U.S. patent number 3,635,283 [Application Number 04/791,938] was granted by the patent office on 1972-01-18 for modular heat exchanger.
This patent grant is currently assigned to The Garrett Corporation. Invention is credited to David L. Satchwell.
United States Patent |
3,635,283 |
Satchwell |
January 18, 1972 |
**Please see images for:
( Certificate of Correction ) ** |
MODULAR HEAT EXCHANGER
Abstract
A modular heat exchanger having a core of a plurality of
individual core elements supported within a separate, removable
heat exchanger case.
Inventors: |
Satchwell; David L. (Rolling
Hills Estates, CA) |
Assignee: |
The Garrett Corporation (Los
Angeles, CA)
|
Family
ID: |
25155285 |
Appl.
No.: |
04/791,938 |
Filed: |
January 17, 1969 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
165/296; D23/330;
165/76; 165/152 |
Current CPC
Class: |
F28F
3/025 (20130101); F28D 1/0341 (20130101); F28F
9/00 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
F28F
3/02 (20060101); F28F 3/00 (20060101); F28F
9/00 (20060101); F28D 1/03 (20060101); F28D
1/02 (20060101); G05d 023/00 () |
Field of
Search: |
;165/34-38,76,152 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Sukalo; Charles
Claims
What I claim is:
1. A modular heat exchanger comprising:
a modular heat exchanger core having a plurality of substantially
identical individual core elements; and
a heat exchanger core case positioned around said core and having a
first section and a second section, said second core case section
detachably secured to said first core case section to removably
support said core.
2. The modular heat exchanger of claim 1 wherein said individual
core elements comprise:
a first tube plate;
a second tube plate substantially identical to said first tube
plate, the outer periphery of said first tube plate joined to the
outer periphery of said second tube plate to form an enclosure
between said second tube plates;
restricting means within said enclosure defining an inlet section
and an outlet section within said enclosure;
said inlet section of said enclosure having an inlet header at the
one end thereof, said inlet header having an inlet on one side
thereof and an outlet on he opposite side thereof;
said outlet section of said enclosure having an outlet header at
the one end thereof, said outlet header having an inlet on one side
thereof and an outlet on the opposite side thereof;
a first fin sheet positioned within said inlet section of said
enclosure; and
a second fin sheet positioned within said outlet section of said
enclosure.
3. The modular heat exchanger of claim 2 and in addition a
plurality of individual fin sheets, an individual fin sheet
positioned between adjacent individual core elements.
4. The modular heat exchanger of claim 1 wherein said first section
and said second section of said heat exchanger core case are
boltably secured to each other.
5. The modular heat exchanger of claim 1 and in addition resilient
material pads interposed between said heat exchanger core and said
heat exchanger core case at points of support.
6. The modular heat exchanger of claim 1 and in addition a fluid
cooled operably associated with said heat exchanger and wherein
said first section of said heat exchanger core case is an integral
part of said engine.
7. A modular heat exchanger for a congealable fluid comprising:
a modular heat exchanger core having a plurality of substantially
identical individual core elements, and individual core elements
comprising:
a first tube plate;
a second tube plate substantially identical to said first tube
plate, the outer periphery of said first tube plate joined at the
outer periphery of said second tube plate to form an enclosure
between said first and said second tube plate;
restricting means disposed within said enclosure defining an inlet
section extending the length of one side of said enclosure and an
outlet section extending the length of the opposite side of said
enclosure, said inlet section communicating with said outlet
section at the bottom of said enclosure;
said inlet section of said enclosure having an inlet header at the
upper end thereof, said inlet header having an inlet on one side
thereof and an outlet on the opposite side thereof, said inlet
adapted to communicate with the outlet of the inlet header and an
adjacent core element on one side of said inlet header and said
outlet adapted to communicate with the inlet of the inlet header of
an adjacent core element on the opposite side of said inlet
header;
said outlet section of said enclosure having an outlet header at
the upper end thereof, said outlet header having an inlet on one
side thereof and an outlet on the opposite side thereof, said inlet
adapted to communicate with the outlet of the outlet header of an
adjacent core element on one side of said outlet header and said
outlet adapted to communicate with the inlet of the outlet header
of an adjacent core element on the opposite side of said outlet
header;
a first fin sheet positioned within said inlet section of said
enclosure, and
a second fin sheet positioned within said outlet section of said
enclosure;
a plurality of individual fin sheets, an individual fin sheet
positioned between adjacent individual core elements below said
inlet and outlet headers;
a heat exchanger core case positioned around said core and having a
first section at one end of said core and a second section at the
other end of said core and boltably attached to the first case
section, said first case section having an inlet to provide a flow
of congealable fluid to said core and two outlets to receive a flow
of congealable fluid from said core;
a warm up tube interposed between said first case section and said
heat exchanger core;
restricting means disposed within said warm up tube defining an
inlet section extending the length of one side of said warm up tube
and an outlet section extending the length of the other side of
said tube, said inlet section communicating with said outlet
section at the bottom of said tube;
said inlet section of said warm up tube having an inlet to receive
a flow of congealable fluid to the inlet section of said warm up
tube from the inlet of said first section of said case and an
outlet opposite said inlet to communicate with the inlet of the
inlet header of the adjacent individual core element;
said outlet section of said warm up tube having an outlet to permit
a flow of congealable fluid from the outlet section of said warm up
tube to the first outlet of said first section of said case and
conduit means through said outlet section of said warm up tube to
provide communication between the outlet of the outlet header of
the adjacent individual core element and the second outlet of the
first section of said case;
a plurality of fins positioned within said inlet and said outlet
sections of said warm up tube, said fins to provide less resistance
to the flow of congealable fluid than said first and said second
fin sheets in the inlet and outlet sections of the individual core
elements; and
heat responsive valve means in the first outlet of said first
section of said case to permit the flow of cold congealable fluid
and restrict the flow of warm congealable fluid.
8. The modular heat exchanger of claim 1 wherein said first and
said second fin sheets positioned with the inlet and outlet
sections of said individual core elements are offset rectangular
fins positioned to provide maximum resistance to flow, said
plurality of fins positioned within said inlet and outlet sections
of said warm up tube are individual fins positioned across the flow
in the warm up tube to provide minimum resistance to flow, said
individual core elements are brazed together with said plurality of
individual fin sheets between said core elements and with said warm
up tube to form an integral heat exchanger core.
9. The modular heat exchanger of claim 7 and in addition resilient
material pads interposed between said heat exchanger and said heat
exchanger core and said heat exchanger core case at points of
support.
10. The modular heat exchanger of claim 7 and in addition a source
of congealable fluid to be cooled.
11. The modular heat exchanger of claim 10 wherein said source of
congealable fluid to be cooled in a congealable fluid cooled engine
and said first section of said case is integral with said
engine.
12. The modular heat exchanger of claim 10 wherein said congealable
fluid is a lubricating oil.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates generally to heat exchangers and more
particularly to a modular heat exchanger made up of individual core
elements supported by a removable case having two sections
removably jointed together.
In prior heat exchangers, particularly those adapted for the
cooling of congealable fluids such as lubricating oils, the
development of a leak or other defect in the heat exchanger core
required disposal of the entire heat exchanger including the case.
The integral case and core also imposed severe vibration problems
in many instances and did not permit flexibility with respect to
the size of the core to meet varying heat transfer requirements.
Also, location of the integral case and core relative to the source
of fluid to be cooled could not be optimized. In addition, despite
many exotic solutions, start up of the heat exchanger at low
temperatures still presented problems.
BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
This invention provides a modular heat exchanger core element which
can be stacked with like elements to form a modular heat exchanger
core. The individual core elements each include an integral header
to achieve parallel flow paths through core elements.
The heat exchanger core, made up of any number of stacked core
elements, is supported by a two-section heat exchanger case can be
removed to permit maintenance and separate replacement of
individual core elements or of the entire core. Resilient pads can
be provided at the points of support to isolate the core from
vibration. A warm up tube in parallel with the core elements and
with its flow controlled by heat responsive valve means can be
utilized when required for start up. Further, one section of the
heat exchanger case can be integral with the source of fluid to be
cooled.
It is, therefore, an object of this invention to provide an
individual heat exchanger core element which may be stacked with
like elements to form a modular heat exchanger core.
Another object of this invention is to provide an individual heat
exchanger core element having an integral header and adapted to be
stacked into a modular heat exchanger core with the individual
elements having parallel flow paths.
Yet another object of this invention is to provide a modular heat
exchanger in which the core can be removed from its case and
separately maintained.
Still another object of this invention is to provide a modular heat
exchanger in which the heat exchanger core is isolated from case
vibrations.
A still further object of this invention is to provide a modular
heat exchanger in which a section of the heat exchanger case is
integral with the source of fluid to be cooled.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a perspective view, partially cut away, of a modular heat
exchanger core element,
FIG. 2 is a side elevation view, partially cut away, of the modular
heat exchanger,
FIG. 3 is a top plan view of the modular heat exchanger of FIG.
2,
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view taken along line 4--4 of FIG.
2,
FIG. 5 is a side elevation view, partially cut away, of the modular
heat exchanger where one section of the heat exchanger case is
integral with an engine crankcase.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF INVENTION
The individual heat exchanger core element 10 which can be stacked
to form a modular heat exchanger core is illustrated in FIG. 1.
Basically this element shown in a counterflow configuration for
purposes of illustration only, is made up of two formed tube plates
12 and 14 which are joined at their periphery to form an enclosed
structure. The enclosed structure is divided into an inlet section
18 and an outlet section 16, by either the shape of the formed tube
plates 12 and 14 or by a restriction (not shown) placed between the
two plates 12 and 14 when they are joined together. In the
counterflow configuration shown, the inlet section 18 and outlet
section 16 will communicate with each other at the bottom of the
core element 10.
An inlet header 26 is provided at the top of the inlet section 18
and includes an inlet 30, and outlet 23 on opposite sides thereof.
An inlet header 20 also having an inlet 24 and outlet 22 is
provided at the top of the outlet section 16.
Both the inlet section 18 and outlet section 16 are provided with
heat transfer surfaces such as fin sheets 34 and 32 respectively.
These sheets may be of the rectangular offset type as
illustrated.
The individual core elements 10 can be constructed of a lightweight
structural material having good heat transfer characteristics such
as aluminum and may be individually brazed, for example, in a salt
bath dip to form the structure involved.
The individual core elements 10 can be stacked together to form a
modular heat exchanger core 40, as shown in FIG. 2. The number and
size of the individual core elements 10 would be determined by the
heat transfer requirements for the heat exchanger. The elements 10
would be joined at their respective headers to permit flow from one
inlet header to an adjacent inlet header and likewise from one
outlet header to an adjacent outlet header. Fin sheets 42 can be
provided between individual core elements 10 to increase heat
dissipation from the fluid within the core elements.
The individual core elements 10 including the fin sheets 42 may be
brazed together to form an integral unit if desired. Also, the
brazing of the individual core elements can be deferred and the
entire core assembly brazed at the same time. If however, the
individual core elements are not to be brazed together, gaskets 43
can be provided between the outlet and inlet of adjacent
headers.
As shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the heat exchanger case 50 is made up of
two separate sections 52 and 54 which are joined together to
support the modular core 40. The first section 52 and second
section 54 of the case 50 may be provided with lugs 56 and 58
respectively by which bolts 59 can be used to secure the attachment
of the first section 52 to the second section 54. Integral nuts 57
in the lugs 56 of the first section provide for a secure
attachment. Resident pads 60 of a material such as felt can be used
between the case 50 and modular core 40 at points of support to
provide vibration isolation for the core. The second section 54 of
the heat exchanger case 50 can be provided in varying lengths to
accommodate different heat exchanger core sizes.
A warm up tube 62 can be provided in the modular heat exchanger
core 40, particularly when the heat exchanger is to be used to cool
a congealable fluid. This warm up tube 62, like the individual core
elements 10, is divided into an inlet section 64 and an outlet
section 66. As shown in FIG. 4, an inlet 68 provided in the first
section 52 of the case 50 communicates with an inlet 70 in the
inlet section 64 of the warm up tube 62. An outlet 72 in the inlet
section 64 of the warm up tube 62 communicates with the inlet 30 of
the inlet header 26 of the adjacent core element 10.
An outlet 74 in the outlet section 66 of the warm up tube 62
communicates with a first outlet 76 in the first case section 52. A
conduit 78 through the outlet section 66 of the warm up tube 62
permits a direct flow from the outlet 22 of the outlet header 20 of
the adjacent core element 10 to the second outlet 80 of the first
case section 52. Gaskets 69 and 75 may be provided to prevent
leakage between inlets 68 and 70 and between outlets 74 and 76
respectively, while an O-ring 79 prevents leakage between conduit
78 and outlet 80.
The flow of fluid through the first outlet 76 is controlled by a
heat responsive valve 82, such as a Vernatherm valve, Vernatherm
being a trademark of American Standard. Both the inlet and outlet
sections 64 and 66 of the warm up tube 62 can be provided with a
plurality of individual fins 84 and 85, respectively to increase
the heat transfer surfaces within the warm up tube 62 with a
minimum resistance to fluid flow.
While the above-described heat exchanger can be used for a variety
of fluids, it is particularly useful for congealable fluids such as
lubricating oils used to cool and lubricate an internal combustion
engine and the operation of the heat exchanger will be described in
this respect. In the start up of the heat exchanger, particularly
at lower temperatures, the core 40 will be full of congealed oil.
As the flow of oil from the crankcase of an internal combustion
engine is initiated, it will take the path of least resistance
namely through the inlet 70 of the warm up tube 62 into the inlet
section 64 of the warm up tube, through the inlet section 64 and
outlet section 66 of the warm up tube and out through the outlet 74
of the outlet section 66 of the warm up tube 62 to the first outlet
76 of the case 50. The valve 82 is designed to permit the flow of
oil through the first outlet 76 at low temperatures and to shut off
the flow at higher temperatures. This initial flow path at low
temperature principally results from the fact that the resistance
to flow through the inlet and outlet sections 16 and 18 of the
individual core elements 10 is much greater than the resistance to
flow through the warm up tube 62.
As the temperature of the flowing oil rises, the heat from the oil
passing through the warm up tube 62 will start to decongeal the
congealed oil in the core element 10 adjacent to he warm up tube
62. Also, as the oil increases in temperature, the heat responsive
valve 82 will start to close thereby increasing the resistance flow
through the warm up tube 62.
The interaction of the above two factors, will, as the temperature
of the oil increases, initiate flow first through the core element
adjacent to the warm up tube 62 and successively through the next
adjacent individual core elements and extending eventually the
entire length of the modular core 40. When a sufficient temperature
has been reached, the valve 82 will completely shut off flow
through the first outlet 76 of the case and in essence remove the
warm up tube 62 from the flow through the core 40.
While the individual core elements have been shown as providing a
series of parallel flows from the in-line headers, it should be
recognized that many alternate flow and header configurations are
possible. The number of core elements making up an individual core
can be varied in response to heat transfer requirements. The
separate nature of the core and case permits the maintenance and
replacement of the core with relative ease. This separate
arrangement also permits the first section of the case to made
integral with the source of congealable fluid to be cooled as shown
in FIG. 5. The crankcase 90 of an internal combustion engine can be
provided with an upper projection 92 and a lower projection 94
which corresponds to the first section 52 of the heat exchanger
case 50. These projections 92 and 94 include lugs 56' having
integral nuts 57' to enable attachment to the lugs 58 of the second
case section 54 by means of bolts 59. The second section 54 can be
identical to that previously described in FIGS. 2 and 3. The inlet
and outlets to the heat exchanger core 40 would be included in the
crankcase 90 in a manner similar to that described in FIG. 4. The
heat responsive valve 82' is mounted directly in the crankcase 90,
as shown.
While specific embodiments of the present invention have been
illustrated and described in considerably detail, it should be
recognized that modifications can be made thereto without departing
from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the
appended claims.
* * * * *