U.S. patent number 3,635,021 [Application Number 04/867,021] was granted by the patent office on 1972-01-18 for hydraulic system.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Borg-Warner Corporation. Invention is credited to Kenneth G. McMillen, Wendell E. Miller.
United States Patent |
3,635,021 |
McMillen , et al. |
January 18, 1972 |
HYDRAULIC SYSTEM
Abstract
Pump controls having a sensor valve that operates between two
positions to control the displacement of a pump in response to
pressure differentials caused by flow through a variable orifice.
Override of the sensor valve is provided by a pressure and
displacement sensitive valve thereby limiting the input torque of
the pump.
Inventors: |
McMillen; Kenneth G.
(Wolcottville, IN), Miller; Wendell E. (Warsaw, IN) |
Assignee: |
Borg-Warner Corporation
(Chicago, IL)
|
Family
ID: |
25348913 |
Appl.
No.: |
04/867,021 |
Filed: |
October 16, 1969 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
60/450; 60/468;
417/213; 417/222.1 |
Current CPC
Class: |
F04B
49/08 (20130101); F16H 61/46 (20130101); F16H
61/478 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
F04B
49/08 (20060101); F16H 61/46 (20060101); F16H
61/40 (20060101); F15b 001/00 (); F04b 049/00 ();
F04b 001/26 () |
Field of
Search: |
;60/52US
;417/218,222,213 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Foreign Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Freeh; William L.
Claims
We claim:
1. In a hydraulic system including a variable displacement pump and
a fluid actuated displacement control mechanism connected thereto,
the improvement which comprises: flow-responsive means connected in
said system to measure the flow in a part of said system and to
produce a signal proportional to said flow, a fluid-actuated sensor
valve connected to said flow-responsive means and to said
displacement control mechanism adapted to control the displacement
of said pump in response to said signal by controlling the volume
of fluid in said displacement control mechanism, bypass means
connected to said flow-responsive means and responsive to said
signal to bypass excess fluid, and a
pressure-and-displacement-sensitive valve operatively associated
with said sensor valve and connected to said displacement control
mechanism and adapted to control the displacement of said pump
whenever the pressure and displacement of said pump varies beyond
predetermined lines.
2. A hydraulic system as claimed in claim 1 which includes a
pressure-sensitive valve means producing a second signal, and said
bypass means being responsive to said second signal to bypass
excess fluid.
3. A hydraulic system as claimed in claim 1 in which said sensor
valve is fluid actuated to first and second operating positions to
control the displacement of said pump, and said bypass means
comprises a third operating position of said sensor valve, whereby
said sensor valve is responsive to said signal to move to said
third operating position to bypass excess fluid.
4. A hydraulic system as claimed in claim 1 wherein said sensor
valve has a fluid-responsive area and bias means for actuation to
first and second operating positions and wherein said
pressure-and-displacement-sensitive valve is effective to control
the displacement of said pump irrespective of the operating
position of said sensor valve.
5. A hydraulic system as claimed in claim 4 including a source of
pressure and a fluid sump, said sensor valve being operative to
establish fluid communication between said displacement control
mechanism and said source and block fluid communication between
said displacement control mechanism and said sump as it moves to
one of said operating positions.
6. A hydraulic system as claimed in claim 5 in which said sensor
valve and said pressure-and-displacement-sensitive valve are
connected in series to said displacement control mechanism.
7. A hydraulic system as claimed in claim 5 in which said sensor
valve and said pressure-and-displacement valve are connected in
parallel with said displacement control mechanism.
8. A hydraulic system as claimed in claim 6 wherein said
pressure-and-displacement-sensitive valve comprises means
responsive to fluid pressure and a mechanical connection to said
displacement control mechanism said mechanical connection being
operative to vary the response of said valve to said fluid
pressure.
9. A hydraulic system as claimed in claim 8 wherein said means
responsive to fluid pressure comprises a spring-loaded valve
plunger with one end thereof subjected to pressure from said pump
and said mechanical connection to said displacement control
mechanism comprises said spring that loads said valve plunger.
10. A hydraulic system as claimed in claim 9 further including a
cam operatively associated with said displacement control
mechanism, said cam being a portion of said mechanical
connection.
11. A hydraulic system as claimed in claim 10 wherein said cam has
a profile such that said pressure-and-displacement-sensitive valve
has a greater sensitivity to an incremental change of displacement
at one displacement than at another displacement.
12. In a hydraulic system including a variable displacement pump
and a fluid-actuated displacement control mechanism connected
thereto, said displacement control mechanism including a control
piston for actuation thereof, flow-responsive means connected in
said system to measure the flow in a part of said system and to
produce a signal proportional to said flow, a sensor valve
connected to said flow-responsive means and to said displacement
control mechanism having a fluid-responsive area and bias means for
actuation to first and second operating positions to control the
displacement of said pump in response to said signal, and a
pressure-and-displacement-sensitive valve operatively associated
with said sensor valve, said pressure-and-displacement-sensitive
valve being coaxial to and including cooperating portions of said
control piston, said sensor valve controlling the displacement of
said pump and said pressure-and-displacement-sensitive valve being
effective to control the displacement of said pump whenever the
pressure and displacement vary beyond predetermined limits.
13. A hydraulic system as claimed in claim 12 including a source of
pressure and a fluid sump, said sensor valve being operative to
establish fluid communication between said displacement control
mechanism and said source and block fluid communication between
said displacement control mechanism and said sump as it moves to
one of said operating positions.
14. A hydraulic system comprising a variable displacement pump for
operating a fluid motor, a fluid-actuated displacement control
mechanism connected to said pump, a differential pressure sensor
valve connected to said displacement control mechanism and adapted
to actuate same having first and second fluid responsive areas for
fluid pressure actuation from a first operating position to a
second operating position, bias means urging said sensor valve
toward said first operating position when both said areas are
subjected to equal pressures, a differential pressure means located
in one of said conduits and adapted to produce a differential
pressure signal proportional to the fluid flow in said one conduit,
first and second control conduits operatively connecting said first
and second areas to said one conduit on opposite sides of said
differential pressure means to actuate said sensor valve to said
first and to said second operating positions by said differential
pressure signal and by said bias means and thereby control the
displacement of said pump, and a
pressure-and-displacement-sensitive valve connected to said
displacement control mechanism and operative to reduce the
displacement of said pump whenever the pressure and displacement of
said pump exceed predetermined limits.
15. A hydraulic system as claimed in claim 14 which includes a
bypass means connected to said differential pressure means and
responsive to said signal whereby fluid is bypassed when flow in
said one conduit is excessive.
16. A hydraulic system as claimed in claim 15 which includes a
pressure-responsive pilot valve connected to said bypass means and
adapted to actuate same, whereby said pilot valve and said bypass
valve means cooperate with said variable displacement control
mechanism in the controlling of the effective output of said
variable displacement pump by bypassing excessive pump flow.
17. A hydraulic system as claimed in claim 15 in which said bypass
means comprises a third operating position of said sensor valve and
said sensor valve being responsive to said differential pressure
signal to move to said third operating position to bypass excess
fluid.
18. A hydraulic system as claimed in claim 17 including a pressure
sensitive valve connected to said sensor valve and producing a
second signal, whereby said sensor valve is responsive to said
second signal to bypass excess fluid.
19. A hydraulic system comprising a variable displacement pump, for
driving a fluid motor and including a fluid supply conduit
conducting pressure fluid from said pump to said motor, a
fluid-actuated displacement control mechanism connected to said
pump, a differential pressure sensor valve connected to said
displacement control mechanism and adapted to actuate same having
first and second fluid-responsive areas for fluid pressure
actuation from a first operating position to a second operating
position, bias means urging said sensor valve toward said first
operating position when both said areas are subjected to equal
pressures, flow responsive means located in said supply conduit and
adapted to produce a differential pressure signal proportional to
the fluid flow in said supply conduit, first and second control
conduits operatively connecting said first and second areas to said
supply conduit on opposite sides of said flow-responsive means to
actuate said sensor valve to said first and to said second
operating positions by said differential pressure signal and by
said bias means and thereby control the displacement of said pump,
and a pressure and displacement sensitive valve connected to said
displacement control mechanism and operative to reduce the
displacement of said pump whenever the pressure and displacement of
said pump exceed predetermined limits.
20. A hydraulic system as claimed in claim 19 which includes a
bypass means connected to said flow-responsive means and responsive
to said signal whereby fluid is bypassed when flow in said supply
conduit is excessive.
21. In a hydraulic system including a variable displacement pump
and a fluid actuated displacement control mechanism connected
thereto, the improvement which comprises: flow responsive means
connected in said system to measure the flow in a part of said
system and to produce a first signal proportional to said flow, a
fluid-actuated sensor valve connected to said flow-responsive means
and to said displacement control mechanism adapted to control the
displacement of said pump in response to said signal by controlling
the volume of fluid in said displacement control mechanism,
fluid-responsive bypass means connected to said flow-responsive
means and adapted to bypass excess fluid in response to said
signal, means in said hydraulic system adapted to produce a second
signal and said means being operatively connected to said sensor
valve and said bypass means whereby said displacement control
mechanism, by means of said sensor valve, and said bypass means
cooperate to control the effective output of said pump in response
to both said signals.
22. A hydraulic system as claimed in claim 21 wherein said second
signal is produced by a pressure-sensitive valve means and said
bypass means being responsive to said second signal to bypass
excess fluid.
23. A hydraulic system as claimed in claim 21 wherein said sensor
valve responds to said first signal at a signal level less than
that required to actuate said bypass means.
24. A hydraulic system as claimed in claim 21 in which said sensor
valve is fluid actuated to first and second operating positions to
control the displacement of said pump and said bypass means
comprises a third operating position of said sensor valve, whereby
said sensor valve is responsive to said first or second signal to
move to said third operating position to bypass excess fluid.
25. A hydraulic system as claimed in claim 24 wherein said sensor
valve is responsive to said first signal to move to said third
position at higher signal level than that required to move the
sensor valve between its first and second positions.
26. A hydraulic system as claimed in claim 24 wherein said means
producing a second signal comprising a pressure-sensitive relief
valve.
27. In a hydraulic system including a variable displacement pump
and a fluid-actuated displacement control mechanism connected
thereto, the improvement which comprises: flow-responsive means
connected in said system to measure the flow in a part of said
system and to produce a signal proportional to said flow, a sensor
valve connected to said flow-responsive means and to said
displacement control mechanism having a fluid responsive area and
bias means for actuation to first and second operating positions to
control the displacement of said pump in response to said signal,
bypass means operatively associated with said flow-responsive means
adapted to bypass excess fluid in response to said signal, means
adapted to produce a second signal being operatively connected to
said sensor valve and said bypass means whereby said displacement
control mechanism, by means of said sensor valve, and said bypass
means cooperate to control the effective output of said pump in
response to both said signals.
28. A hydraulic system as claimed in claim 27 wherein said second
signal is produced by a pressure-sensitive valve means and said
bypass means being responsive to said second signal to bypass
excess fluid.
29. A hydraulic system as claimed in claim 27 wherein said sensor
valve responds to said first signal at a signal level less than
that required to actuate said bypass means.
30. A hydraulic system as claimed in claim 27 in which said sensor
valve is fluid actuated to first and second operating positions to
control the displacement of said pump and said bypass means
comprises a third operating position of said sensor valve, whereby
said sensor valve is responsive to said first or second signal to
move to said third operating position to bypass excess fluid.
31. A hydraulic system as claimed in claim 30 wherein said sensor
valve is responsive to said first signal to move to said third
position at higher signal level than that required to move the
sensor valve between its first and second positions.
32. A hydraulic system as claimed in claim 30 wherein said means
producing a second signal comprises a pressure-sensitive relief
valve.
33. A hydraulic system comprising a variable displacement pump for
driving a fluid motor, a fluid-actuated displacement control
mechanism connected to said pump, a differential pressure sensor
valve connected to said displacement control mechanism and adapted
to actuate same having first and second fluid responsive areas for
fluid pressure actuation from a first operating position to a
second operating position, bias means urging said sensor valve
toward said first operating position when both said areas are
subjected to equal pressures, a differential pressure means located
in one of said conduits and adapted to produce a differential
pressure signal proportional to the fluid flow in said one conduit,
fluid-responsive bypass means connected to said differential
pressure means and responsive to said signal to bypass excess
fluid, first and second control conduits operatively connecting
said first and second areas to said one conduit on opposite sides
of said differential pressure means to actuate said sensor valve to
said first and to said second operating positions by said
differential pressure signal and by said bias means, means in said
hydraulic system adapted to produce a second signal and said means
being connected to said sensor valve and said bypass means whereby
said displacement control mechanism, by means of said sensor valve,
and said bypass means cooperate to control the effective output of
said pump in response to both said signals.
Description
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The invention herein disclosed includes in combination, a variable
displacement pump, as for example, a swash plate pump constructed
so that the inclination of its swash plate can be varied. Varying
the inclination of the swash plate varies the stroke of the pump
pistons and thus the displacement of the pump.
A sensor valve is provided that operates between two positions to
control the displacement of the pump in response to pressure
differentials caused by flow through a variable orifice. The sensor
valve is thus a control based upon demand in that the flow through
the variable orifice is the driving means for a fluid motor.
Override of flow sensing control of the pump's displacement is
achieved by the use of a torque compensator. This torque
compensator is a pressure-and-displacement-sensitive valve that is
effective to reduce the displacement of the pump whenever the pump
pressure and displacement exceed predetermined combinations.
The sensor valve is made to be pressure-sensitive, as well as being
flow-sensitive through the use of a pilot relief valve. The pump is
now controlled by pressure, flow, and torque.
Means is also provided to bypass excess fluid. This means may
consist of a separate bypass valve or of a third operating position
and cooperating ports and passages in the sensor valve. Either way,
excess fluid is bypassed as a function of signals indicating either
excess flow, excess pressure, or both.
THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a schematic of a pump system incorporating the invention
showing the sensor valve piston in one position;
FIG. 1A is a partial schematic showing the sensor valve piston in
the second position;
FIG. 1B is a graph showing a constant torque curve (displacement
plotted against pressure) and further illustrating a cam surface
with two slopes allowing pump displacement to be decreased as two
different functions of pressure and displacement;
FIG. 2 is a schematic illustrating another embodiment of the system
of FIG. 1 in which the torque compensator is replaced with a
different valve;
FIG. 2A is an enlarged view of the
pressure-and-displacement-sensitive valve of FIG. 2;
FIG. 3 is a schematic illustrating a third embodiment in which a
third type of torque compensator is shown; and
FIG. 4 is a symbolic illustration of a modified form of sensor
valve.
FIGS. 1 and 1A illustrate in schematic form a first embodiment of
the invention which includes a piston pump 10 driven through the
shaft 11 from a prime mover (not shown). The shaft 11 rotates a
cylinder barrel causing reciprocation of pistons 13 as they engage
a swash plate 14. The inclination of the swash plate 14 is variable
to vary the displacement of the pump. This is a conventional
variable displacement pump and requires no further explanation, it
being understood that other variable displacement pumps can be used
in the system being described.
The swash plate 14 is a part of a displacement control mechanism,
generally identified as 15 which includes, in addition to the swash
plate 14, a first or large control piston 16, a second or small
control piston 17, and a bias spring 18 biasing the control piston
16 toward the swash plate 14.
The inclination of the swash plate 14 and thus the displacement of
the pump 10 is dependent upon the amount of fluid in the first or
large control cylinder 19 which acts upon the control piston 16.
The pressure fluid in the control cylinder 19 is controlled by a
pressure-and-displacement-sensitive valve (PDV) 20. PDV 20 is
effective to control the pump displacement relative to
predetermined discharge pressures, thereby providing a control of
pump input torque.
PDV 20 is sensitive to pressure because the projected end of its
valve spool or plunger 21 has a fluid response surface 22 which is
subjected to the pump outlet pressure in valve chamber 23 via
conduits 24 and 25, conduits 24 being in communication with the
outlet of the pump 10. The force of pump outlet pressure on the
spool surface 22 is resisted and measured by the action of a spring
26 opposing movement of the spool 21. The spring 26 and the
surfaces 22 combine to form a fluid pressure-to-position mechanism,
and PDV 20 is made pressure-sensitive.
PDV 20 is also displacement sensitive through the action of a cam
27 on the swash plate 14 and a cam follower 28 associated with the
valve 20. A change in inclination of the swash plate 14 rotates the
cam 27 and actuates the cam follower 28, the latter providing a
displacement sensitive locating position for the spring 26. Thus it
is apparent that the PDV 20 is positioned by fluid pressure (pump
output) as it acts on the surface 22 and if sufficiently high will
shift the spool to compress the spring 26. Likewise, the spool is
positioned by the positioning of the spring 26 as a function of
pump displacement. The entire valve mechanism, which includes the
spool of the valve 20, the spring 26, the cam 27 and the cam
follower 28, is a pressure and displacement sensitive valve having
as its output variable fluid resistances and communications.
In operation, PDV 20 measures pump pressure and pump displacement.
On the basis of the combination, PDV 20 either reduces the
displacement of the pump 10 or it turns the control of the
displacement over to a differential pressure sensor valve 29 which
will later be described. When the combination of pressure in the
chamber 23 (from the pump outlet) and the position of the cam
follower 28 permits the spool of PDV 20 to be moved to the position
shown in FIG. 1A, fluid is discharged from the large control
cylinder 19 through a conduit 30, port 31, port 32 and a conduit 33
to a sump 34. The small control piston 17 meanwhile provides a
force to reduce the inclination of the swash plate 14 because the
small control piston 17 continually is in fluid communication with
the pump outlet pressure through conduits 24, 25 and 35.
PDV 20 is thus effective to (1) reduce the pump displacement as
described, or (2) to turn control of the pump displacement over to
the sensor valve 29. In FIG. 1 the position of PDV 20 is shown when
the combination of pressure and displacement is not excessive, and
PDV 20 has connected the large control piston 16 to the sensor
valve 29 for control of the piston 16 and control of the pump
displacement by the sensor valve 29.
The sensor valve 29 is sensitive to a differential pressure signal
due to its fluid-responsive areas 36 and 37 at the opposite ends of
its spool and the fluid pressure chambers 38 and 39 which are
connected to opposite ends of a variable orifice or flow responsive
means 40 on the pump outlet conduit 24 through control conduits 41,
42, 43 and 44. The variable orifice 40 is responsive to flow and
effective to produce a signal comprising a pressure drop
proportional to flow. The variable orifice 40 may be incorporated
in the return line of a system having return flow, or it may be a
part of a valve as that described in the copending application Ser.
No. 725,766 filed May 1, 1968 of common assignee.
Flow through conduit 24 to a fluid motor 45 causes a differential
pressure across the variable orifice 40, which differential
pressure is applied to the fluid-responsive areas 36 and 37 of the
sensor valve 29. A flow across the variable orifice 40 which is
above the desired flow as determined by the restriction of the
variable orifice 40 results in a lowering of fluid pressure in the
conduits 42, 43 and 44 as opposed to that in the conduits 24 and
41. Thus a valve spring biasing the spool of the sensor valve to
the left, as viewed in the drawings, will be compressed such that
the spool will move to the right, again as viewed in the drawings,
to a second operating position, establishing fluid communication
between the control cylinder 19 and the sump 34A through the
conduit 30, the port 31, a port 48, a conduit 49, a port 50, a port
51 and a conduit 52.
A flow that is less than the desired flow as determined by the
variable orifice 40 will allow the spring 46 to shift the spool of
the valve 29 to the left to a first operating position, thereby
establishing a fluid pressure connection to the control cylinder 19
via conduit 30, port 31, port 48, conduit 49, port 50, port 53 and
a conduit 54 which is connected to the outlet pressure conduit
24.
The sensor valve 29 as is illustrated in FIG. 1 has equal
fluid-responsive areas 36 and 37 and a spring 46 biases the spool
to the left (as viewed in the drawings) when the fluid pressures
applied to the areas 36 and 37 are such as to create the following
relationship: fluid pressure times area 36 minus fluid pressure
times area 37 is less than the force of spring 46.
As an alternative, one fluid-pressure-responsive area may be larger
than the other to provide the bias force. The spring may or may not
be retained to obtain the desired control of pump displacement vs.
the differential pressure signal.
The system which has been described may be enhanced by replacing
the cam 27 with a cam having a profile with two rates of rise vs.
an angular rotation. The first rate of rise on the cam permits the
displacement of the pump to be decreased at a predetermined
constant rate with respect to pressure increases until reaching a
point of angular rotation of the cam at which the cam follower 28
engages a portion having a second rate of rise. The second rate of
rise permits displacement of the pump to be decreased at a
predetermined constant rate significantly different from the first
slope. As illustrated in FIG. 1B, the pump 10 operates at its
maximum displacement noted by the curve 55, to a given pressure,
noted by curve 56. From the intersection of these curves, the
displacement is reduced according to curve 57 which approximates
the torque limitation of the source of mechanical power, as shown
by the constant torque curve 58. Further reduction in displacement
is effected along curve 59 by the use of a second rate of rise on
the cam 27, thus providing pressure compensation with relatively
sharp cutoff, that is, displacement is reduced from the point 60,
the intersection of curves 57 and 59 to substantially zero without
a pressure rise as great as if displacement reduction followed
curve 57.
An arrangement is provided for obtaining sharp cutoff pressure
compensation through the function of a pilot relief valve 61 and an
orifice or restrictor 62. The relief valve 61 opens at a
predetermined pressure, permitting fluid to flow into sump 34B
thereby causing a pressure drop across the restrictor 62 which
results in the spool of the sensor valve being moved to the right,
as viewed in the drawings, because of the reduction in fluid
pressure in the conduit 43, the conduit 44 and the chamber 39. The
movement of the sensor valve makes fluid connections to reduce the
displacement of the pump, as previously described.
An optional bypass valve 63 may be provided which includes a poppet
64 movable in a bore 65 and constructed to provide first and second
substantially equal fluid-pressure-responsive areas 66 and 67,
respectively. A spring 68 holds the poppet 64 to the left, as
viewed in the drawings, blocking communication between the pump
outlet pressure in a chamber 69 and a port 70 in communication with
a sump 34C. The bypass valve 63 is set as determined by the force
of spring 68 to open at differential pressures slightly greater
than those required to actuate sensor valve 29 to a displacement
decreasing position. Thus bypass valve 63 cooperates with the
displacement control mechanism in controlling the effective output
of the pump 10 by the bypassing of transient excesses of flow, if
such occur, and system stability is enhanced.
The bypass valve 63 can also function as a pilot operated relief
valve. The pressure drop across the orifice or restrictor 62 by
flow across the relief valve 61 will also reduce the pressure
applied to the fluid responsive area 67 of the bypass valve 63,
permitting the poppet 64 to move and connect chamber 69 with the
sump 34C. Thus the relief valve 61 is effective to control both the
sensor valve 29 and the bypass valve 63.
The location of a restrictor, such as 62, can be changed and the
system will operate differently. If an alternate restrictor 72 is
used in the location illustrated in FIG. 1, the relief valve will
be effective only to limit the system pressure through interaction
with the bypass valve 63.
A second embodiment of the invention is illustrated schematically
in FIGS. 2 and 2A. The major difference between this embodiment and
that illustrated in FIG. 1 is that a
pressure-and-displacement-sensitive valve (PDV 76) 76) replaces PDV
20 and control piston 16 previously described. Also, a bias spring
94 assists the small control piston 17 in increasing the pump
displacement.
The PDV 76 (see both FIGS. 2 and 2A) includes a valve spool 77,
cooperating portions of a coaxial control piston 78, a spring 79,
and a control bore partition 80. The valve spool 77 provides a
fluid-pressure-responsive surface equal to the area of the valve
spool 77 as it moves through the partition 80. Pump pressure from
conduits 24 and 54 and a conduit 81 is applied to a spring cavity
82 and the pressure-responsive surface of the valve spool 77. The
force of the pressure is converted into a position signal through
the resistance of the spring 79.
PDV 76 has been shown to be pressure sensitive by the action of the
spring 79 biasing the spool 77 and the pressure-responsive surface
of the spool 77. PDV 76 is also displacement-sensitive (in that the
axial position of control piston 78 is dependent upon the position
of the swash plate 14). The control piston 78 being in contact with
the swash plate is movable for the purpose of varying the
displacement of the pump.
In operation, as explained with reference to the first embodiment,
the sensor valve 29 increases and decreases the displacement of the
pump 10 in accordance with the differential pressure as established
by the variable orifice 40. In this embodiment, the flow path from
the conduit 49 is to a control piston chamber 83. The sensor valve
is able to control the position of the piston 78 through a passage
formed by the conduit 49, a piston relief groove 84, a
cross-drilled servo port 85, a valve spool relief 86, a servo port
87 and a longitudinal passage 88 to the chamber 83.
The passage from the sensor valve 29 to the chamber 83 can be
blocked by the valve 76 as a function of the relative position of
the valve spool 77 and the cooperating portion of the control
piston 78. The passage from sensor valve 29 to chamber 83 is
blocked when an increase in pump pressure overcomes the resistance
of spring 79 to move into bore 89 and block communication between
ports 85 and 87.
Additional movement of the valve spool 77 into the bore 89, as
caused by an increase in pump pressure, results in a flow path
being established from the spring cavity 82 to the chamber 83 via
the cross holes 90, a longitudinal hole 91 and an annular groove
cross hole 92 to the port 87 and to the longitudinal passage 88.
This communication provides pump pressure from the conduit 81 and
the spring cavity 82 into the chamber 83, thus providing
pressurized fluid to reduce the pump displacement by moving the
piston 78 toward the swash plate 14. This action continues until
the combination of pressure and pump displacement is within
acceptable limits.
FIG. 3 shows a modified form of pump control still within the scope
of this invention. Like elements of FIG. 3 have the same reference
numerals as used in FIGS. 1 and 2. One of the principal differences
of FIG. 3 as compared to FIGS. 1 and 2 is in the construction of
the pressure and displacement sensitive valve (PDV) 120 and its
feedback mechanism. Fluid responsive surface 122 is the projected
end of plunger 95 rather than being a part of valve spool 21 of
FIG. 1. Surface 122 of plunger 95 cooperates with a spring 96 to
form a fluid pressure to position transducer that is responsive to
the fluid pressure in chamber 123. The resultant positional output
as reflected by the position of plunger 95 is combined with the
feedback signal indicating the pump displacement through the action
of links 97 and 98 and pivots 99, 100, 101 and 102 for activation
of valve spool 121 through a link 103 and a pivot 104.
A second difference of the FIG. 3 construction is in the connection
of the PDV 120 to sensor valve 29. PDV 120 of FIG. 3 is a two-way
torque or pressure-and-displacement-sensitive valve connected in a
parallel relationship with sensor valve 29. PDV 120 can be
effective to reduce the displacement of pump 10 even though sensor
valve 29 is actuated to the left by bias spring 46. The ability of
sensor valve 29 to increase the displacement of pump 10 is limited
by valve 29 having a limited conductance or by a fluid restrictor.
The use of either a fluid restrictor 105 or a fluid restrictor 106
will be sufficiently restrictive to the fluid being discharged from
piston 16, through sensor valve 29 such that PDV 120 is effective
to reduce the displacement of pump 10 by directing pressure fluid
into control cylinder 19. This type of valving connection will also
function with the swash plate inclination of FIG. 1. In this case
PDV 120 would control flow from cylinder 19 to sump and the
restrictor limiting the conductance of sensor valve 29 would be
located either as shown by restrictor 105 or by a restrictor in
conduit 107.
A third difference in the FIG. 3 construction is seen in the
location of flow responsive means 40. Flow responsive means 40 is
shown located in return line 108 between fluid motor 45 and sump
109. This construction requires that pilot relief valve 61 be
located to supply fluid to chamber 38 of sensor valve 29 rather
than relieving pressure from chamber 39 as shown in the
constructions of FIGS. 1 and 2. Fluid restrictor 110 cooperates
with pilot relief valve 61 to limit the flow from chamber 38 to
sump 109 through return line -08 so that the flow from pilot relief
valve 61 is sufficient to build pressure in chamber 38 that will
overcome the force exerted by spring 46. Resistor 111 cooperates
with pilot relief valve 61 to cause a pressure drop for actuating
bypass valve 63.
It should be noticed that chamber 39 of sensor valve 29 is
connected to sump 109 through conduits 112 and 108. It is apparent
that the operation of FIG. 3 construction would be the same if
chamber 39 were vented to the atmosphere. Sensor valve 29 would
still be operated by a differential pressure, that is, the
difference between the pressure signal transmitted by the flow
responsive means or variable orifice and atmospheric pressure. It
should also be noticed that orifice 40 produces only a single
pressure signal in the FIG. 3 configuration if we consider the
pressure signal in the conduit 108 to be zero between orifice 40
and sump 109. Thus it is apparent that orifice 40 provides a
pressure signal proportional to flow. Even when differential
pressures are used from flow-responsive means 40 to actuate sensor
valve 29 it is apparent that the pressure signal is the difference
in pressures in control conduits 112 and 113, and that this
pressure signal acts upon sensor valve 29 to move it from a first
operating position to a second operating position.
In FIG. 4 a bypass-type sensor valve 229 is shown which comprises a
modification of sensor valve 29 of FIG. 2 to add a third operating
position to bypass excess fluid.
Referring to FIG. 4, bypass-type sensor valve 229 is shown in a
neutral position, as represented by box 201, in which fluid
communication is blocked between conduit 49 and the conduits 52,
207A, and 207B thereby blocking fluid in the control piston chamber
83 which is connected to conduit 49 (FIGS. 2 and 2A).
Sensor valve 229 is actuated to its operating positions by operator
202, operator 203, and bias spring 204. Operators 202 and 203
correspond respectively to areas 36 and 37 and to chambers 38 and
39 of FIG. 2.
Sensor valve 229 is moved to its first operating position by bias
spring 204 when the fluid pressure in operators 202 and 203
approach a predetermined differential. This first operating
position is shown by box 205. Pressure fluid trapped in piston
chamber 83 (FIGS. 2 and 2A) then is released via conduit 49, valve
communication path 206 and exhaust port 207 to sump 34A. The
releasing of fluid from chamber 83 allows an increase in pump
displacement (FIG. 2) which results in an increase in flow and an
increase in pressure drop across orifice 40 thereby moving sensor
valve 229 back to its neutral position.
In like manner, sensor valve 229 is actuated to second or pump
displacement decreasing position 208 when fluid pressure in
operator 202 is sufficient to overcome the combined force produced
by operator 203 and spring 204. In position 208 passage 208A
connects the pressure conduit 52 and conduit 49 to decrease pump
displacement.
A third operating position, not previously described is shown by
box 209. An excess of pressure differential between conduits 41 and
44 beyond that necessary to force sensor valve 229 to its second
operating position, will be effective to move sensor valve 229 to
third operating position 209.
In the third operating position, pressure from conduit 52 is
applied to valve passage 210 and is then applied to chamber 83 of
FIG. 2 via passage 211 and conduit 49 to decrease the displacement
of the pump and to passage 212 and exhaust port 207A to bypass
excess fluid.
A fourth operating position represented by box 213 may be utilized
to obtain a more nearly idealized combination of large flow area.
The value of the fourth operating position is that an additional
bypass flow path is achieved since bypass flow also takes place
through passage 214 and exhaust port 207B as well as through
passage 211 and exhaust port 207A as in position 209.
It is apparent that the bypass type sensor valve 229 provides the
same function as does bypass valve 63 of FIG. 2 and that it is
responsive to the same signals, that is, excess pressure and excess
flow. Therefore bypass valve 63 of FIG. 2 can be eliminated from
the circuit of FIG. 2 if bypass sensor valve 229 is used.
Various features of the invention have been particularly shown and
described. However, it should be obvious to one skilled in the art
that modifications may be made therein without departing from the
scope of the invention.
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