U.S. patent number 3,635,361 [Application Number 04/846,385] was granted by the patent office on 1972-01-18 for handling perishable products.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Alton Box Board Company. Invention is credited to William H. Hayes.
United States Patent |
3,635,361 |
Hayes |
January 18, 1972 |
HANDLING PERISHABLE PRODUCTS
Abstract
Packaging and handling of perishable products in stacks of
articulated disposable containers, in which the disposable
containers are intervened and articulated by a rebated ring having
a major perimeter and a minor perimeter with an intermediate ledge,
and the respective perimeters being proportioned so that the minor
perimeter embraces the outside of an articulated container, above,
and the major perimeter embraces the outside of another articulated
container below, the ring.
Inventors: |
Hayes; William H. (Overland,
KS) |
Assignee: |
Alton Box Board Company (Alton,
IL)
|
Family
ID: |
25297777 |
Appl.
No.: |
04/846,385 |
Filed: |
July 31, 1969 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
206/510; 206/503;
229/915 |
Current CPC
Class: |
B65D
57/00 (20130101); B65D 21/0224 (20130101); Y10S
229/915 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
B65D
57/00 (20060101); B65D 21/02 (20060101); B65g
001/14 () |
Field of
Search: |
;214/10.5 ;224/45.7,487
;220/97B ;229/1.5,DIG.11 ;206/65,65R |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Foreign Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Forlenza; Gerald M.
Assistant Examiner: Werner; Frank E.
Claims
Having thus described the invention, what is claimed and desired to
be secured by Letters Patent is:
1. An articular container comprising a plurality of equisized
modular trays, in vertically aligned relationship, a rebated ring
disposed in telescoping relationship between successive ones of
said trays, there being handholes provided in said ring, there
being handholes provided through said trays; and the handholes in a
ring are disposed to align at least in part with the handholes in a
tray when in said telescoping relationship.
2. An articular container comprising a plurality of equisized
modular trays, in vertically aligned relationship, a rebated ring
disposed in telescoping relationship between successive ones of
said trays, said trays having a bottom and substantially equisized
opposite sidewalls rising from and forming corners with a bottom,
and handholes in said sidewalls adjacent said bottom.
3. Articular container for holding merchandise comprising a
plurality of equisized modular trays, each tray being of multisided
configuration and formed from paperboard with the corrugations in
its sidewalls running vertically, said trays being arranged in
vertically aligned relationship, a rebated ring disposed in
telescoping relationship between successive ones of said trays,
each container ring combination disposed for supporting the
downward force of the weight of the merchandise laden containers
and rings disposed thereabove, and said rings being of a material
which is harder than and less hygroscopic than the tray.
Description
This invention relates generally to the packaging and handling of
perishable merchandise, especially merchandise which must be
handled under refrigerated or moist conditions, and particularly to
a method and apparatus for handling vertical stacks of paperboard
boxes or trays in a manner compatible with the demands of the dairy
and other perishable products business.
Dairy products are customarily handled and transported under more
or less refrigerated conditions. For example, a substantial number
of cartons or bottles of milk are customarily packed in open top
containers, such as crates, boxes, or baskets of wood, metal, or
plastic, in which they are moved into and out of refrigerated
storage spaces, into and out of transportation vehicles, and into
retail establishments, or other comparable facilities, where the
perishables are removed from the open top container and placed on
display in refrigerated showcases. In the case of dairy products,
it is more or less standard practice for the open top boxes of
metal or plastic to have an internal cross section (horizontally)
of a magnitude such as to accommodate four 1-gallon cartons of milk
(or 9 half-gallons, or 16 quarts); and such boxes are frequently
equipped at their upper rim with an integral ferrulelike
enlargement within which the bottom of an identical container is
intended to interfit when a conventional stacking machine drops the
latter onto the former.
In some cases, the delivery man unloads the open top containers at
the point of delivery, but in most instances, they are left laden
at the delivery site to be unloaded later by someone else and
stored out of sight until the delivery man makes his next trip to
that location when they should be picked up and returned to the
central dairy facility. Even if the delivery man empties the open
top containers at the retail establishment, and takes them back to
the central dairy facility on the same trip, they need be stored
there until their next use.
Thus, storage space for the empty open top containers is required
at one or both ends of the journey and the requirement is enormous.
Furthermore, the manpower consumed in having them available for use
in the right place at the right time involves a burdensome
expense.
It is therefore the object of the present invention to improve the
aforesaid system of transporting and handling such products, and in
particular to provide disposable (one-time use) paperboard
containers with reusable protective armor which requires a minimum
of storage space when not in use, but which serves not only to
reinforce the paperboard containers, but to articulate a plurality
of them together, as well as to provide a convenient means for
manipulating the same singly or in an articulated stack.
In essence, the aforesaid objective is accomplished by forming the
open top containers, or trays, of corrugated paperboard in which
the corrugations of all the sidewalls run vertically, and providing
them with articulating armor interconnecting a plurality of such
containers together in a vertical stack, protecting the corners of
the individual containers, providing a sled to render a stack
thereof vertically stable, yet slidable along the floor of a
building or the bed of a slide conveyor or of a vehicle. The
articulating armor contemplated by the present invention is
necessarily constructed of material more durable than the type of
corrugated paperboard used for making containers, which is to say
that the material of the armor is not only more resistant to
moisture, but more resistant to abuse, and indeed is stiffer than
corrugated paperboard of the character usually employed in the
manufacture of containers. In particular, the articulating armor
provided in accordance with the present invention is a rebated ring
formed of metal (such as aluminum or steel) or of a durable plastic
composition (such as styrene molding compounds). The term
"rebated," as used herein, is intended to connote that the subject
ring or articulating member has two coaxial geometrically similar
peripheries with an integral escarped shoulder or shelf between
them. While the coaxial peripheries may be of the same magnitude,
it is preferred that one be greater than the other so as to provide
the articulating ring with a section of major periphery and a
section of minor periphery. More specifically, when in use, the
section having the major periphery is preferably below the section
having the minor periphery. One or both of the sections may be
abbreviated, i.e., its periphery is not necessarily continuous, but
it is preferred that the section which, in use, is the lower be
continuous. Rebated articulating armor having the aforesaid
characteristics, properties and relationships is adapted to have
one of its peripheries telescopically embrace the bottom increments
of an open top corrugated paperboard container or tray of the type
aforesaid, while the other periphery of the same articulating
member is adapted to telescopically embrace the top edges of
another substantially identical paperboard container or
tray--thereby to articulate the two trays in vertically aligned
relationship.
The articulating armor thus interlocks the top of a lower tray, in
a given stack, with the bottom of a superposed tray of identical
size in the same stack. Since all trays for use with a given size
and style of articulating armor will necessarily be of the same
horizontal cross section, such containers or trays are herein
referred to as "modular," it being understood that they can be
handled individually with or without associated articulating armor;
or they can be handled in an articulated stack four or five modules
high with intervening articulating armor members.
Referring now to the drawings for an illustrative embodiment of the
invention:
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a stack of modular corrugated
paperboard containers of the character contemplated by the
invention, articulated together by the rebated rings of the present
invention;
FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing a typical way of maneuvering
the articulated stack shown in FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a development view of a blank for a modular container of
the type shown in FIG. 1;
FIG. 4 is a top plan view of one form of rebated ring which
articulates the modular containers together and protects them;
FIG. 5 is a bottom plan view of the rebated ring shown in FIG.
4;
FIG. 6 is an exploded perspective view showing the modular
container in the process of being telescoped with an articulating
ring of the kind shown in FIGS. 4 and 5;
FIG. 7 is a sectional view taken along line 7--7 of FIG. 1; and
FIG. 8 is a view corresponding with FIG. 4, but showing a modified
form of articulating ring.
In one embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the modular containers 1
are topless trays, but each is provided with a bottom formed, in
the usual manner of slotted containers, from a blank such as that
shown in FIG. 3. As the modular containers 1 are illustrated as
being square in horizontal cross section, the several sidewall
panels 2, 3, 4 and 5 all have the same dimension parallel to the
longer dimension of the blank. Bottom flaps 6, 7, 8 and 9 are
hinged to the respective sidewall panels at crease line 10. Such
flaps will be understood by those skilled in the art to constitute
the bottom of the container when folded inwardly about crease line
10 after the container is erected by connecting the free edge of
panel 2 with the free edge of panel 5 to form the common
manufacturer's joint in accordance with the usual practice of
manufacturing slotted containers of the taped joint type. It is
desirable that the blank shown in FIG. 3 be formed of corrugated
paperboard in which the corrugations run in the direction shown at
11 in FIGS. 1 and 3, thereby providing greater stiffness for the
container in the vertical direction (as seen in the drawing) than
in other directions. The blank or selected increments thereof, or
the erected container, may be conventionally treated to inhibit or
reduce moisture absorption.
The blank shown in FIG. 3 is provided with a handhole 12 in each
sidewall panel adjacent the crease line 10. As shown, and for a
purpose to be later described, the lower edge of the handholes 12
are substantially tangent with the crease line 10. While it is not
indispensable to provide such handholes, such does add to the
convenience of the arrangement when, as contemplated, the laden
modular containers are likely to be handled individually.
As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the several modular containers 1 are
articulated together, protected and stabilized by the provision of
an articulating ring 14 at the bottom of the stack, and an
identical ring between each pair of successive modular containers 1
thereabove. The preferred form of ring 14 is shown in FIGS. 4, 5
and 6, and consists of a quadrilateral peripheral member 15 having
an inwardly projecting ledge 16, and thereabove a series of
peripheral members 17. The peripheral members 15 are addressed
downwardly from the ledge 16, while the peripheral members 17 are
addressed upwardly therefrom. As clearly shown in FIG. 7, the
external periphery of the peripheral members 15 is greater than the
virtual external periphery defined by the peripheral members 17
above ledge 16. On the other hand, the internal peripheries defined
by the members 15 and 17 are preferably substantially equal to each
other, and equal to the external periphery of the several modular
containers 1 at the upper edge thereof, as well as adjacent the
bottom thereof.
As clearly seen in FIG. 6, the periphery delineated in part by the
members 17 is discontinuous--the bottom increments of the modular
containers 1, which internest or telescope within the members 17,
being unconfined at their corners--whereas in the case of the
periphery defined by the members 15, which are adapted to internest
with and telescope over the open upper increments of the modular
containers 1, the arrangement is such that physical engagement with
the container walls is confined to the corner areas, as will be
later described.
The bottom of the modular container 1 is constituted of overlapping
panels 6, 7, 8 and 9, which preferably are so dimensioned as to
fall short of having opposite ones meet each other, thereby leaving
a central ventilation hole 18 in the bottom of each modular
container 1.
As clearly shown in FIG. 7, the members 17, which define the
periphery of the articulating ring above ledge 16, extend upwardly
to a level approximating half the height of the handhole 12,
thereby exposing a substantial part of the handhole 12 above the
level of members 17. As shown, each of the members 17 in the
articulating rings have handholes 19 of substantially smaller size
than the handholes 12 in the modular containers 1. In the
articulated relationship shown in FIG. 7, the handholes 12 and 19
overlap so that when a given modular container is removed from a
stack thereof, such as that shown in FIG. 1, and handled
individually, it may be so handled in or out of the articulating
ring as the handler chooses. Specifically, if the handler inserts
his fingers in handhole 12 above the level of member 17, the
modular container will be handled free of the articulating ring,
whereas if the handler inserts his fingers into handhole 19, the
articulating ring will serve as a carrier for the superjacent
modular container. Otherwise, the overlapping relationship between
handhole 12 and member 17 serves the useful purpose of enabling an
articulated stack of the containers to be maneuvered in the manner
illustrated in FIG. 2, where a handler has a rod 20 with a hook on
the lower end of it, and a handle on the upper end of it, so that
when it is desired to move an articulated stack of containers, the
hooked end of the rod 20 is inserted through the portion of
handhole 12 which extends above member 17; the hook on rod 20
engaged behind the strip 21 (which overlies handhole 19) in member
17, with the tang of the hook projecting outwardly through handhole
19. In this relationship, the rod 20 can be used as the drawbar of
a vehicle to transmit a moving force to the lowermost one of the
articulating rings in a stack, and upon application of a pulling
force to the rod 20, said lowermost one of the articulating rings
acts as a boat or sled, to glide the articulated stack of
containers over the floor of a building, a loading platform,
vehicle body or the like.
Unlike the periphery defined by the members 17, the periphery
defined by the members 15 is entire, but designed so that it
engages the top increments of the subjacent container 101 only near
the corners thereof, where the thickness of the member 15 is
approximately double the thickness thereof between the corners, as
clearly seen in FIG. 5. In the embodiment shown, a steel or
aluminum angle bar is employed to constitute both member 15 and
ledge 16, the same being cut, bent and welded to form the
quadrilateral frame shown in FIGS. 4 and 5; and the members 17,
with or without horizontally extending flanges, being appropriately
welded or riveted thereto.
As mentioned previously, the thickness of member 15 at the corners
is approximately double its thickness elsewhere. This is
accomplished by applying a fillet 22 at each side of each corner,
as clearly shown in FIG. 5. The fillets may be held firm to the
angle bar base by welding, riveting, or other suitable means. As
clearly shown in FIG. 7, the lower inner corner of the fillets 22
is chamfered as shown at 23, and so are the ends of the fillets
remote from the corner, as shown at 24 in FIG. 5. Such chamfering
of the fillets is important to prevent mutilation of the modular
containers of the present invention--and resultant instability of a
stack thereof--by conventional stacking machinery. Such machinery
operates by picking up a container or the like, moving it over a
stationary container or the like, and then dropping the picked up
one onto the stationary one. Such machinery cannot assure that the
picked up body will be dropped in uniformly perfect alignment with
the stationary body, and since disalignment at the time of dropping
may mutilate the top line (particularly a corner) of the stationary
one of trays 1, and thereby render the stack unstable, the internal
periphery at the lower edge of member 15 is made greater than the
external periphery at the top of trays 1. Said greater periphery is
gradually constricted by the slope of the chamfers 23 (two in each
corner) so as to "funnel" the raw edge topline of a container 101
into the relationship shown in FIG. 7, despite the fact that such
raw edges may have been a tray-wall thickness in disalignment with
the dropping assembly of articulating ring and superposed tray.
In the form shown in FIG. 8, the articulated ring is identical in
all particulars with that shown in the other figures, except that
within the frame provided by the ledge 16, there is a reticulated
floor which may be formed of wire mesh, perforated sheet metal,
expanded metal, hardware cloth, or the like. Such a reticulated
floor is to be recommended in cases where the modular containers 1
have not been subjected to treatment which will substantially
reduce the hygroscopicity of the corrugated paperboard of which the
modular containers 1 are made.
In the form shown in FIG. 3, the blank is of the type which is
"closed" by tape 26 at the corner formed between the remote edges
of panels 2 and 5, but it will be understood that when desired, the
common manufacturer's joint flaps may be provided.
The invention contemplates one-time use of the containers 1. That
is to say, they are disposable. Hence it is not necessary to
consume great space, either at the point of delivery or at the
point of return, for their storage. And since prior to use they are
storable flat, the space required is about one-fifth that required
at the plant site with the prior art system described on page 2
hereof; and the storage space required at the retail site is zero
because the retailer can use the paperboard tray for "carryouts."
When they are erected, the bottom flaps 6, 7, 8 and 9 are secured
together preferably by glue, and the trays can be immediately
charged with merchandise.
Upon delivery at destination, the articulating rings are retrieved
by the delivery man, and returned to the central plant for reuse,
but since the articulating rings internest with each other, the
space required for transporting and storing them is minimal.
Moreover, the paperboard trays plus articulating armor involves a
tare weight less than half that of the prior art system; and an
overall conservation of delivery man's time of about 25
percent.
From the foregoing description, those skilled in the art should
understand that the invention provides a simple, economical and
efficient arrangement for the handling of perishables in disposable
paperboard containers without substantial risk that the paperboard
container will fail in one-trip service; and with other substantial
economic advantages. While one complete embodiment of the invention
has been disclosed in detail, and certain alternatives indicated,
it is not to be understood that the invention is limited to the
details of the foregoing disclosure.
* * * * *