U.S. patent number 3,636,676 [Application Number 05/042,976] was granted by the patent office on 1972-01-25 for method of erecting prefabricated shelter.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Tension Structures Inc.. Invention is credited to Charles W. Moss.
United States Patent |
3,636,676 |
Moss |
January 25, 1972 |
METHOD OF ERECTING PREFABRICATED SHELTER
Abstract
A shelter which has panels bowed and secured together in a
stressed condition to define a domelike building. The panels are
retained in the stressed condition by supporting structure, and the
stressed condition of the panels cooperates in locking the
assembled parts together. A flexible joint is provided between the
panels to aid in erecting and in retaining the structure together
and to provide a weather seal. A method whereby the shelter can be
erected by stressing the panels in sequence is provided.
Inventors: |
Moss; Charles W. (Ann Arbor,
MI) |
Assignee: |
Tension Structures Inc. (Milan,
MI)
|
Family
ID: |
26719862 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/042,976 |
Filed: |
June 3, 1970 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
Issue Date |
|
|
790930 |
Jan 14, 1969 |
3562975 |
Feb 16, 1971 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
52/745.08;
29/446; 29/448; 29/429; 52/81.4 |
Current CPC
Class: |
E04H
1/12 (20130101); E04B 7/102 (20130101); E04B
1/3211 (20130101); E04B 2001/3217 (20130101); Y10T
29/49828 (20150115); E04B 2001/3276 (20130101); Y10T
29/49867 (20150115); Y10T 29/49863 (20150115) |
Current International
Class: |
E04B
7/10 (20060101); E04B 1/32 (20060101); E04H
1/12 (20060101); E04b 002/12 (); B23p 011/00 ();
E04b 001/32 () |
Field of
Search: |
;52/80,81,82,741,747
;29/429 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Foreign Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Sutherland; Henry C.
Parent Case Text
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION
This application is a division of my copending application Ser. No.
790,930, filed Jan. 14, 1969 for "Prefabricated Shelter and Method
of Erecting Same," now U.S. Pat. No. 3,562,975.
Claims
It is claimed:
1. In the erection of a prefabricated dome-shaped shelter from a
plurality of panels having the general shape of isosceles
trapezoids with curvilinear sides, a plurality of H-shaped
resilient flexible strips having outwardly opening channels with
generally parallel sides and having one of their channels fitted
respectively to one of the edges of each of said panels while the
other channel remains open, and wherein the directions of outward
opening of the channels of each strip define an included angle of a
preestablished degree less than the intended included angle between
said panels, the method of erecting the shelter comprising the
steps of positioning in an upright position at a selected location
the first of said panels, securing in upright position to the lower
edge of the first panel the second of the panels, bowing the upper
ends of said panels radially inwardly toward the intended axis of
the shelter and securing the upper end of said second panel to the
upper end of said first panel and fitting the lateral edge of one
bowed panel into the open channel of the strip on the other bowed
panel, repeating these steps successively with respect to each of
the panels while allowing the included angles between such panels
to be approximately equal to said preestablished included angle of
the strips so that said panels assume at their lower edges an
inwardly directed spiral, and moving the second and each succeeding
panel outwardly so that they assume at their lower edges the
intended included angle.
2. In the erection of a prefabricated dome-shaped shelter from a
plurality of panels having the general shape of isosceles
trapezoids with curvilinear sides, a plurality of H-shaped
resilient flexible strips having one of their channels fitted
respectively to one of the edges of each of said panels, and a door
frame assembly, and wherein the directions of outward opening of
the channels of each strip define an included angle of a
preestablished degree less than the intended included angle between
said panels, the method of erecting the shelter comprising the
steps of positioning in an upright position at a selected location
the first of said panels with one of said strips fitted thereon and
bowing the upper end of the panel radially inwardly toward the
intended axis of the shelter, securing in upright position to the
lower edge of the first panel the second of the panels while
fitting the lateral edge of said second panel into the other
channel of the first-panel strip, bowing the upper end of said
second panel radially inwardly and securing the upper end of said
second panel to the upper end of said first panel while fitting the
lateral edge of said second panel into said other channel of the
first-panel strip, repeating these steps successively with respect
to each of the panels while allowing the included angles between
such panels to be approximately equal to said preestablished
included angle of the strips so that said panels assume at their
lower edges an inwardly directed spiral, moving the second and each
succeeding panel outwardly so that they assume at their lower edges
the intended included angle, and fitting the door frame assembly
between the free edges of the first and last of said panels.
3. The method as defined in claim 2, wherein the step of securing
the second panel at its lower edge to the first panel and the lower
edge of each panel thereafter to the preceding panel includes
connecting the lower edges of the panels to be joined with the
second panel in general alignment with the opening of the channel
of the associated strip and drawing the second panel into the
channel of the strip.
4. The method as defined in claim 2, wherein the step of securing
the second panel at its upper edge to the first panel and the upper
edge of each panel thereafter to the preceding panel includes
connecting the upper edges of the panels to be joined with the
second panel in general alignment with the opening of the channel
of the associated strip and drawing the second panel into the
channel of the strip.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
One of the early shelters which is constructed by bowing and
securing together a plurality of prestressed panels so as to define
a domelike structure which is free of internal supporting structure
is disclosed in French Pat. No. 899,373. As there shown, the panels
are secured together by overlapping the panels and then bolting
them together, or by bolting bands to adjoining panels.
Another prior art shelter of this general character is disclosed in
the U.S. Pat. No. 2,820,990, granted Jan. 28, 1958 to Johnson. As
there shown, the panels are joined by clips and a cable is
connected to the uppermost clip between each adjoining panel for
retaining the upper ends of the stressed panels together.
The shelters disclosed in the two cited references create many
significant problems when an effort is made to erect them, and
also, when such shelters are erected, problems exist with respect
to providing proper weather seals at the joints between the
panels.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to the method of erecting an improved
prefabricated domelike shelter.
The problems that exist with respect to the prior art structures
have been solved in a unique and unobvious manner by the present
invention. Initially, a new and improved upper and lower edge
construction of the panels has been provided, and in addition, an
improved flexible joint has been provided for interconnecting the
abutting lateral edges of the panels so as to provide an effective
weather seal, and also to facilitate erecting the shelter quickly
and with a minimum of help. In carrying out this operation, a first
panel can be assembled in place, and thereafter, each succeeding
panel can be attached to the preceding panel partly by means of the
flexible joint which then functions to aid in maintaining the
panels in position during the erection of the succeeding panels.
When the shelter is completely erected, the construction and
arrangement of the flexible joints is such that portions thereof
are constantly urged tightly against the exterior surfaces of the
associated panels to provide a tight weather seal.
According to a preferred form of the present invention, a shelter
is provided comprising a plurality of resilient panels each having
the general shape of an isosceles trapezoid with curvilinear sides.
Each panel is mounted in an upright position at its base and
prestressed into a bowed position with its curvilinear edges
substantially in abutting relationship throughout their lengths to
the curvilinear edges of the next adjacent panels. First means
secure the bottoms of said panels together and second means secure
the tops of the panels together. Flexible joints extend between the
substantially abutting lateral edges the full lengths of the panels
and overlap the inner and outer edges of such panels.
The flexible joints comprise resilient strips having a generally
H-shaped cross section, the open channels of which are directed
outwardly and define between them an included angle of a
preestablished degree less than the intended included angle between
two adjacent panels. Thus, when the shelter is erected, the
adjacent panels will be in tight sealing relationship with the
outer surfaces of the H-shaped cross sections to assure
weathertight seals at such joints.
In a preferred method of erecting the shelter, the first of said
panels is erected in an upright position at a selected location
with one of the flexible joints or strips fitted on the remote
edge, and the panel is bowed radially inwardly from the upper end
toward the intended axis of the shelter, a second panel is secured
in an upright position to the lower edge of the first panel while
at the same time fitting the lateral edge of the second panel into
the other open channel of the first-panel flexible joint, and such
second panel is then bowed inwardly from its upper end and the
upper end is secured to the upper end of the first panel while at
the same time fitting the lateral edge of the second panel into the
aforesaid channel of the first-panel strip. These steps are
repeated successively with respect to each of the panels while
allowing the included angles between such panels to be
approximately equal to the preestablished included angle defined by
the openings of the channels in the flexible joint so that the
lower edges of the joined panels are spiraled inwardly. When all of
the panels have been secured together in this manner, they are
moved outwardly against the resilient properties of the flexible
joints to a desired position wherein a door frame is fitted between
the free edges of the first and last of the panels. Thereafter the
remainder of the door frame assembly can be inserted in place, and
a suitable dome can be positioned over the joined upper ends of the
panels. If desired, a suitable interior floor can also be inserted
in place within the dome.
Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide an
improved dome-shaped shelter which can be assembled readily from
prefabricated components, and it is a further object of the present
invention to provide an improved method of erecting such a
shelter.
Other objects of this invention will appear in the following
description and appended claims, reference being had to the
accompanying drawings forming a part of this specification wherein
like reference characters designate corresponding parts in the
several views.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a top elevational view of a dome-shaped shelter embodying
one form of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a side elevational view of the embodiment shown in FIG.
1;
FIG. 3 is a front elevational view of the embodiment shown in FIG.
1;
FIGS. 4 to 9, inclusive, illustrate a series of steps that may be
employed in erecting the shelter illustrated in FIGS. 1 to 3,
inclusive;
FIG. 10 is a fragmentary top plan view illustrating details of the
structure for securing the upper ends of the panels together;
FIG. 11 illustrates one of the panels in an upright position, and
in broken lines the panel is shown bowed to its final position
after erection of the shelter;
FIG. 12 is a fragmentary section illustrating the arrangement
whereby one of the panels is secured to the base structure;
FIG. 13 is a fragmentary side elevational view illustrating details
of the structure for securing the lower ends of the panels
together;
FIG. 14 is a fragmentary section taken on the lines 14--14 of FIG.
13 showing in solid lines the assembled positions of two of the
panels and showing in broken lines the positions of the panels
during one stage of the erection of the shelter;
FIG. 15 is a fragmentary section taken through the cap member of
the shelter;
FIG. 16 is a fragmentary front elevational view illustrating
details of the door frame assembly;
FIG. 17 is a top plan view of the floor or base member that may be
utilized within the shelter as a floor;
FIG. 18 illustrates a modified arrangement that may be used for
assembling and subsequently securing the bottom edges of two panels
together; and
FIG. 19 is a fragmentary view illustrating two shelters of the type
shown in FIG. 1 connected together by their common door frame
assemblies.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
Before explaining the present invention in detail, it is to be
understood that the invention is not limited in its application to
the details of construction and arrangement of parts illustrated in
the accompanying drawings, since the invention is capable of other
embodiments and of being practiced or carried out in various ways.
Also, it is to be understood that the phraseology or terminology
employed herein is for the purpose of description and not of
limitation.
Referring now to the drawings, the invention will be described in
greater detail. A preferred embodiment of a single unit,
dome-shaped shelter 10 constituting the present invention is shown
in FIGS. 1, 2 and 3, in an assembled position. The complete
assembly includes an annular polygonal base structure 12 (see FIG.
17) which is supported on a supporting surface 14 in a manner to be
described, a plurality of prestressed bowed panels 16 which have
been cut to have a desired shape generally consisting of an
isosceles trapezoid with curvilinear sides or edges, a plurality of
flexible joints 17 fitted between adjacent panels 16, a cap member
18 which is seated on the upper ends of the panels 16, and an
entranceway or door frame assembly 20.
The supporting surface 14 forms no part of the present invention
and may comprise any suitable surface such as a wooden platform, a
concrete or similar surface, or earth which has been made level for
the purpose of erecting the shelter.
The panels 16 include a suitable resilient material, such as
plywood 21, or the like, and have the general shape when in an
unstressed position of an isosceles trapezoid with curvilinear
lateral or side edges 22. However, it will be recognized that other
suitable panel structures of this character having resilient
properties may also be employed. In the preferred embodiment of the
invention, a sheet of foam plastic material 24 is secured to the
inner surface of the plywood 21 for heat and sound insulation
purposes. A suitable foam plastic material that may be used for
this purpose is manufactured by Uniroyal, under the trademark
ENSOLITE which comprises closed-cell plastic sheets from a group of
flexible, expanded, modified polyvinyl chloride materials. This
material is fire retardant, will provide a moisture and sound
barrier and heat insulation, and will not wrinkle when the panels
are bowed. Other materials having these same properties may also be
used.
The outer surface of the plywood 21 preferably has a plastic film
25 thereon of the type manufactured by DuPont under the trademark
TEDLAR, which is a PVF film. This film can be obtained in a variety
of colors to provide a desired and attractive appearance for the
finished domelike structure. Not only does this film provide an
attractive appearance, but it eliminates the need for painting the
plywood surface while providing an excellent protective covering
for the wood.
Attached to the plywood 21 to provide a bottom edge for the panel
16 is the aluminum L channel 26 which can be attached in any
suitable manner, as by rivets, not shown. A similar L channel 30 is
secured to the top of the plywood panel 21 to provide the upper
edge of the panel 16, and the L channel 30 is also attached to the
plywood by suitable means, such as rivets or the like, not shown.
Riveted to one end of the L channel 26 of each panel 16 is one
portion of a toggle clamp 32, and similarly riveted to the end of
the flange 26 of an adjacent panel 16 is the other portion 34 of
the toggle clamp, for a purpose to be described hereinafter.
Similar toggle clamp portions 36 and 38 are mounted on the upper
surfaces of the L channels 30 of the adjacent panels 26. It is to
be noted that the toggle clamp portions 32 and 34 are mounted on
the outside or outer surfaces of the L channels 26, whereas the
toggle portions 36 and 38 are mounted on the upper surfaces of the
L channels 30. The manner in which these toggle clamp portions
function will be described hereinafter.
The flexible joints 17 are extruded strips of suitable organic
plastic material, such as polyvinyl chloride or the like, which has
resilient properties. The extruded strips have generally H-shaped
cross sections, as can be seen best in FIG. 14. When in an
unstressed condition, the included angle between the outwardly
opening channels 40 and 42 is less than 180 angular degrees and
less than the included angle 44 between adjacent panels 26 when
such panels are in their final, erected positions shown in solid
lines in FIG. 14. Thus, during erection of the shelter 10, the
panels 16 can be joined together by the flexible joints 17 while in
the broken line positions, FIG. 14, and thereafter when the panels
16 are urged outwardly to their final positions represented by the
solid line positions, FIG. 14, the outer legs 48, 50 of the
flexible joints 17 will oppose such enlarging of the included angle
to that of angle 44 resulting in legs 48, 50 being urged tightly
against the outer surfaces of the panels 16, thereby providing a
weathertight seal and also cooperating to provide a rigidly formed
structure.
The floor or polygonal base structure 12, FIGS. 12 and 17, is
preferably formed of a plurality of panel structures 52 which have
been cut and numbered to facilitate assembling them in place after
the remainder of the shelter has been erected.
The cap member 18 is formed in two sections 54, 56 from a suitable
clear plastic material, such as an acrylic plastic, and a retaining
aluminum frame structure 58 is provided for joining the sections 54
and 56 together with an interlocked joint, as best seen in FIG. 15.
A suitable weatherstrip 60 is bonded to one of the interlocked
portions of the interlocked joint.
The cap member 18 is connected to the panels 16 at their upper ends
by means of a plurality of bolts 62, FIG. 15, which extend through
the periphery of the sections 54, 56 and pass through the L
channels 30 on the upper ends of such panels 16. For the purpose of
providing suitable insulation, a sealing ring 64 is fitted between
the outer periphery of the sections 54, 56 and the L channels
30.
The door frame assembly 20 can be constructed in a variety of ways,
and preferably it includes a conventional aluminum door frame 66
which can have sliding panels therein closed by glass panes 68. The
door frame 66 normally is constructed to have a width substantially
equal to the width at their bases of two of the panels 26. The door
frame assembly 20 has a top wall portion which comprises two panels
70 and 72 which are joined by a flexible joint 17. Each of the
panels 70 and 72 also will have an L channel 74 and 76 at the outer
edges for joining with the two sidewall panels 78. As shown in
FIGS. 2 and 6, the sidewall panels are cut to a suitable shape for
fitting between one of the panels 26 and the corresponding top wall
panel 70 or 72. The sidewall panel 78 is formed of the same
material as panels 26, and also has an L-channel 80 at its upper
end for use in bolting the sidewall panel 78 to the top panel 70.
Each of the sidewall panels has an L channel shaped and fitted to
its lower edge which can be inserted under the adjacent panel 26
and bolted to this panel by means of bolts, not shown, which pass
through the L channel.
It is to be observed that the top panels 70 and 72 have L channels
at their upper ends which correspond to and are joined to the
plurality of channels 30 forming the upper ring on which the cap
member 18 is seated.
In the erection of the shelter 10, a suitable surface 14 is
initially selected or provided, after which the site of the door
frame assembly 20 is chosen.
Referring now to FIGS. 4-9, inclusive, the sequence of steps
employed in erecting the shelter will be described. Initially, a
first panel 26 is placed on the surface 14, as is shown in FIG. 4,
adjacent to the site selected for door frame assembly 20. For this
purpose the bottom edge can be secured to the surface 14 if
desired, or any suitable structure, such as a concrete block or the
like may be placed adjacent to the bottom edge of the panel to
assure that it will remain in the bowed position illustrated in
this figure. Normally, a flexible joint 17 will have been bonded to
one edge of each of the panels 26 as shown in this figure prior to
beginning erection of the shelter.
After the first panel 26 has been placed in the position shown in
FIG. 4, a second panel is fitted to the first panel, as shown in
FIG. 5. This is accomplished by initially placing the second panel
in alignment with the open channel of the first joint 17, and then
by means of a suitable draw-pull means, such as a toggle mechanism,
or the like, the second panel is pulled into the open channel of
the flexible joint bonded to the first panel. The lower edge of the
panels are then secured together by the toggle mechanism or clamp,
and the second panel is then bowed to the position shown in FIG. 5
and the upper ends of the two panels are secured together.
In a preferred form of the present invention, the two panels can be
pulled together by means of the draw-pull mechanism shown at the
bottom of the two panels 26 illustrated in FIG. 13, and by the
draw-pull or toggle mechanism at the top of the panels shown in
FIG. 10. These are conventional buckles of the overcenter type
which can readily be manipulated to pull or draw the two panels
together while locking the buckle in its closed position. Other
suitable means may be used for pulling the two panels together, as
is shown by the mechanism illustrated in FIG. 18. As there shown,
the two panels 26 can be pulled together by means of the toggle
mechanism or draw-pull tool 82 which has been made for this
purpose. For the purpose of carrying out this operation, apertures
are provided at 84 in each of the panels in which the ends of the
arms 86 can be temporarily inserted for pulling the two panels 26
together. Pivoting of the lever arm of the tool 82 will carry out
this object. Once these two panels are pulled together, U-bolt
holes are provided at 88 through which a U-bolt (not shown) can be
inserted and bolted on the interior side of the shelter.
After the first two panels have been joined together in the
described manner, the remaining panels will be successively joined,
and when so doing, the panels will assume a spiral which is
inwardly directed so that the group of panels when assembled will
be in essentially the position shown in FIG. 6, with the last panel
26 to be put in place being positioned inwardly of the first panel
that was erected. Thereafter, the panels will be urged outwardly to
assure that a tight joint is provided by means of the outer legs
48, 50 of the flexible joints 17 acting against the outer surfaces
of the panels 26, as was previously described. The side wall panels
78 can then be bolted in place to the free ends of the first and
last of the panels 26 to be assembled together.
Thereafter, when the panels 26 have all been urged outwardly to
their intended final positions, the door frame 66 can be inserted
in place, as shown in FIG. 7. The first roof panel 70 is next
inserted in place, after which the second panel 72 is fitted
thereto to close the top of the entranceway. During these
operations, the L channels 30 at the inner ends thereof are secured
together with the L channels of the various panels 26 in the same
manner as previously described.
By virtue of the described arrangement for assembling the panels
and door assembly, a ring is provided at the base of the shelter
and a similar ring is provided at the upper ends of the panels 26
and the roof panels 70, 72. Both of these rings are in tension and
the midportion of what may be termed the hip-portion of the panels
26, which is an area between the upper and lower ends of the
panels, will be in a state of compression. Thus, once the panels
have all been joined together in the prescribed manner, they will
be a rigid structure wherein internal forces will act to hold all
of the parts rigidly together.
After the entranceway or door assembly 20 has been erected, the cap
member 18 can be inserted in place. In the preferred embodiment,
the cap member 18 is shown in two sections 54, 56 to facilitate
mounting the cap member from the interior of the shelter. By virtue
of the two-piece structure, one of the sections can initially be
passed through the hole at the top of the panels from the interior
of the shelter, and secured in place, and thereafter, the second of
the sections can similarly be passed upwardly from the interior of
the shelter and similarly secured in place. In view of the fact
that the cap member has a larger diameter than the opening defined
by the L channels 30, the cap member 18 normally cannot be passed
through the opening without being made in sections, as is
illustrated.
After fitting the cap member 18 in place, the base structure 12 can
be fitted into the shelter 10. The base structure 12 comprises a
plurality of panels 52 which can be assembled much in the fashion
of a jigsaw puzzle, but which has been shipped with numbers on them
indicating their location so that they can be assembled readily
within the shelter 10 once the various panels 26, 70, 72, 78 and
the like have been assembled in place.
As shown in FIG. 19, the present shelter 10 can be used to provide
a plurality of joined shelters merely by interconnecting the door
frame assemblies 20 of two adjacent shelters 10. Thus, the present
invention is not limited to a single unit, but it is contemplated
that a plurality of such units may be joined together within the
scope of the present invention.
* * * * *