U.S. patent number 3,635,405 [Application Number 05/087,075] was granted by the patent office on 1972-01-18 for aerator construction.
Invention is credited to Harold Shames, Sidney J. Shames.
United States Patent |
3,635,405 |
Shames , et al. |
January 18, 1972 |
AERATOR CONSTRUCTION
Abstract
An inexpensive faucet aerator is provided by three molded parts
and a thin metal cup that holds two of the molded parts in
assembled relationship. The first molded part is an elongated
annulus provided with upstream and downstream recesses separated by
an inner ring that helps to break up the liquid flow and serves as
an abutment to support a second molded, jet-forming, part in the
upstream recess and is arranged to be engaged by the third, molded,
part located in the downstream recess and aiding in defining air
intake means to the aerator.
Inventors: |
Shames; Sidney J. (Briarcliff
Manor, NY), Shames; Harold (Ardsley, NY) |
Family
ID: |
22202968 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/087,075 |
Filed: |
November 5, 1970 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
239/428.5 |
Current CPC
Class: |
E03C
1/084 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
E03C
1/02 (20060101); E03C 1/084 (20060101); E03c
001/084 () |
Field of
Search: |
;239/428.5,DIG.18,DIG.19 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Foreign Patent Documents
Other References
Advertising Sheet on "Bubble Stream" Aerator, Mar. 3,
1964,.
|
Primary Examiner: Schacher; Richard A.
Assistant Examiner: Thieme; Reinhold W.
Claims
What we claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the
United States is:
1. In a faucet aerator of the type that provides a mixing chamber
having upstream and downstream ends, water-jet defining means at
the upstream end of said chamber, air intake means to said chamber,
and at least one screen adjacent the downstream end of said
chamber, the improvement comprising, in combination: three annular
molded parts, a first of said molded parts being axially elongated
and having integral therewith an inner annular ring located between
the ends of the part to provide spaced upstream and downstream
recesses, the second molded part being of a size and shape to aid
in providing water-jets and to enter the upstream recess and to be
retained therein in operative position by gravity, the third molded
part being of a size and shape to aid in defining the air intake
and to support a screen and to enter the downstream recess to abut
a portion of said inner annular ring, and an elongated annulus of
metal with an inturned flange at one end arranged to surround the
first said part with said flange engaging the third part and with
the other end gripping the first part to hold the third part in
assembled position.
2. A construction as in claim 1 wherein the first molded part with
an integral inner annular ring is provided with a sleevelike
centering section immediately upstream of the annular ring and an
annular shoulder spaced upstream of the annular ring and bounding
the upstream end of the centering section, and the second molded
part having an out-turned flange of a size to slide fit into the
sleevelike centering section, and to have the upstream side thereof
coplanar with said annular shoulder so that said coplanar surfaces
are adapted to provide a seat for a sealing washer.
3. A construction as in claim 1 wherein inner annular ring on the
first molded part provides an upstream surface that curves
downstream moving radially inwardly and terminates at an innermost
edge, and the second molded part being cup-shaped with an
out-turned flange engaging the upstream side of the inner annular
ring, a series of spaced apertures in the sidewall of the
cup-shaped part located upstream of the innermost edge of the inner
annular ring, and the portion of the cup-shaped part downstream of
the apertures extending in spaced relation concentrically of and
downstream past the innermost edge of the inner annular ring to
provide a constricted annular flow passageway through which water
enters the mixing chamber.
4. A construction as in claim 1 wherein the portion of the first
molded member that bounds the downstream recess provides a
cylindrical wall, the third molded member including a cylindrical
sleeve element spaced concentrically inwardly of the said
cylindrical wall of the first member and spaced from the downstream
side of the inner annular ring to define an airflow passageways,
and a plurality of spacer ribs integral with the cylindrical sleeve
and of greater axial length than the sleeve and extending outwardly
of the sleeve, said ribs being adapted to engage the downstream
side of the inner annular ring and the inner cylindrical wall of
the first molded part to provide proper interfitting of the
members.
5. A construction as in claim 4 wherein the axial length of the
cylindrical sleeve is such that the upstream edge of said sleeve
lies at least as close to the downstream side of the inner annular
ring as the furthermost downstream extent of the second molded
part.
6. A construction as in claim 1 wherein the portion of the first
molded member bounding the downstream recess provides a cylindrical
wall spaced downstream of the inner annular ring, and a
frustoconical wall extending between the upstream edge of said
cylindrical wall and the downstream side of said inner annular
ring, and the third molded member including a cylindrical sleeve
element spaced concentrically inwardly of the said cylindrical wall
of the first member to define an airflow passageway therebetween,
and a plurality of spacer ribs integral with the cylindrical sleeve
and extending outwardly thereof and upstream of the cylindrical
sleeve element and being shaped to complement both the inner
cylindrical wall and frustoconical wall of the first molded part to
insure proper interfitting of the members.
7. A construction as in claim 1 wherein the first molded member
provides a section of outer periphery, spaced upstream of the
downstream end of said member, that tapers frustoconically inwardly
to provide a retainer means for the metal annulus that is adapted
to have a section of the metal annulus forced inwardly thereagainst
after telescoping of the metal annulus onto the first molded
member.
8. A construction as in claim 4 wherein a portion of the second
member extends downstream through the central opening of the inner
annular ring and also concentrically of the cylindrical sleeve of
the third molded member to a position downstream of the upstream
end of said cylindrical sleeve.
9. In a faucet aerator of the type that provides a mixing chamber
having upstream and downstream ends, water-jet defining means at
the upstream end of said chamber, air intake means to said chamber,
and at least one screen adjacent the downstream end of said
chamber, the improvement comprising, in combination: three annular
molded parts, a first of said molded parts being axially elongated
and having integral therewith an inner annular ring with an
impingement surface thereon located between the ends of the part,
the second molded part being of a size and shape to aid in
providing water-jets and to enter a recess defined in the first
molded part upstream of the inner annular ring and to be supported
by said annular ring in operative position by gravity, the third
molded part being of a size and shape to aid in defining the air
intake and to support a screen, said third molded part being
positioned to abut said first molded part downstream of the
impingement surface of the inner annular ring, and an elongated
annulus of metal with an inturned flange at one end arranged to
surround a portion of the first said part with said flange engaging
the third part and with a portion of the metal annulus gripping the
first part to hold the third part in assembled position.
10. In a liquid aerator of the type that provides means for
breaking up liquid jets to effect a mixing of liquid with air
before the mixture issues from the aerator, the improvement
comprising, in combination: an annular outer member providing
thereon an innermost ring with a convex impingement surface on said
ring curving radially inwardly and downstream to an innermost
annular edge; a jet-forming means including an annular upright wall
positioned concentrically of said annular outer member and spaced
inwardly of said innermost annular edge to provide between said
upright wall and said innermost edge a constructed downstream
annular passageway through which liquid is discharged in
noncoherent form for mixing with air ingested into the aerator,
said jet-forming means including a plurality of axially elongated
slots through said upright wall, the lower edge of said slots
terminating at a point spaced upstream of the innermost annular
edge, whereby liquid flow through said slots operates to direct
jets of liquid outwardly against said convex impingement surface to
be partly broken up and to be reflected back inwardly against the
annular upright wall before passing downstream through said
constricted downstream annular passageway.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Faucet aerators of many different forms are known in the prior art.
In substantially all such aerators, water-jet forming means, of one
or more nozzles located at one or more upstream locations,
discharge water at high speed into a mixing chamber into which air
is ingested by the local drop in static pressure. Means for mixing
the water and air are provided, and screenlike flow straightening
and mixing means may be provided at the discharge end of the mixing
chamber. In some forms of aerator constructions an abutment is
provided against which the jets are impinged to effect minute break
up of the water jets prior to mixing with air. In other forms air
is drawn into the mixing chamber through air passageways that
extend from adjacent the outlet of the aerator in a direction
opposite to the direction of waterflow before entering the mixing
chamber and then moving downstream with the mixture of water and
air.
Although originally constructed entirely of brass parts, or molded
of rubber and arranged to receive a plurality of jet-forming metal
discs and screens, the trend of construction has constantly been to
seek less expensive constructions. It has heretofore been suggested
to mold at least some aerator parts of plastic. However, practical
experience has shown until now that the most satisfactory aerator
constructions require at least some internal parts being formed of
metal.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
It is an object of this invention to provide a water aerator with
desirable performance characteristics wherein all the internal
parts except the discharge screen are molded of plastic.
It is another object of this invention to provide a water aerator
that is primarily constructed of three molded plastic parts that
are so designed and arranged as to provide for convenience in
assembly and results in an aerator characterized by inexpensiveness
of fabrication and effectiveness of performance.
And a further object of this invention is to provide a water
aerator that is primarily constructed of molded plastic parts that
are clamped together in assembled relation by a thin-walled metal
sleeve that also serves as the exterior casing of the aerator.
Further objects and advantages of this invention will become
apparent as the following description proceeds and the features of
novelty which characterize this invention will be pointed out with
particularity in the claims annexed to and forming part of this
specification.
A preferred embodiment of the invention is shown in the
accompanying drawing.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING
FIG. 1 is an illustrative perspective view of a typical water
faucet provided with a water aerator embodying the invention;
FIG. 2 is a greatly enlarged vertical cross-sectional view through
the aerator of FIG. 1 and is taken substantially on line 2--2 of
FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a bottom plan view of the aerator of FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 is a fragmentary top plan view taken substantially on line
4--4 of FIG. 2;
FIG. 5 is an exploded view of the parts of the aerator shown in
FIG. 2;
FIG. 6 is a view similar to FIG. 2 but showing a modified form of
construction utilizing a female-threaded upstream coupling as
contrasted to the male-threaded upstream coupling shown in FIG.
2;
FIG. 7 is a view similar to FIG. 2 but showing another modified
form of construction; and
FIG. 8 is a view similar to FIG. 5 showing an exploded perspective
view of the parts of the aerator shown in FIG. 7.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
Referring now to the drawings the discharge end of spout 10 of
faucet F is provided with an aerator 12 embodying the instant
invention. The spout 10, as shown in FIG. 2, is female threaded at
14 and is provided with a seal seat 16 spaced upstream of the
spout's lower terminus 18.
The aerator 12, as best seen in exploded view of FIG. 5 in addition
to an upstream resilient seal washer 20 and a downstream screen 22
at the discharge end of the mixing chamber of the aerator, includes
only four parts, three of which are the internal parts of the
aerator and are molded of plastic, and the fourth being a thin
cup-shaped sleeve of a relatively deformable metal, such as brass
or aluminum. The molded parts, formed of substantially
nonwater-absorbing plastic such as Delrin, include: an axially
elongated annular member 24; a jet-forming, cup-shaped member 26;
and a support-and-air-intake member 28. The metal sleeve is
indicated at 30 and has a lower inturned flange, or lip, 31.
The axially elongated annulus 24 is the major structural element of
the aerator and has an upstream annular portion 32 surrounding an
upstream recess 33, and a downstream annular portion 34 surrounding
a recess 35, with said recesses separated by an inner ring 36 that
is integral with part 24. The exterior of said upstream portion 32
is provided with male threads 38 for screw connection to spout 10.
The interior of said portion 32 is provided with: an annular
retainer wall 40 for engaging the wall of seal washer 20; an
annular shoulder 42 for seating seal washer 20; centering sleeve 44
for receiving and centering member 26; and an upstream, convex,
impingement surface 46 on ring 36 curving inwardly and downstream
to an innermost annular edge 48. Within the downstream recess 35,
moving downstream, there are: the annular lower side 50 of inner
ring 36, said side 50 extending radially outwardly of annular edge
48; a frustoconical surface 52 that slopes downwardly and
outwardly; and a cylindrical inner wall 54. The exterior surface of
member 24 below male threads 38 provides: an upwardly facing
annular shoulder 56 spaced below the terminus 18 of the spout; an
upper, upwardly and inwardly inclined, frustoconical surface 58 for
receiving and seating a portion of metal sleeve 30; a cylindrical
intermediate surface 60; and a lower, downwardly and inwardly
inclined, frustoconical surface 62 for receiving and seating a
portion of metal sleeve 30, as illustrated in FIG. 2.
The second molded member 26 is arranged to enter recess 33 of
annulus 24 and to be held in operative position by gravity. The
member 26 includes an outwardly extending flange 64 which is
centered by sleeve 44 and supported on the outermost portion of
convex surface 46 of ring 36, with the upper surface of flange 64
located coplanar with shoulder 42 to be engaged by seal washer 20
so as to prevent water leakage past sleeve 44. The sidewall of cup
part 26 is provided with a series of spaced jet-forming apertures
66 that are vertically elongated and terminate at their lower edges
in a plane spaced above the downstream terminus of convex surface
46. The most downstream portion of member 26 projects coaxially
through and in spaced relation to innermost annular edge 48, to
provide a constricted, annular, flow aperture 68 between adjacent
spaced portions of member 26 and inner ring 36, with annular
aperture 68 separating an upstream annular flow passageway 70 from
the downstream mixing chamber 72 located substantially in the lower
recess 35 between lower side 50 and screen 22. The lowermost wall
74 of member 26 is located downstream of side 50.
The third molded member 28 is arranged to slidably enter downstream
recess 55 of annulus 24 and to abut under side 50 of inner ring 36.
Member 28 includes an annular sleeve, or ring, 76 having an
inturned flange 78 at the lower edge and provided on the outer
surface with a plurality of axially elongated spacers 80 whose
lower ends abut flange 31 of sleeve 30 and whose upper ends extend
above sleeve 76 to engage ring 36. The exterior shape of each
spacer 80 includes a lower cylindrical edge 82 and an upper
frustoconical edge 84 for complementary mating with inner walls 54
and 52 respectively. The spacers 80 locate sleeve 76 spaced from
wall 54 to provide substantially annular air intake means 77 that
extend upwardly from the outlet end of aerator and pass over the
edge of sleeve 76, that is spaced below ring 36, and enter mixing
chamber 72.
The metal sleeve 30 when deformed, by spinning or swedging, to the
final assembled condition includes the inturned lower retainer
flange 31 and spaced frustoconical sections 86 and 88 seatingly
cooperating with oppositely directed frustoconical surfaces 58 and
62 on part 24.
The foregoing construction provides for simple subassembly by first
positioning screen 22 on flange 78 of member 28 and then entering
third member 28 into downstream recess 55 and then applying metal
sleeve 30. After spinning, or otherwise deforming, portions of the
sleeve 30 to engage surfaces 58 and 62, the parts will be held in
assembled relation with lip 31 holding member 28 against ring 36.
Then cup-shaped member 26 and seal 20 may be entered into the
upstream recess 33 to complete the assembly.
It will be understood that in use the water jets defined by slots
66 are directed outwardly to impinge against convex surface 46 to
be broken up in chamber 70 and to pass downstream through annular
aperture 68 to enter mixing chamber 72 wherein the water particles
mix with air ingested through air intake means 77 and then pass
through one or more screen 22 to issue from aerator 12 as a
coherent jet of aerated water.
The thickness of material of sleeve 30 is nominal to permit of
ready deformation from cylindrical shape to the condition seen in
FIG. 2, but at the same time sleeve 30 provides sufficient strength
to hold the parts 24 and 28 in assembled condition and resist
separation.
The form of aerator in FIG. 6 is substantially the same as in FIGS.
2-5 except that while molded part 24 in FIGS. 2-5 provides a male
thread 38, the first molded part 24' in FIG. 6 is axially elongated
and provided with a female thread 38' for cooperation with a
male-threaded spout 10'. The axial length of metal sleeve 30' is
also elongated and extends the entire length of part 24', where in
FIGS. 2-5, only the lower portion of part 24 that is below the
portion that enters spout 10 is encased by metal part 10.
In the modified form of aerator shown in FIGS. 7 and 8,
corresponding parts carry the same number with the addition of a
double prime mark. The principal changes in the device of FIGS. 7-8
as compared with the device of FIGS. 2-5 are that in FIGS. 7-8 the
first molded part 24" is axially shortened to eliminate the
downstream sleeve that surrounds the third molded part, and the
shape of the cup-bottom of the second molded part is elongated
downstream and stepped to assist in providing desired mixing and
flow characteristics. In FIGS. 7-8, the downstream part 28"
provides that the outer surfaces 82" of the spacers 80" serve as
the sole abutment for the inner wall of the cylindrical portion of
metal sleeve 30" and the upper edges of spacers 80" engage the
lower side 51 of first part 24" which is spaced below underside 50"
of inner ring 36". The bottom 74" of cup-shaped member 26" provides
a first annular part 74a that extends downstream to at least below
the level of side 51, and a depressed center portion 74b that
extends axially downstream into mixing chamber 72" to a level
downstream of the level of the upstream edge of sleeve 76".
As can be seen in FIG. 1, the size of lip 31 on the sleeve 30 and
the radial thickness of the spacers 80 is so selected that the
outer diameter of sleeve 76 is spaced inwardly of the inner edge of
lip 31, to provide an airgap to the air intake means 77.
The arrangement of the convexly curved impingement surface 46,
surrounding and spaced from the upright sidewall of part 26 having
elongated apertures 66 therein which terminate at their lower ends
at a plane upstream of the downstream terminus of convex surface
46, desirably produces an unusual impingement pattern for the water
by first directing the water in jet form outwardly against the
convex impingement surface 46 where there is a first breaking up of
the jets and the fragmented flow is then reflected back against the
portion of said annular upright wall of part 26 below apertures 66
before the water finally passes downstream through the annular,
constricted, flow aperture 68 to enter mixing chamber 72. The
flange 64 surrounding the upper ends of apertures 66 cooperates
with the lower edges of apertures 66 to define and limit the
operative flow size of each aperture 66, thus permitting the
upstream face of each aperture 66 to be somewhat blocked, such as
by waterborne matter, without reducing the volume passed through
the apertures.
While there has been shown and described a particular embodiment of
this invention, it will be obvious to those skilled in the art that
various changes and modifications may be made therein without
departing from the invention and, therefore, it is intended in the
appended claims to cover all such changes and modifications as fall
within the true spirit and scope of the invention.
* * * * *