U.S. patent number 3,636,837 [Application Number 05/001,102] was granted by the patent office on 1972-01-25 for light beam information presentation control means.
Invention is credited to Joseph T. McNaney.
United States Patent |
3,636,837 |
McNaney |
January 25, 1972 |
LIGHT BEAM INFORMATION PRESENTATION CONTROL MEANS
Abstract
Apparatus for controlling the formation and presentation of
messages utilizing the high-speed light deflection characteristics
of electro-optic light-refractive materials in combination with a
longitudinally extended window of a light-limiting member supported
in the path of a light beam. The light beam is deflected vertically
and allowed to enter the window whereby a series of vertically
oriented side-by-side lines of light may be exposed to the surface
of a display medium. But, in the process of doing so, the light
beam will be deflected horizontally and beyond the limits of the
window so as to effect interruptions in lines of the series which
correspond to the formation requirements of a message being
presented.
Inventors: |
McNaney; Joseph T. (La Mesa,
CA) |
Family
ID: |
21694377 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/001,102 |
Filed: |
January 7, 1970 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
396/267;
340/815.42; 396/548; 396/561 |
Current CPC
Class: |
G02F
1/29 (20130101); G06K 15/12 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
G06K
15/12 (20060101); G02F 1/29 (20060101); B41b
013/00 () |
Field of
Search: |
;95/4.5
;178/6.7,6.8,7.4,7.5,7.7 ;340/378 ;346/108 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Horan; John M.
Claims
I claim:
1. Light beam information presentation apparatus comprising:
a. a light source and means for deriving a beam of light therefrom
having a predetermined cross-sectional dimension;
b. a light-stopping member supported in the path of said beam
presenting a light-passing area having a longitudinal dimension
substantially greater than said cross-sectional dimension;
c. an electro-optic light beam deflector, intermediate said
stopping member and said light source, including electrically
controllable light-refractive material and electrodes with means
for subjecting said material to the influence of an electrical
potential for effecting deflections of said beam along said
longitudinal dimension and, thereby, the entry of said beam to the
light-passing area along said longitudinal dimension; and
d. another electro-optic light beam deflector, intermediate said
stopping member and said light source, including electrically
controllable light-refractive material and electrodes with means
for subjecting said material to the influence of an electrical
potential for deflecting said beam in a direction substantially
perpendicular to said longitudinal dimension for selectively
interrupting the entry of said beam to the light-passing area
during said deflections of the beam along the longitudinal
dimension thereof.
2. The invention as set forth in claim 1 additionally
including:
e. said light-stopping member having a thickness dimension and said
light-passing area comprising a light-transparent window extending
through said thickness dimension.
3. The invention as set forth in claim 1 additionally
including:
e. said light-stopping member having a thickness dimension and said
light-passing area including an array of individual
light-conducting fibers extending through said thickness
dimension.
4. Light beam information presentation apparatus comprising:
a. a light source and means for deriving a beam of light
therefrom;
b. a light-responsive medium;
c. light-stopping means intermediate said source and said medium,
presenting a series of light-passing areas to said beam;
d. a light beam deflection system intermediate said source and said
light-stopping means including electrically controllable
light-refractive material and electrodes with means for connecting
the influence of an electrical potential to said electrodes;
e. means for extending the influence of a combination of electrical
potentials to the electrodes of said deflection system for
effecting changes in the refractive index of said material and,
accordingly, deflections of said beam in a first direction for
exposing, successively, said light-passing areas to said beam in
combination with deflections of said beam in a second direction for
effecting a series of interruptions in said exposing of the
light-passing areas to said beam;
f. a plurality of fibers of light-conducting material, each having
first and second end surfaces;
g. each of said light-passing areas comprising a first end surface
of one of said fibers and upon an exposing of the beam thereto
light will be conducted to the second end surface of said one
fiber; and
h. means for exposing said medium to light being conducted to the
second end surfaces of said fibers and forming information thereon
corresponding to said exposing of the light-passing areas to said
beam in combination with said interruptions in the exposing of the
light-passing areas to said beam.
5. The invention as set forth in claim 4 additionally
including:
i. said second end surfaces of the plurality of fibers supported
and arranged in a series of vertically oriented arrays of
light-emitting ends from which said information will be exposed to
said medium.
6. Light beam information presentation apparatus comprising:
a. a light source and means for deriving a beam of light
therefrom;
b. light-stopping means supported in the path of said beam
presenting a light-passing area having a longitudinal
dimension;
c. a light beam deflection system intermediate said source and said
light-stopping means including electrically controllable
light-refractive material and electrodes with means for connecting
the influence of an electrical potential to said electrodes;
and
d. means for extending the influence of a combination of electrical
potentials to the electrodes of said deflection system for
effecting changes in the refractive index of said material and,
accordingly, deflections of said beam along said longitudinal
dimension of the light-passing area and, thereby, the entry of said
beam of light to the light-passing area along said longitudinal
dimension, in combination with deflections of said beam in a
direction substantially perpendicular to said longitudinal
dimension for selectively interrupting the entry of said beam to
the light-passing area during said deflections of the beam along
the longitudinal dimension thereof.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The invention is related quite closely to recorders and displays of
information-utilizing character and pictorial generators in
combination with cathode-ray tubes, but instead of an electron beam
a beam of light is being used either as the means of displaying
information on a screen for viewing purposes or on a
light-sensitive media for the purpose of storing information.
However, in relation to the present invention, cathode-ray tubes
and their associated equipment is complex, and recording media is
usually in the form of sensitive film which is expensive. The light
beam as used in the present invention may, of course, be obtained
from a LASER and, therefore, capable of exciting the less sensitive
and less expensive record media. Moreover, this invention is
capable of providing printed information and displays of data which
exceed the quality standards of the cathode-ray tube since the spot
size and brightness of available light sources make this possible
in the apparatus disclosed herein.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
Included herein are several embodiments of apparatus for presenting
information on a viewing screen or on a record medium for storage.
In each case a spot-size beam of light is used, preferably from a
LASER light source, and it is directed toward a screen or other
media by means of a system of horizontal and vertical electro-optic
light beam deflectors. Intermediate the target, toward which the
beam of light is being directed, and these deflectors there is a
light-stopping member containing an area through which light of the
beam will be permitted to pass. The cross-sectional dimension of
the beam is related to the size of the light-passing area of the
light-stopping member to the extent that the area presents a
longitudinal dimension substantially greater than the beam
dimension; possibly 10 to 100 times greater.
The light-passing area will coincide with a common optical axis of
the apparatus and along which the beam of light is projected, and
the longitudinal dimension of the light-passing area is oriented in
the direction in which the beam is capable of being displaced in
relation to the optical axis by the vertical deflectors. Therefore,
the area is scanned at a predetermined, and rapid, rate by the beam
of light under the influence of voltages being applied to the
electro-optic materials of the deflectors. When light reaches the
target, which may be movable in a horizontal direction, a series of
vertically oriented lines will be exposed to the surface of the
target. In forming a meaningful image, however, these lines will be
interrupted in various ways and to the extent necessary to form a
message. These interruptions are initiated by the application of
the influence of a voltage applied to the electro-optic material of
the horizontal beam deflector while voltages are being applied to
the vertical deflectors. During each interruption the beam is
deflected horizontally and beyond the limits of the light-passing
area. The duration of such interruptions will be in accordance with
a given image formation requirement.
Within the light-passing area of the light-stopping member the
invention will include the use of one of several beam utilization
means, each designed to meet a different display or recording
requirement of the invention. The light-passing area in one
embodiment is in the form of a vertically oriented
light-transparent window. The vertically scanned beam is thereby
projected through the window and onto the surface of the image
presentation target. In another embodiment a vertically oriented
array of light-admitting end surfaces of optical fibers is
positioned within the light-passing area and light is conducted
through the fibers to a similar array of light-emitting end
surfaces. A series of columns of light spots from these emitting
ends may then be imaged on the surface of the target. In another
embodiment a single vertically oriented array of the
light-admitting ends of the fibers is divided into five, for
example, vertically oriented arrays of light-emitting ends from
which an individual series of five columns of light spots may be
derived for forming message characters, either directly on the
surface of a record medium or projected onto the viewing surface of
a target medium.
Objects of the invention and its various embodiments include
high-speed means of presenting informative light images on a
display medium and more particularly on record media requiring
relatively high levels of light output from the source of the
information. Other objects include simplified means for generating
the informative light images simply and at very high writing
speeds.
The invention, however, both as to its originality and method of
operation, and additional objects and advantages, will best be
understood from the following description when read with the
accompanying drawing.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING
FIGS. 1 and 2 each include a diagram of the unique means of
generating light images with respectively different means of
effecting the display and recordations of light image;
FIG. 3 will be referred to in describing the image-generating
functions of the FIG. 1 embodiment;
FIG. 4 will be referred to in describing the function of the
light-stopping member in the FIG. 1 embodiment;
FIG. 5 represents an array of light-emitting elements of a
light-stopping member and of a type that may be used in FIG. 1;
and
FIG. 6 will be referred to in describing the image-generating
function of the FIG. 2 embodiment.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
Referring now to the image-generating portions of the FIGS. 1 and 2
embodiments of the invention a light source 10, and preferably a
LASER light source 10, in combination with a lens system 11 will
project a beam of light along a common optical axis of the
apparatus. Following the lens system 11 along this optical axis is
an electro-optic light beam deflector 13 for effecting vertical
deflections of the beam in relation to the axis 12, and an
electro-optic light beam deflector 14 for effecting horizontal
deflections of the beam in relation to the axis 12. In describing
the invention it should be understood, of course, the positions of
deflectors 13 and 14 are interchangeable in that the deflector 14
may be between the deflector 13 and the lens 11. Each of these
deflectors includes an electrically controllable light-refractive
material and will be described, for example, as containing at least
first and second, 15 and 16, prismatic elements having surfaces
adjacent one another and coincident with a line 17 which
intersects, diagonally, the axis 12. On opposite surfaces of the
deflectors 13 electrodes 18 and 19 are provided, and on opposite
surfaces of the deflectors 14 electrodes 20 and 21 are provided.
Upon the application of the influence of an electrical potential
between the electrodes of the respective deflectors the index of
refraction of the material is altered sufficiently to effect a
change in the direction of light leaving the deflectors.
Electro-optic materials useful in meeting the light-deflecting
functions of the invention may be chosen from a number of different
materials including barium strontium niobate, barium sodium
niobate, nitrobenzene, carbon disulphide and still other materials
having similar characteristics for controlling the deflection of
light beams. The influence of electrical potentials will be
obtained from a controllable voltage source 22 which, of course,
may be that of electronic data-processing equipments, however, the
description of the invention herein will exemplify the use of
mechanical means for effecting the desired control functions.
In the FIG. 1 embodiment there is a light-stopping member 25
supported in the path of light from the source 10, which is
provided with a light-passing area 26, and being in the form of a
light-transparent window 27 through which the light beam may pass.
This area 26 has a longitudinal dimension, which will be referred
to as being oriented vertically in the apparatus, and which
dimension is possibly 10 to 100 times the cross-sectional dimension
of the light beam upon reaching this area. To illustrate, a beam
cross section 28 is shown in FIG. 4 in relation to the area 26, and
upon the application of the influence of an electrical potential
across the deflector 13 the effect will be equal to that of
scanning the area 26 between the lower and upper limits 30 and 31
as indicated. In doing so, light beyond the member 25 will be
projected, by a lens 32 for example, toward the surface 33 of a
medium 34. Depending upon the information presentation requirements
of a given application the medium 34 may be moved in the direction
of the arrow 35, for example, while in a spaced-apart position from
the member 25, or, additional light deflectors between the medium
34 and the lens 32 can be used to deflect light beyond the member
25 in relation to a fixed position medium 34, or, the medium 34 can
be positioned adjacent the member 25 and moved in relation
thereto.
In the FIG. 2 embodiment the light-stopping member 40 includes a
light-passing area 41 in which there is an array of light-admitting
end surfaces 42 of light guides, such as optical fibers, which
extend from a first surface 43 of the member 40 to a second surface
44 thereof. Emitting end surfaces of the light guides at the
surface 44 may be arranged in a straight line manner as the
admitting surfaces 42 are shown to be, or, arranged in a manner
considered best in meeting an image presentation application
requirement. For contact printing therefrom, a record medium 45 can
be supported adjacent the surface 44 and moved in the direction of
the arrow 46. However, light appearing at the surface 44 may be
projected onto a display medium in a manner described in connection
with the FIG. 1 embodiment.
In the process of presenting images on a display medium the
light-passing area, either 26 of member 25 or 41 of member 40, is
scanned from one end of its longitudinal dimension to the other.
Referring to FIG. 4, the beam 28 will be deflected so as to scan
the area 26 from the one end 30 to the other end 31. Such scanning
will be accomplished at some predetermined number of scans per
second, and upon the application of sawtooth waveform voltages
between the electrodes 18 and 19 of the vertical deflector 13. If,
for example, a record medium 34 is made to move in the direction of
the arrow 35 a series of lines may be recorded on the surface 33,
and when on and off voltages are appropriately applied between the
electrodes 20 and 21 of the horizontal deflector 14 a series of
light beam scanning functions can be interrupted in a manner
necessary to present meaningful images on the surface 33. A
recording of the letter "E" in FIG. 3 is exemplified as being
comprised of a series of lines, some continuous and some
interrupted. The first four lines extend from a lower limit 50 to
an upper limit 55, but the remaining lines thereof had been
subjected to a program of interruptions. After a recording of the
first four lines in the E is completed the fifth line is
interrupted at a point 51 by the application of a voltage to the
deflectors 14, causing the beam 28 to be deflected horizontally in
the direction of the arrow 56 and beyond the limits of the area 26.
The beam will follow a light-stopping path 57 until it has reached
a point 52 as indicated in FIG. 3, whereupon the voltage will be
removed from the horizontal deflectors 14, allowing the beam 28 to
return in the direction of the arrow 58 to the area 26. A recording
of the fifth line continues from the point 52 until it reaches the
point 53, whereupon the beam is deflected in the direction of the
arrow 56, to follow the path 57 until it reaches a point 54. The
beam 28 is again allowed to return in the direction of the arrow 58
to the area 26 to complete the fifth line of the E. The process of
applying on and off voltages to the horizontal deflectors will
continue until the formation of the E is completed.
Another recording of a letter E, utilizing the light guide member
40, is illustrated in FIG. 6. The same technique of interrupting a
vertically scanned light beam over the surfaces 42 of a series of
seven light guides in the member 40 is used, but the E of FIG. 6 is
composed of fewer vertical scans of the beam between the lower and
upper limits of the light-passing area 41 of the member 40.
However, the process of applying voltages to the horizontal
deflector 14 will be followed as described in connection with the
FIG. 1 embodiment.
FIG. 5 represents a five-by-seven array of light guides 60 in a
light-stopping member 61, having a light-admitting surface 62,
wherein the light-admitting ends of the five-by-seven array of
light guides are arranged in a straight single-column line, similar
to the single-column line of ends 42 appearing at the surface 43 of
the member 40. The light-admitting surface 62, however, will
contain a single-column line of 35 light-admitting ends of the
five-by-seven array of light guides 60. In doing so, a single
vertical scan over a light-passing area of the surface 62 will
provide a record of the letter E as shown in FIG. 6. To illustrate
further, the light-admitting ends of the guides 60 are arranged and
illuminated whereby column 1 in FIG. 5 is designed to emit light
from the lowermost light guide 60, first, and then the next
lowermost guide, and so on until the seven guides in the column 1
have been illuminated. Then beginning with the lowermost guide in
column 2, this column of guides 60 is illuminated. In this manner
the illumination of columns 3, 4 and 5 may continue. The horizontal
interruption of the single scan of the 35 light-admitting ends of
the guides 60 will be effected in the same manner as the scanning
of five columns of seven ends separately.
In the embodiment described in connection with FIG. 1 the object is
to project spot-size beams onto the surface 33 having
cross-sectional dimensions of 0.001 in., or less, for high-density
recording of information, but larger spot size beams for visual
displays. And the lower and upper limits 30 and 31 of the
light-passing area 26 are designed to effect well-registered, and
therefore straight, lines of printed matter across the surface 33.
In the embodiments utilizing the light-conducting fibers 42 or 60,
such light guides as small as 0.001 in. are intended for
high-density recording of information, while in direct contact with
the medium 45. The design of a light-stopping member as described
in connection with FIG. 5 lends itself to the supporting of a
plurality of members 61 side by side across the width of a record
media, whereby, a line of images may be recorded while the media is
held stationary.
The particular embodiments of the invention illustrated and
described herein is illustrative only, and the invention includes
such other modifications and equivalents as may readily appear to
those skilled in the arts, and within the scope of the appended
claims.
* * * * *