U.S. patent number 3,635,601 [Application Number 05/062,359] was granted by the patent office on 1972-01-18 for fail-safe multiple product aspirator.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Economics Laboratory, Inc.. Invention is credited to Spencer B. Larson, Carl A. Miller.
United States Patent |
3,635,601 |
Larson , et al. |
January 18, 1972 |
FAIL-SAFE MULTIPLE PRODUCT ASPIRATOR
Abstract
Apparatus including a dual product venturi aspirator and a
fail-safe diaphragm valve. A first venturi aspirator is utilized to
draw a first additive (e.g. an alkaline cleanser) into a carrier
liquid (e.g. water) flowing therethrough and, similarly, a second
additive (e.g. a chlorinating agent) is drawn by a second venturi
into a carrier liquid flowing therethrough. A fail-safe elastic
diaphragm centrally mounted between the two aspirators and in
communication therewith is operable thereby for automatically
terminating the aspiration of either one of the two additives upon
the exhaustion of the supply of the other additive, thereby
assuring simultaneous injection of the two additives into a
cleansing system. Fail-safe apparatus for providing simultaneous
injection of three additives is also disclosed.
Inventors: |
Larson; Spencer B. (New
Brighton, MN), Miller; Carl A. (St. Paul, MN) |
Assignee: |
Economics Laboratory, Inc. (St.
Paul, MN)
|
Family
ID: |
22041953 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/062,359 |
Filed: |
August 10, 1970 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
417/191; 137/100;
137/113 |
Current CPC
Class: |
G05D
11/006 (20130101); B01F 5/0421 (20130101); F04F
5/464 (20130101); D06F 39/022 (20130101); Y10T
137/2569 (20150401); Y10T 137/2521 (20150401) |
Current International
Class: |
F04F
5/00 (20060101); D06F 39/02 (20060101); G05D
11/00 (20060101); F04F 5/46 (20060101); F04f
005/48 (); G05d 011/00 () |
Field of
Search: |
;417/191,190,182.5
;137/100,111,101.11,113 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Foreign Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Croyle; Carlton R.
Assistant Examiner: Gluck; R. E.
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. Apparatus comprising:
a. a valve body defining a cavity therein;
b. valving means positioned in said cavity and dividing said cavity
into first and second valving compartments;
c. means defining first and second fluid product inlet ports in
said valve body in communication with said first and second valving
compartments, respectively; and
d. fluid pumping means in communication with each of said first and
second valving compartments for separately exhausting therefrom the
fluid products introducible therein through said first and second
product inlet ports, respectively; and
e. said valving means is operable by said fluid pumping means for
movement between an essentially equilibrium position allowing
simultaneous fluid flow into said first and second valving
compartments and a nonequilibrium position terminating the fluid
flow into one of said first and second valving compartments on the
termination of the flow of fluid product introducible into the
other of said first and second valving compartments.
2. The apparatus of claim 1 including first and second fluid
passageways in communication with said first and second valving
compartments, respectively, for providing fluid product flow
therefrom wherein said valving means is operable by said fluid
pumping means to terminate said fluid product flow in one of said
first and second fluid passageways on the termination of said fluid
product flow in the other of said passageways.
3. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein said pumping means includes
first and second fluid aspirator means in communication with said
first and second valving compartments, respectively, for providing
said fluid flow into said first and second valving compartments,
exhausting the fluids products from the first and second valving
compartments, and for operating said valve means between said
equilibrium and nonequilibrium positions.
4. The apparatus of claim 3 wherein said first and second fluid
aspirator means include first and second venturi-type aspirators,
respectively.
5. The apparatus of claim 4 wherein said valving means includes a
generally elastic diaphragm member moveable between said
equilibrium position and first and second nonequilibrium positions
wherein fluid flow into one of said first and second valving
compartments is terminated.
6. Dual product aspirator-valving apparatus, comprising:
a. a valve body;
b. means defining a cavity in said valve body;
c. valving means positioned within said cavity and dividing said
cavity into first and second fluidtight valving compartments;
d. first and second inlet ports in said body in communication with
said first and second fluidtight valving compartments,
respectively, suitable for introducing a first fluid product into
said first compartment and a second fluid product into said second
compartment;
e. first and second venturi aspirator means positioned within said
valve body including inlet and outlet ports for allowing passage of
a carrier fluid therethrough; and
f. means defining first and second passageways operably
interconnecting said first and second valving compartments and said
first and second aspirators, respectively, for allowing aspiration
of the first and second fluid products by said first and second
aspirators, respectively, and for allowing operation of said
valving means by said aspirators to terminate the aspiration of one
of said fluid products upon exhaustion of the supply of said other
fluid product.
7. The apparatus of claim 6 wherein:
a. said valving means comprises a generally elastic diaphragm
member; and
b. said first and second valving compartments are of substantially
identical shape.
8. The apparatus of claim 7 wherein:
a. said valve body includes first and second body sections each
having an outwardly extending angular flange portion; and
b. said angular flange portions of said first and second body
sections are positioned adjacent one another so as to form said
cavity in said valve body.
9. The apparatus of claim 8 wherein:
a. said flange portions of said first and second body sections
include an outer end portion extending radially outward from said
respective first and second body sections; and
b. said flexible diaphragm member includes an outer portion thereof
positioned between said outer end portions of said flanges and
tautly held thereby.
10. Apparatus comprising:
a. means defining a plurality of valving chambers;
b. valving means positioned within each of said valving chambers
and dividing each of said chambers into first and second valving
compartments;
c. a fluid product inlet port in each of said valving compartments
for introducing a fluid product therein;
d. a fluid product outlet port in each of said valving compartments
for exhausting therefrom the fluid introduced therein through said
inlet port;
e. fluid conduit means in communication with a first plurality of
said product inlet ports and a first plurality of said product
outlet ports for interconnecting each of said first and second
valving compartments with another of said first and second valving
compartments; and
f. fluid pumping means in communication with the remaining
plurality of product outlet ports for exhausting fluid products
from each of the first and second valving compartments and for
operating said valving means to terminate communication between
said pumping means and each of said valving compartments having
fluid product introducible therein upon the termination of a flow
of product introducible into another of said valving compartments.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention pertains to fail-safe multiple product
injection apparatus.
In a variety of applications, it is desirable to inject two or more
fluid products or additives into a carrier fluid. For example, in
various cleansing systems such as the machine-dishwashing systems
utilized in connection with practically all commercial dining
facilities and in a rapidly increasing number of private homes, it
is quite common to add to the wash water both a caustic material
(e.g., an alkaline compound) and a chlorinating agent to provide
optimum cleansing and germicidal properties. Since additive
solutions of alkaline and chlorine compounds are chemically
incompatible at full strength, the additives are generally stored
in separate containers and individually injected into the wash
water wherein the diluted additives are chemically compatible and
provide the desired cleansing and germicidal action.
In cleansing systems, such as machine dishwashing systems, problems
have previously been encountered in (1) efficiently and reliably
injecting the additives into the wash water and (2) detecting the
exhaustion of the supply of one or more of the additives. To
illustrate, a conductivity cell is commonly positioned in the wash
solution for determining changes in the conductivity thereof,
thereby indicating by means of some alarm device the change in
conductivity resulting from the exhaustion of the supply of the
additives. Frequently, however, the exhaustion of the supply of
only one of the additives does not sufficiently change the
conductivity of the wash solution so as to be detectable by the
conductivity cell. Consequently, it has generally been necessary to
visually inspect the additive supplies at regular intervals to
assure that a supply has not become exhausted. Such an inspection
is rendered difficult and undesirable by the fact that it is quite
common to store the additives in sealed containers positioned at a
location not readily accessible to the operator of the cleansing
system. Thus, apparatus for separately injecting products into a
carrier fluid in a reliable manner and for assuring the
simultaneous injection of the products (i.e., preventing injection
of a nonexhausted product upon the exhaustion of the supply of one
or more of the other products) is commercially highly
desirable.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention provides apparatus including a valve body
having valving means positioned within a cavity therein; the cavity
being divided by the valving means into first and second valving
compartments. The valve body further includes first and second
product inlet ports therein in communication with the first and
second valving compartments, respectively. Fluid pumping means in
communication with the first and second valving compartments
provides pumping action for separately exhausting the fluid
products introducible into the first and second valving
compartments. The valving means is operable by the fluid-pumping
means and, prior to the exhaustion of the supply of one of the
products, maintains an equilibrium or balanced position allowing
simultaneous pumping of the additive products. Upon exhaustion of
one of the fluid product supplies, the dual pumping action causes
the valving means to move to an unbalanced position terminating
communication between the pumping means and the valving compartment
having a nonexhausted supply of fluid product introducible therein.
In one preferred embodiment, the valving means comprises a
diaphragm member and the pumping action is provided by first and
second venturi aspirators in communication with the first and
second compartments, respectively. In this embodiment, the
diaphragm valve is operable by the dual aspirating action to
prevent aspiration of nonexhausted fluid products upon exhaustion
of the supply of one of the fluid products.
The invention described summarily above provides several distinct
and highly desirable advantages. First, the fail-safe valving means
terminates the injection of a fluid product having a nonexhausted
supply after the exhaustion of one of the other fluid product
supplies. By utilizing the power inherent in the system (e.g., the
power provided by the venturi aspirators) an inexpensive, simple
and fail-safe device is provided for assuring the product shutoff
in one product supply line in the event a second product supply has
been exhausted. This assures that the apparatus will always feed a
multiple number of products (i.e., two or more products)
simultaneously. Secondly, the invention provides a highly efficient
aspirator network for drawing fluid products from their remote
supply location and separately injecting the same into the fluid
carrier flowing through the drawing aspirator. As will become
apparent from reading the description hereinbelow, numerous
additional advantages are provided by the present invention.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 illustrates a cross-sectional top view of a preferred
embodiment for providing fail-safe dual product injection and
illustrating the valving diaphragm in its equilibrium position;
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view similar to FIG. 1 illustrating the
displacement of the valving diaphragm so as to prevent the
aspiration of a nonexhausted liquid product; and
FIG. 3 is a schematic illustration of an embodiment for providing
fail-safe injection of three liquid products.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Referring to FIG. 1, a unitary valve body, generally designated 10,
includes first and second body sections 12 and 14, respectively,
and a valving means 16 positioned within a cavity defined thereby.
Body sections 12 and 14 are joined by means such as screws, glue or
the like (not shown) to form unitary valve body 10. In the
illustrated embodiment, first and second body sections 12 and 14
are mirror images of one another and include flange portions 12 a
and 14 a, respectively, extending angularly outward from the
longitudinal axis of the main body portion. The flange portions 12
a and 14 a include outer end portions extending radially outward
from the longitudinal axis of body 10.
The angularly extending flange portions 12 a and 14 a form a cavity
or opening within unitary body 10. A valving means, such as an
elastic diaphragm member 16, is positioned within the cavity and
tautly held by insertion thereof between the radial end portions of
flanges 12 a and 14 a. In its balanced or equilibrium position
(illustrated in FIG. 1), elastic diaphragm member 16 divides the
cavity into identical first and second valving compartments 24 and
25. As will be described more fully hereinbelow and as illustrated
in FIG. 2, the inner portion of elastic diaphragm 16 is
displaceable and occupies either one of two extreme positions in
its unbalanced state.
Pumping means illustrated generally as a first venturi-type
aspirator 30 is positioned within body section 12. An externally
threaded inlet port 31 is in communication with aspirator 30. A
conduit 32 having an internally threaded coupling portion 32 a is
threadedly coupled to inlet port 31 and and has an opposite end
thereof (not shown) connected to a source of a carrier fluid (not
shown) such as water. A passageway 33 of the venturi 30 is
connected to an outlet port 34. A fragmented conduit 35 has a
coupling portion 35 35a threadably coupled to outlet port 34. A
passageway 36 operably interconnects first valving compartment 14
and venturi 30. A first fluid product inlet port 37 is in threaded
engagement with a coupling portion 38a of a first product feedline
38. A passageway 39 having a restricted flow portion 39 a
interconnects first product inlet port 37 and first valving
compartment 24 for introducing a product therein.
Similarly, body section 14 includes pumping means illustrated
generally as a venturi-type aspirator 40. Carrier fluid flow
through aspirator 40 is provided by the introduction of water into
body portion 14 through inlet port 41. A conduit 42 having a
coupling end portion 42a in threaded engagement with inlet port 41
is connected, for most applications, to the same supply of carrier
fluid (not shown) as conduit 32. A passageway 43 of the venturi 40
is connected to an outlet port 44. A fragmented conduit 45 having a
coupling end portion 45a is threadedly engaged with outlet port 44.
A passageway 46 in body section 14 operably interconnects valving
compartment 25 and venturi 40. A second product inlet port 47 is
threadedly engaged to an internally threaded coupling portion 48a
of a second product feedline 48. A passageway 49 having a
restricted flow portion 49a interconnects second product inlet port
47 and second valving compartment 25 for introducing a product
therein.
In utilizing the above-described fail-safe dual product aspirator
in conjunction with a cleansing system such as a machine
dishwasher, the first fluid product or additive will commonly be a
caustic material such as an alkaline cleanser and the second
additive will commonly be a chlorinating agent. In such an
application, conduits 35 and 45 will be interconnected by a mixing
valve (not shown) and a single solution feedline will be connected
to the dishwasher. It should be understood, however, that the
present invention has application in numerous systems (other than
in conjunction with a cleansing system) wherein it is desirable to
assure simultaneous injection of two or more additives.
Body sections 12 and 14 comprising unitary valve body 10 can be
manufactured from numerous materials. For example, polypropylene
has proven to be one desirable material as a result of its high
chemical resistance and relative inexpensiveness. The venturi
aspirators 30 and 40 are preferably molded in the respective body
sections during the manufacture thereof. As illustrated, the
passageways 33 and 43 of aspirators 30 and 40, respectively, are
slightly flared; such a flare characteristic having been found to
increase the efficiency of the aspirator. However, it should be
understood that the aspirators can also be located separate from
valve body 10. Further, it should be understood that aspirators 30
and 40 can be replaced by other pumping means such as a
conventional electromechanical pump connected to the respective
valving compartments by suitable conduit means. Such other pumping
means would exhaust the additives introducible into the valving
compartments and operate the valving means in a manner similar to
that described in conjunction with the venturi aspirators.
The valving means has been illustrated and described as a flexible
diaphragm member. Diaphragm member 16 can be composed of various
materials. For example, ethylene propylene is highly desirable as a
result of its high resistance to attack by chemicals. In the
embodiment illustrated, diaphragm 16 has a diameter of
approximately 21/2 inches and a thickness in the order of three
thirty-second inches. It should be understood, however, that other
valving means will also suffice for purposes of the present
invention. For example, elastic diaphragm member 16 can be replaced
by alternative valving means such as a conventional check valve,
bellows or pistons. The alternative valve means would, of course,
operate on the same principle as described in conjunction with
elastic diaphragm member 16.
In the operation of the embodiment illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 2, a
pressurized flow of carrier fluid (e.g., water) is pumped through
aspirators 30 and 40; the waterflow entering valve body 10 through
inlet ports 31 and 41, flowing through aspirators 30 and 40 and
exiting the valving body through outlet ports 34 and 44,
respectively. As the pressurized water flows through the
aspirators, a partial vacuum is generated by each of the
aspirators. The partial vacuum draws the first and second additives
from their storage containers (at atmospheric pressure) through
their respective feedlines and inlet ports into first and second
valving compartments 24 and 25. The additives introduced into the
respective valving compartments are drawn therethrough into the
passageways 36 and 46 and separately injected into the water
flowing through each aspirator. As the first and second liquid
additives flow over the opposite sides of elastic diaphragm 16, the
diaphragm is maintained in a balanced or equilibrium position as
illustrated in FIG. 1. However, upon the termination of the supply
of one of the additives (e.g., by the exhaustion of the supply of
the additive connected to conduit 38), air is drawn into valving
compartment 24 rather than the liquid additive. The flow of air
into compartment 24 reduces the vacuum therein upsetting the force
balance on opposite sides of diaphragm 16 and resulting in the
diaphragm moving toward the port in passageway 46; the port
projecting slightly into valving compartment 24 and serving as an
additive outlet port for the valving compartment. This force
differential on opposite sides of diaphragm 16 causes the diaphragm
to continue to move toward the port in passageway 46 until it
engages or contacts therewith closing passageway 46 to the
transmission of any additive therethrough. Thus, aspirators 30 and
40 function in conjunction with one another and with diaphragm 16
to terminate the injection of the additive supplied through
feedline 45 on the termination of the flow of the additive supplied
through feedline 35.
Alternatively, the inner portion of flexible diaphragm member 16
(i.e., that portion not fixedly held between the outer flange
portions) is displaceable by the action of aspirators 30 and 40 so
as to occupy a second extreme position (not shown) in which member
16 engages the valving compartment port in passageway 36 and
prevents additive flow therethrough upon the exhaustion of the
supply of additive supplied through feedline 45. Upon replenishment
of the exhausted additive supply, the diaphragm returns to its
equilibrium position and simultaneous aspiration of both additives
occurs.
In the three product fail-safe injection apparatus illustrated in
FIG. 3, a valving body 50 has included therein three valving
cavities or chambers 51, 52 and 53. A valving means illustrated as
diaphragm members 55, 56 and 57 is positioned within each of the
chambers and divide chambers 51, 52 and 53 into pairs of first and
second valving compartments 51a and 51b, 52a and 52b, and 53a and
53b, respectively. As illustrated, each of the valving compartments
has an additive or product inlet port and a product outlet port
therein. Product inlet conduits 60, 61 and 62 are in communication
with inlet ports in valving compartments 51a, 51b, and 52b,
remotely positioned supply of product (not shown). Product outlet
conduits 64, 65 and 66 are in communication with outlet ports in
valving compartments 53a, 53b, and 52a, respectively, and pumping
means shown schematically as aspirators 70, 71 and 72,
respectively. Fluid conduit means 80, 81 and 82 provide
communication between the inlet and outlet ports in valving
compartments 51a and 53.sup. a, 51b and 52a, and 52b and 53b,
respectively, so as to interconnect each valving compartment in one
of the pairs of valving compartments with a valving compartment in
another of the pairs.
The three product fail-safe apparatus operates on the same
principle as described previously. For example, the exhaustion of
the product supplied by feedline 60 results in (1 ) diaphragm 55
terminating the flow of the second product (i.e., the product
supplied by feedline 61) beyond valving compartment 51b and (2 )
diaphragm 57 terminating the flow of the third product (i.e.,
product supplied by feedline 62) beyond valving compartment 53b.
Thus, aspiration of the two nonexhausted products is terminated
upon exhaustion of any one of the products. This principle of
operation can, of course, be further extended to provide fail-safe
injection of more than three products.
The present invention provides fail-safe multiple product (i.e.,
two or more products) injection; the injection of the nonexhausted
products being terminated upon the termination or exhaustion of the
supply of any one of the other products. In the preferred
embodiment, highly efficient venturi-type aspirators are utilized
to aspirate the products and to operate the fail-safe valving
apparatus. Aspirators of the type described are capable of readily
drawing liquid additives through vertical lifts in the range of
15-20 feet and over substantially greater horizontal distances.
Such aspiration distances are obtained utilizing a carrier fluid
(e.g., water) pressure in the range of 20-40 pounds per square
inch. As is apparent from the above description, the multiple
product aspirator provided by the present invention is of simple
design, fail-safe and inexpensive to manufacture.
* * * * *