U.S. patent number 3,636,404 [Application Number 04/875,113] was granted by the patent office on 1972-01-18 for emergency light circuit for mercury vapor lamps.
Invention is credited to Arthur I. Appleton.
United States Patent |
3,636,404 |
Appleton |
January 18, 1972 |
EMERGENCY LIGHT CIRCUIT FOR MERCURY VAPOR LAMPS
Abstract
An auxiliary or emergency lighting system for use with electric
discharge lamps, and more particularly mercury vapor lamps. Means
are provided for detecting the loss of energy or illumination in
the primary discharge lamps and responding thereto to turn on an
emergency lamp. In one embodiment, the emergency lamp may be
selectively supplied with electricity from either the primary power
source or from a battery, depending upon whether the electrical
discharge lamps are momentarily or permanently deprived of energy.
The battery for the emergency lamp is charged by a charging circuit
connected to the primary power source and operative during normal
operation of the electrical discharge lamp. A second embodiment
uses a light-detecting device for triggering the emergency lamp
into operation and includes means for providing both a fast charge
and a trickle charge to the battery, depending upon the charge
state of the battery.
Inventors: |
Appleton; Arthur I. (Chicago,
IL) |
Family
ID: |
25365221 |
Appl.
No.: |
04/875,113 |
Filed: |
November 10, 1969 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
428/578; 250/206;
315/88; 315/134; 428/596; 307/66; 315/93; 428/575; 315/87 |
Current CPC
Class: |
H02J
9/02 (20130101); Y10T 428/12215 (20150115); Y10T
428/12361 (20150115); Y10T 428/12236 (20150115) |
Current International
Class: |
H02J
9/00 (20060101); H02J 9/02 (20060101); H05b
041/46 () |
Field of
Search: |
;250/206 ;307/66
;315/86,87,88,90,91,92,93,134 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Hossfeld; Raymond F.
Claims
I claim as my invention:
1. A lighting circuit, comprising,
a. input lines providing a primary source of power;
b. a primary lighting circuit including electrical discharge lamp
means having different energy demands during hot starting, cold
starting and normal operating periods;
c. a storage battery;
d. charging means coupled to said input lines and adapted to be
selectively coupled to charge said battery;
e. charge control means responsive to the substantially charged
condition of said battery to prevent overcharge thereof by said
charging means;
f. sensing means responsive to an interruption in the operation of
said primary lighting circuit;
g. a secondary lighting circuit;
h. switching means actuated by said sensing means to connect said
battery for energizing said secondary lighting circuit;
i. and a time delay device for disconnecting said battery from said
secondary lighting circuit a predetermined time interval subsequent
to its connection thereto, thereby preventing the complete
discharge of said battery.
2. A lighting system comprising, in combination,
a. input lines providing a primary source of power;
b. a primary lighting circuit including electrical discharge lamp
means having different energy demands during hot starting, cold
starting and normal operating periods and ballast means for
supplying energy for said lamp means during cold starting and
normal operating periods;
c. a secondary power source;
d. a secondary lighting circuit;
e. switching means coupled to said secondary lighting circuit and
responsive:
e1. to a momentary interruption of current in said primary lighting
circuit to energize said secondary lighting circuit from said
primary power source, and
e2. to an extended period of current interruption in said primary
lighting circuit to energize said secondary lighting circuit from
said secondary power source.
3. A lighting system according to claim 2 wherein said secondary
power source is a battery and wherein said combination further
f. battery-charging means supplied by said primary power source and
adapted to charge said battery during normal operation of said
primary lighting circuit.
4. A lighting system according to claim 3 further including
g. charge control means responsive to the substantially charged
condition of said battery to prevent overcharging thereof,
h. and discharge control means operative to disconnect said battery
from said secondary lighting circuit a predetermined time interval
after energization of said secondary lighting circuit from said
battery, whereby complete discharge of said battery is
prevented.
5. A lighting circuit according to claim 4 wherein said discharge
control means comprises a heating resistor in circuit with said
primary lighting circuit and a thermal switch connected in series
with said battery, said switch being operative to close when
current flows through said primary lighting circuit to heat said
resistor and to open after the heating resistor has cooled due to a
loss of current in said primary lighting circuit, the cooling time
defining a discharge interval for said battery.
6. A lighting system comprising, in combination,
a. input lines providing a primary source of power;
b. a primary electric gaseous discharge device of a type whose
starting potential at normal operating temperature is far in excess
of its starting potential at room temperature;
c. a ballast circuit capable of generating a potential sufficient
for starting said device at room temperature and for sustaining
normal operation thereof;
d. a secondary power source;
e. a secondary lighting circuit;
f. a light-sensing circuit supplied by said input lines and
optically coupled to said discharge device for providing an
electrical response to the inoperative condition thereof; and
g. switching means controlled by said light-sensing circuit to
energize said secondary lighting circuit from said secondary power
source upon occurrence of said electrical response.
7. A lighting system according to claim 6 wherein said secondary
power source is a battery and wherein said combination further
comprises,
h. a battery-charging circuit supplied by said primary power source
and selectively operable to provide both a fast charge and a
trickle charge, depending upon the charge condition of said
battery.
8. A lighting system according to claim 7 further including
i. discharge control means operative to disconnect said secondary
lighting circuit from said battery an interval of time subsequent
to an interruption of said primary power source, thereby preventing
excessive discharge of said battery.
9. A lighting system comprising,
a. a primary lighting circuit including electrical discharge lamp
means having different energy demands during hot starting, cold
starting, and normal operating periods and ballast means for
supplying said different energy demands during cold starting and
normal operating periods;
b. a secondary power source;
c. a secondary lighting circuit;
d. sensing means responsive to an interruption in the operation of
said primary lighting circuit;
e. switching means selectively interposed in series with said
secondary lighting circuit and adopted for actuation by said
sensing means to couple said secondary power source to said
secondary lighting circuit, energizing said secondary lighting
circuit to provide an auxiliary source of illumination;
f. charge control means associated with said secondary power
source; and
g. discharge control means including a time delay device
automatically operable in response to the inoperative condition of
said primary lighting circuit, said charge and discharge control
means being operative to allow cyclical charging and discharging of
said secondary power source in controlled amounts in accordance
with the normal daily ON-OFF cycle of said primary lighting
circuit.
10. In an auxiliary lighting system for use with a primary
night-lighting system an auxiliary power supply including,
a. a storage battery,
b. a charging circuit for selectively charging said battery,
c. means controlling the charge rate to said battery in accordance
with the charge state of said battery, and
d. time delay means automatically rendered operative during
inoperativeness of said primary night-lighting system for
controlling the discharge period of said battery, said charge and
discharge control means being cyclically operable in conjunction
with the normal daily ON-OFF cycle of said primary night-lighting
system and said charge and discharge of said battery being
controlled in predetermined amounts so as to prolong the operating
life of said battery.
11. A lighting system comprising,
a. input lines providing a primary source of power,
b. a primary electric gaseous discharge device whose starting
potential at its normal operating temperature is far in excess of
the starting potential required at room temperature,
c. a ballast circuit capable of supplying a sufficient starting
potential when said device is at room temperature,
d. a storage battery,
e. a battery-charging circuit supplied by said primary power source
and operable to provide a fast charging current and a trickle
charging current,
f. switching means selectively coupling said fast charge current or
said trickle charge current to said battery in accordance with the
charge state of said battery,
g. a light-sensing circuit including a direct current power supply
and a photosensitive device optically coupled to said discharge
device to provide an electrical response to an interruption of
illumination thereof;
h. a secondary lighting circuit;
i. switching means associated with said sensing circuit for
energizing said secondary lighting circuit from said battery upon
the occurrence of said electrical response; and
j. a time delay relay having a pair of contacts in circuit with
said secondary lighting circuit and an energization coil adapted
for energization by said primary power source, said contacts being
operative to open a predetermined interval after an interruption in
said primary source of power so that complete discharge of said
battery does not occur.
12. In an emergency lighting circuit for use with electrical
gaseous discharge lighting systems having a ballast circuit capable
of providing a potential sufficient to start gaseous discharge
lamps at room temperature but insufficient to start the lamps at
their normal operating temperature, the combination comprising,
a. input lines providing a primary source of power for said ballast
circuit;
b. a secondary power source;
c. a secondary lighting circuit, and
d. switching means coupled to said secondary lighting circuit and
responsive:
d1. to a momentary interruption of current through said gaseous
discharge lamps to energize said secondary lighting circuit from
said primary power source, and
d2. to an extended period of current interruption in said lamps to
energize said secondary lighting circuit from said secondary power
source.
13. The combination in an emergency lighting system according to
claim 12 wherein said secondary power source is a battery and
wherein said combination further includes;
e. a battery-charging circuit,
f. charge control means responsive to the substantially charged
condition of said battery to prevent overcharging thereof, and
g. discharge control means operative to disconnect said battery
from said secondary lighting circuit a predetermined time interval
after energization of said secondary lighting circuit from said
battery, whereby complete discharge of said battery is prevented.
Description
BACKGROUND
Electrical gaseous discharge lamps emit light by sustaining an arc
through a gas atmosphere in a bulb. Mercury vapor is a commonly
used gas for this purpose; consequently, mercury vapor lamps will
be used as an illustrative example of the primary illumination
source in the subsequent discussion of the invention. The voltage
required to sustain the arc in the lamp during ordinary operation
is substantially less than that required to strike the arc
initially. Thus the power to the mercury lamp is first channeled
through a "ballast" which serves to supply the lamp with a high
initial voltage to strike the arc and a lower sustaining (or
operating) voltage after the arc is made. As the lamp continues in
operation, it warms to a temperature considerably higher than that
of the air surrounding it. Eventually it will reach a state of
thermal equilibrium. Should the arc for any reason be extinguished
after the lamp has reached its operating temperature, a significant
problem will arise. The starting voltage required for a hot lamp is
significantly higher than that required for a cold lamp, the
voltage required being a function of temperature. Immediately after
the arc is extinguished, the starting voltage required may be many
times the cold starting voltage. It then decreases with the passage
of time as the lamp cools. The "ballast" or starting circuit for
electric discharge lamps is very often incapable of supplying this
unusually high starting voltage. Therefore, until the lamp cools
considerably the ballast will be unable to restrike the arc, this
cooling process typically requiring between 10 and 15 minutes.
During the cooling period the light will be completely out even
though the line voltage may have been only momentarily
interrupted.
Emergency lighting systems for providing illumination during a
momentary drop in line voltage to a mercury vapor lamp have been
proposed in the past. For instance, one prior circuit utilized an
emergency lamp connected in parallel with the primary electric
discharge lamp. When the primary lamp was extinguished by a
momentary drop is in the line voltage, the emergency lamp provided
an alternate path for the current and was illuminated. The
difficulty with this arrangement lies in the fact that no emergency
lighting is provided when the line current is interrupted for an
appreciable period.
DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The present invention overcomes the problems arising in prior
emergency lighting systems for electrical discharge lamps in a
manner heretofore untaught in the art.
It is an object of the present invention to provide an emergency
lighting system for use with electric discharge lamps by means of
which emergency illumination is provided whenever the power for the
discharge lamps is interrupted, whether the interruption be
momentary or prolonged.
It is another object of the present invention to provide an
emergency lighting system which derives its power from the normal
power source or line voltage when it is available, but which, when
the line voltage is not available, is supplied by its own
self-contained source of power.
It is a further object of the present invention to provide means
for detecting an interruption in the illumination of electric
discharge lamps whether that interruption be from a fluctuation in
the power supply to said lamps or from an inherent difficulty
arising in the lamps themselves.
A still further object of the present invention is the provision of
an emergency lighting system which is adaptable to a wide variety
of configurations of electric discharge lamps and power sources for
the same. It is a related object of the invention that the system
be simple, inexpensive and capable of operation with only a minimum
amount of electrical power.
Still another object of the present invention is the provision of
an emergency lighting system which is virtually maintenance-free
while being capable of many consecutive operations.
Other objects and advantages of the present invention will become
apparent upon reading the attached detailed description and upon
reference to the drawings in which:
FIG. 1 is a diagram of an emergency lighting system constructed in
accordance with the present invention; and
FIG. 2 is a diagram of an alternative embodiment of the present
invention.
While the invention has been described in connection with a
preferred embodiment, we do not intend to limit the invention to
the form set forth, but, on the contrary, we intend to cover such
alternatives, modifications and equivalents as may be included
within the spirit and scope of the invention.
Turning then to FIG. 1, there is shown a primary or main lighting
circuit including a pair of electrical discharge lamps 10, 11
connected in series, with their cases grounded via a line 12. A
ballast circuit 15 is provided for the purpose of supplying the
lamps 10, 11 with their required starting and operating voltages.
The ballast circuit 15 typically includes a transformer 16
consisting of primary and secondary windings 17, 18. It is also
common practice to use an autotransformer for this purpose in place
of the conventional transformer 16. The primary 17 of the
transformer 16 is connected to an alternating current power source
(not shown) via the lines 20, 21, one of which has a switch 22
thereacross for controlling the application of line voltage to the
circuit. One side of the winding 18 of the transformer 16 is
connected to the lamp 10 via a line 25 having an R-C dropping
circuit 26 disposed therein. The other side of the coil 18 is
connected to the lamp 11 through the energization coil 27 of a
relay 28 and through a heating resistor 29. The lamps 10, 11, R-C
dropping circuit 26, coil 27 and heating resistor 29 form a series
loop with the secondary winding 18 of the transformer 16.
The electrical discharge lamps 10, 11 are of the type having a
metal vapor; such as mercury vapor, contained therein for
sustaining an electrical arc between a pair of electrodes also
contained therein. The voltage required to sustain the arc during
ordinary operation is considerably less than that required to
strike the arc initially. The starting voltage depends to a great
extent on the temperature of the lamp. A heated lamp, such as one
which has just been turned off after operating for a prolonged
period, may require twice the starting potential needed for a cold
lamp. The ballast circuit 15 is designed to provide a high starting
voltage, but only sufficient to start a lamp at room temperature,
and a lower sustaining voltage after the arc is made. Since the
current flowing through the lamps 10, 11 is effectively zero before
the arc is struck and increases as the operating or sustaining
voltage decreases, a simple transformer such as that shown in 16 is
adequate and conventionally used as a ballast.
A problem arises when the arc in the lamps 10, 11 is extinguished,
the solution for which forms the basis of this invention. Until the
lamps 10, 11 cool down to near room temperature, the ballast
circuit 15 will be incapable of providing a sufficiently high
starting voltage to restrike the arc.
Therefore, in accordance with one aspect of the present invention,
a secondary lighting circuit is provided to furnish emergency
illumination when, for any reason, the arc in the lamps 10, 11 is
extinguished. To this end, an emergency lamp 40 is provided, which
is selectively connected via lines 41, 42 to power sources
hereinafter described. The emergency lamp 40 shown in FIG. 1 is
intended to be an incandescent lamp capable of either AC or DC
operation when supplied with a nominal voltage of 12 volts;
however, other lamps may serve equally well in the circuit with
only minor modifications.
For the purpose of providing an auxiliary power supply for the
emergency lamp 40 in the absence of a line voltage on the lines 20,
21 a storage battery 45 is furnished as a secondary power source. A
battery-charging circuit is also provided, including a transformer
47, a bridge rectifier 48 and a dropping impedance 49. A primary
winding 51 of the transformer 47 is connected via lines 53, 52 to
the power input lines 20, 21, respectively, while the secondary
winding 55 is connected across the input terminals 56, 57 of the
bridge rectifier 48. The bridge 48 consists of four diodes 60-63
arranged to provide a full-wave rectified signal across a pair of
output terminals 65, 66.
The transformer 47 has a plurality of contacts on its primary
winding 51 so that it is universally adaptable to a number of
conventional line voltages, such as those shown opposite the
primary terminals. Since the storage battery 45 is being charged
through the dropping impedance 49, it is desirable to supply the
input terminals 56, 57 of the bridge 48 with a peak voltage
somewhat higher than the nominal voltage of the battery 45. For
instance, if the battery 45 is fully chargeable to 12 volts, the
transformer 47 will typically be designed and connected to supply a
peak voltage of approximately 16 volts across its secondary winding
55.
For the purpose of controlling the charging current to the battery
45 and preventing an overcharge thereof, a pressure switch 75 is
connected between the battery 45 and its charging circuit. The
storage battery 45 may be of the nickel cadmium variety, in which
case a sensing element 76 of the pressure switch 75 will be
inserted to sense the pressure created by the emission of gases in
the cells of the battery during its charging process. As the
battery 45 reaches its fully charged state, the pressure detected
by the sensor 76 triggers the switch 75 to its open position, as
shown in FIG. 1. The use of such a protective device allows a more
substantial charging current to be applied to the storage battery
45 without any danger of damaging the cells. Also provided is a
means for limiting the time during which the storage battery 45 may
be discharged to supply a load. This function is accomplished in
the present case by a thermal time delay switch 79 which is
thermally coupled to the heating resistor 29 via a heat sink 80.
The heating resistor 29 is chosen for low resistance and high
wattage so that its temperature rises considerably, typically to
200.degree. F. or more, when current flows in the primary lighting
circuit. The thermal time switch 79 will close as the temperature
of the resistor 29 passes a fixed threshold. Because of an inherent
hysteresis effect in the thermal time switch 79, the temperature
created by the heating resistor 29 will have to drop somewhat below
this closing threshold temperature before the switch 79 will again
open. Typical of thermal time switches meeting the above
requirements is one designated Therm-O-Disk, type 60T22, a
single-pole, single-throw switch which closes at 190.degree. F. and
opens at 150.degree. F.
In accordance with another aspect of the present invention, the
secondary lighting circuit is selectively connected to be supplied
by the primary power source in the instance where power to the
lamps 10, 11 is only momentarily interrupted; while, alternatively,
this same circuit is connected to be supplied by the storage
battery 45 in the instance where the primary power is interrupted
for an extended period. To this end, the relay 28 has a contact arm
86 which, when in its normally closed condition, completes a
circuit with a tap 87 on the secondary winding 55 of the
transformer 47. A second contact arm 88 of the relay 28 couples the
dropping impedance 49 of the battery charging circuit to the
storage battery 45 when the relay is energized. A second relay 90
has a pair of contact arms 91, 92 and an energization coil 93
connected between one side of the secondary winding 55 of the
transformer 47 and the takeoff tap 87 of the same winding 55. The
contact arms 91, 92 have normally open and normally closed
positions for respectively connecting the emergency lamp to the
primary power source (via the relay 28 and the transformer 47) or
to the storage battery 45 (via the thermal time switch 79). The
takeoff tap 87 of the secondary winding 55 provides the necessary
AC voltage for driving the emergency lamp 40 and the relay coil 93.
In the present instance, both the lamp 40 and coil 93 are operative
at 12 volts AC, and the storage battery 45 has a fully charged
voltage of 12 volts DC.
To facilitate an understanding of the operation, assume first that
the switch 22 becomes closed to supply the ballast circuit 15 with
power via the power lines 20, 21. If the electrical discharge lamps
10, 11 have cooled to room temperature from any previous operation,
the ballast circuit 15 will provide a starting voltage sufficiently
high to strike the arc and illuminate the lamps 10, 11. Current
begins to flow through the primary lighting circuit, energizing the
coil 27 of the relay 28 and heating up the resistor 29. The contact
arms 86, 88 of the relay 28 move to their normally open positions,
as shown in FIG. 1. If the battery 45 is not already charged to its
fully charged state, the pressure switch 75 will be closed, and the
charging circuit will charge the battery via the transformer 47,
the bridge rectifier 48 and dropping impedance 49. When the battery
45 becomes fully charged, the pressure switch 75 opens. Meanwhile,
the heating resistor 29 has reached a temperature sufficient to
close the thermal time switch 79. The energization coil 93 of the
relay 90 has been energized by virtue of its connection to the
secondary of the transformer 47, and the contact arms 91, 92 have
moved to their normally open positions.
If a momentary fluctuation now occurs in the primary source
voltage, the lamps 10, 11 will be extinguished. If the lamps have
reached their operating temperature, the ballast circuit 15 will be
unable to provide a high enough voltage to restrike the arc. Even
though the primary power source is immediately reactivated, the
current through the lamp circuit is effectively zero. The relay 28
becomes deenergized, with the contact arms 86, 88 assuming their
normally closed positions. Since primary power was immediately
reestablished, the relay 90 remains energized to connect the
emergency lamp 40 to the primary power source via the transformer
47 and the contact arm 86 of the relay 28. Although the emergency
lamp 40 is providing illumination, there is no load put on the
battery 45. When the electrical discharge lamps 10, 11 cool
sufficiently, their arcs will be again struck by the ballast
circuit 15, and current will flow in the primary lighting circuit.
The relay 28 will become energized, disconnecting the emergency
lamp 40 from the primary power source.
If, instead of a momentary power interruption, there had been a
permanent power stoppage, such as when the main switch 22 is
opened, a different sequence of events would take place. The lamps
10, 11 would again be extinguished and the relay 28 would be
deenergized. Since primary voltage is no longer supplied to the
transformer 47, the relay 90 would also be deenergized, connecting
the emergency lamp 40 across the storage battery 45 via the thermal
time switch 79. The emergency lamp 40 would glow to illuminate the
area until the heating resistor 29, which is now deprived of
current, cools sufficiently to open the thermal time switch 79.
After 10 to 15 minutes, the switch 79 opens and the emergency lamp
40 goes off. If the switch 22 is closed at any time during the time
delay period of the switch 79, the relay 90 will be energized to
disconnect the lamp 40 from the battery 45. Depending upon whether
the discharge lamps 10, 11 have cooled sufficiently to allow
ignition by the ballast circuit 15, the illumination for the area
will then be supplied by the discharge lamps 10, 11 or the
emergency lamp 40 (via the primary power source instead of the
battery 45).
If the above-described circuit is part of a lighting system which
is used every evening, it is seen that the emergency lamp 40 will
be operative for a period of time after the primary lighting
circuit is turned off in the morning; the storage battery 45 will
partially discharge every morning and will be recharged every
evening when the primary power is turned on. Such a
discharge-charge cycle extends the life of the battery.
An alternative embodiment of the present invention is shown in FIG.
2. This embodiment is similar in several ways to that shown in FIG.
1; consequently, the reference numbers for the elements of FIG. 1
are carried over to those elements of FIG. 2 which provide an
identical function, with the addition of subscripts. All of the
alternative features shown in FIG. 2 are applicable to the
preferred embodiment shown in FIG. 1; therefore, all modifications
to either circuit incorporating features of the other are within
the scope of the present invention.
Turning then to FIG. 2, there is shown an electrical discharge lamp
10a connected for energization by a ballast circuit 15a. The
ballast circuit primary winding 17a is coupled to a primary source
of power on the lines 20a and 21a. It will be noted that the lamp
10a is connected directly across the secondary winding 18a of the
ballast circuit 15a, forming an integrated unit for connection to
the AC power lines.
A secondary or emergency power source is provided by a battery 45a,
the charge of which is maintained by a battery-charging circuit in
a manner similar but not identical to that described for the
preferred embodiment. In this case, the battery-charging circuit is
selectively controlled to provide a fast charge or a trickle charge
to the battery 45a, the rate of charge depending upon the voltage
existing across the battery. To this end, the battery-charging
circuit includes a transformer. 47a connected to the primary power
source via lines 52a, 53a. The transformer output is fed to a
bridge rectifier 48a, which provides full-wave rectification at the
terminals 65a and 66a. A charging current is selectively applied to
the battery 45a through a low-impedance path consisting of a fixed
resistor 49a and a variable resistance 49b or through a
high-impedance path consisting of a fixed resistor 49c and a
variable resistor 49d. For sensing the voltage across the battery
45a there is provided a relay 100 having an energization coil 101
and a contact arm 102, the coil 101 being in series with a variable
resistor 104 connected across the battery 45a. The resistance 104
is preset so that the coil 101 is energized as the storage battery
45a reaches its full operating voltage. Energization of the coil
101 trips the contact arm 102, switching the output terminal 66a of
the bridge 48 from the low-impedance path (resistors 49a, 49b) to
the high-impedance path (resistors 49c, 49d). In this way a switch
from a fast charge rate to a slow charge rate is accomplished,
protecting the storage battery 45a from overcharging.
A secondary lighting circuit including a lamp 40a is disposed for
connection across the storage battery 45a in a manner hereinafter
described.
For responding to the interruption of illumination of the primary
lighting source there is provided a light-sensing circuit having
its own DC power supply 110, a photosensitive device 111 and a
relay 112. The photosensitive device 111 in this case is a
photoresistor of the type having a very high resistance value in
darkness and a very low resistance value in the presence of light.
The DC power supply for the sensing circuit includes a bridge
rectifier 115 consisting of four diodes 116-119 connected across
the primary source of power on the lines 20a and 21a. A pair of
output terminals 120, 121 of the bridge 115 supply a full-wave
rectified AC signal across a capacitor 123, the capacitor 123
serving to reduce the ripple component of the signal. In a series
loop with the power supply 110 is a variable control resistance
125, the photosensitive device 111 and the energization coil 127 of
the relay 112. The relay 112 has a normally closed contact arm 128
connecting one terminal 41a of the lamp 40a to one side of the
storage battery 45a.
In operation, the relay 112 will not become energized until the
current flowing through the coil 127 becomes sufficiently high.
This current is determined by the variable resistance 125 and the
photoresistor 111. While the arc is ignited in the lamp 10a, the
resistance of the photo device 111 is sufficiently low to allow a
high current to flow through the sensing circuit, causing the relay
112 to be energized, disconnecting the lamp 40a from the storage
battery 45a. As described previously, a momentary interruption in
the primary power source will cause the lamp 10a to be extinguished
until it cools sufficiently to be restarted by the ballast circuit
15a. During this period of darkness the resistance of the photo
device 111 becomes extremely high, decreasing the current through
and deenergizing the relay 112. The contact arm 128 assumes its
normally closed position, connecting the terminal 41a of the lamp
40a to the storage battery 45a, enabling the secondary lighting
circuit to provide emergency illumination. The relay 112 will
remain deenergized until the arc is again struck in the discharge
lamp 10a.
In accordance with another feature of the present invention, means
are provided for disabling the secondary lighting circuit when the
primary power source has been interrupted or disconnected for a
prolonged period of time. This is desirable to prevent the lamp 40a
from completely discharging the storage battery 45a when the
primary power is not available to recharge the battery. In the
previous embodiment the thermal switch 79 provided this feature,
whereas in the present embodiment a time delay relay 141 is
provided, having its coil 142 connected across the primary power
lines 20a, 21a. The device 141 has a normally open contact arm 143
in series with the lamp 40a of the secondary lighting circuit.
While the primary power source is operative, the relay 141 is
energized, so that the illumination sensing circuit operates in the
manner described above, causing the lamp 40a to be illuminated when
the discharge lamp 10a is extinguished. A time delay relay may be
chosen which has a delay time of 10 minutes. Assuming this delay,
it is seen that the secondary lighting circuit will be disabled
from the battery 45a in 10 minutes after the primary power becomes
inoperative. If the interruption of primary power is only
momentary, or less than 10 minutes, the coil 142 of the relay 141
will be reenergized before the contact arm 143 opens, and the lamp
40a will provide continuous illumination until the discharge lamp
10a is reactivated. It will be noted, therefore, that the lamp 40a
will provide illumination for 10 minutes after the lighting system
is turned off in the morning in similar fashion to the operation of
the preferred embodiment of FIG. 1. The battery 45a will experience
the same advantageous charge-discharge daily cycling described
above for the previous embodiment.
From the above description it will be evident that there has been
brought to the art a novel emergency lighting system for use with
mercury vapor lamps or the like which is efficient and virtually
maintenance-free and which may be used with a variety of different
lighting systems with only minor modifications.
* * * * *