U.S. patent number 3,634,992 [Application Number 05/003,576] was granted by the patent office on 1972-01-18 for frames.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Imperial Chemical Industries Limited. Invention is credited to Graeme Hughes.
United States Patent |
3,634,992 |
Hughes |
January 18, 1972 |
FRAMES
Abstract
Frame members are assembled for two components in such a way
that a flange on one component butts against a flange on the other
component to form a closed hollow ridge along one side of the frame
member. A projection completes the closed hollow ridge, and the
projection functions to guide the flanges into correct abutting
relationship.
Inventors: |
Hughes; Graeme (Wadesmill,
EN) |
Assignee: |
Imperial Chemical Industries
Limited (London, EN)
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Family
ID: |
26240488 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/003,576 |
Filed: |
January 9, 1970 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
Issue Date |
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682302 |
Nov 11, 1967 |
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Foreign Application Priority Data
|
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Nov 28, 1966 [GB] |
|
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53,153/66 |
Feb 9, 1967 [GB] |
|
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6,173/67 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
52/204.7 |
Current CPC
Class: |
E06B
3/22 (20130101); E06B 1/28 (20130101); E06B
1/18 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
E06B
1/12 (20060101); E06B 1/28 (20060101); E06B
1/04 (20060101); E06B 3/04 (20060101); E06B
1/18 (20060101); E06B 3/22 (20060101); E06b
003/22 () |
Field of
Search: |
;52/730-732,235,241,238,204,476,475,495 ;49/504,501,392,390 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Murtagh; John E.
Parent Case Text
This application is a continuation of application Ser. No. 682,302,
filed Nov. 11, 1967, now abandoned.
Claims
I claim:
1. A window or door frame member having a main hollow cross section
and a closed hollow ridge extending along at least one of its
sides, said frame member being assembled from two components which
include
a. a first component having a flange extending substantially
perpendicularly to a portion of said first component, which portion
forms one side of the main hollow cross section of the frame member
and
b. a second component having a flange extending substantially
perpendicularly to an extension of a portion of said second
component, which portion forms an adjacent side of the main hollow
cross section of the frame member,
said closed hollow ridge being produced upon assembly of said two
components by abutting the end of the flange of said first
component against the flange on said second component such that the
flange on said first component and the flange on said second
component form two adjacent sides of said hollow closed ridge,
and said second component being provided with at least one
projection which engages with a corner of the first component
between the flange of the first component and the portion of the
first component which forms the one side of the main hollow cross
section, as the two components are brought together, to guide the
end of the flange of the first component into abutting relationship
with the flange of the second component.
2. A frame member according to claim 1, in which the closed hollow
ridge has four sides comprising the flange of said first component,
the flange of said second component, said projection and said
extension.
3. A frame member according to claim 1, in which the projection
comprises a plurality of spaced projections.
4. A frame member according to claim 1, in which the flange of the
first component has a lip directed towards the extension of the
second component and seated in a recess in the flange extending
from the extension of the second component.
5. A frame member according to claim 1, in which the projection has
a ledge for engaging the corner of the first component.
6. A frame member according to claim 1 in which the projection is
cut away to provide a spigot for location in a corresponding socket
in the first component, the spigot and socket being equidistant
from corresponding ends of their respective components thereby
serving to longitudinally locate the components with respect to
each other.
7. A frame member according to claim 1 in which the two components
are bonded together.
Description
The present invention relates to frame members and to frames
suitable as door or window frames assembled from the frame members.
The frame members and frames are formed from plastics
materials.
According to the present invention we provide a frame member having
a main hollow cross section assembled from two components and
having a ridge extending longitudinally therealong, said ridge
being produced upon assembly of the two components by uniting a
flange of the first component which flange extends at an angle to a
portion of the first component which portion forms at least part of
one side of the main hollow cross section, with a flange of the
second component extending at an angle to an extension of a portion
of the second component which portion forms at least part of an
adjacent side of the main hollow cross section such that the end of
the flange of the first component abuts against the flange of the
second component, a projection being formed on the first or the
second component for engaging the other component and locating the
abutment of the flanges of the two components.
According to a further aspect of the present invention we provide a
frame member having a main hollow, rectangular, cross section
assembled from two components wherein the first component has a
flange extending substantially perpendicularly to a portion of that
component which portion forms one side of the main hollow
rectangular cross section of the frame member and the second
component has a flange, extending substantially perpendicularly to
an extension of a portion of the second component which portion
forms an adjacent side of the main hollow rectangular cross section
of the frame member, when in the assembled form the end of the
flange of said first component abutting against the flange on said
second component, said second component being provided with at
least one projection which engages with the corner of the first
component between the flange of the first component and the portion
of the first component which forms one side of the main hollow
rectangular cross section, as the two components are brought
together to guide the end of the flange of the first component into
abutting relationship with the flange of the second component.
Also according to the invention we provide a frame member of
generally rectangular cross section assembled from a component
having a generally U-shaped cross section and a capping component
which forms the fourth side of the generally rectangular cross
section of the frame member, said capping component being of a
generally channel-sectioned cross section having a base and flanges
forming the sides of the channel, which flanges extend
substantially perpendicularly to extensions of each end of the
base, and when the U-shaped component and said capping component
are assembled, the ends of flanges extending from the sides of the
"U" of the U-shaped component abut against the flanges of said
capping component, said capping component being provided with
projections projecting from the channel section between the base
and the extensions of the base, said projections engaging with the
corners of the U-shaped component between the sides of the "U" and
the flanges thereon as the U-shaped component and the capping
component are brought together so as to guide the flanges of the
U-shaped component into abutting relationship with the flanges of
the capping component.
The invention also concerns door or window frames when assembled
from frame members according to the invention. Both the outer fixed
frame and the inner moving frame may be made in accordance with the
invention and the term "door or window frames" is to be understood
to embrace this meaning. For example, the fixed outer frame and the
inner moving sash frame of a window may be assembled from frame
members according to the invention.
A preferred method of producing the components is to compression
mould them from a partially cured sheet of reinforced thermosetting
resin, e.g., glass fiber-reinforced polyester resin.
It is preferred that the hollow cross section of the frame member
should be substantially rectangular. Within the term "substantially
rectangular" we intend to include cases where at least one side,
and possibly more than one side, of a component is made slightly
nonperpendicular to its adjacent side, e.g., by from 1/2.degree. to
3.degree.. It is particularly advantageous to provide for this
degree of nonperpendicularity in components which are formed by
moulding since this facilitates removal of the moulded component
from the mould.
The ridge is preferably also of hollow cross section, although it
need not be hollow and may assume a solid form.
The flanges of the first and second components are preferably
arranged "substantially perpendicular" to said portion of the first
component forming at least part of one side of the hollow cross
section and to the extension of the second component respectively.
Within the term "substantially perpendicular" we include cases
where the flanges are slightly nonperpendicular to their associated
portion or extension, e.g., by from 1/2.degree. to 3.degree..
The projection is preferably formed on the second component for
ease of manufacture of the component, particularly when compression
moulding of a partially cured sheet of reinforced thermosetting
resin is used, and is preferably located at the junction of the
extension and the portion of the second component extended by the
extension. It is also desirable to make the general plane of the
projection perpendicular to the portion of the second component
forming at least part of said adjacent side and to its extension,
and to connect the projection to this portion and extension. It is
not necessary for the projection to extend the whole length of
either component on which it is formed. Indeed it may only extend
for a minor proportion of this length or may be broken into a
plurality of spaced projections. The projection may take the form
of a support and locating means for supporting the flange of the
first component in spaced relationship to the extension of the
second component when the ridge is hollow.
The projection is preferably cut away to provide a spigot for
location in a corresponding socket in the first component, the
spigot and socket being equidistant from corresponding ends of
their respective components thereby serving to longitudinally
locate the components with respect to each other.
The frame member is produced from the two components by bonding
together the abutting surfaces of the flanges of each and bonding
the projection of one component to the surface of the other
component against which it abuts.
Production of the frame member may be effected by assembling the
two components with the flanges and projection in an unshaped
condition. Alternatively one or both of the flanges and/or the
projection may be shaped to facilitate assembly, for instance
channel may be formed in either of the flanges or projection to
accommodate the mating part, or the abutting surfaces of the
flanges and projection may be bevelled or may be formed with
interengaging teeth or studs and cavities.
It is convenient during the moulding of the frame components to
make provision for any functional features that may be desirable.
For instance, a longitudinal channel may be moulded into the ridge
for accommodating a weather sealing strip.
In order that the present invention may be more readily understood
several embodiments thereof are now described by way of example
only and with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 is a cross section of parts of the two components of a frame
member near a joint between the components;
FIG. 2 is a detailed cross section of two components shown in a
slightly separated state, which may be assembled into a frame
member;
FIG. 3 is a cross section of two components shown in a slightly
separated state, which may be assembled into a frame member;
FIG. 4 is a cross section of a preferred joint between two
components of a frame member, only part of the frame member being
shown;
FIG. 5 is a cross section of a joint between two components of a
frame member having a solid flange, only part of the frame member
being shown;
FIG. 6 is a cross section of an asymmetrical frame member;
FIG. 7 is an exploded perspective view of parts of two components
which may be assembled to form a window frame member;
FIGS 8 to 12 are end elevational views of parts of assembled frame
members, each showing a particular and alternative way of forming
the ridge;
FIGS. 13 and 14 are end elevational views of parts of frame members
in separated form, each showing further ways of forming the
ridge;
FIG. 15 is a sectional view along line 15--15 of FIG. 14; and
FIG. 16 is a sectional view taken through two frame members.
In FIG. 1, one side of the generally rectangular cross section of
the frame member, which is shown approximately by the dotted lines,
is formed by a portion 1 of a first component forming part of a
side of the hollow cross section of the frame member. A flange 2 is
formed on the end of portion 1 extending in a generally
perpendicular direction to the portion 1. The second frame
component has a portion 3 forming an adjacent side of the generally
rectangular cross section, and a flange 4 extending in a generally
perpendicular direction to an extension 3a of portion 3. A
projection 5, having an inclined or bevelled face 6 is provided on
the second component and projects upwardly at the junction of the
portion 3 and the extension 3a such that as the first component is
moved towards the second component in the direction of the arrow,
corner 7 of the first component between portion 1 and flange 2
engages with the inclined face 6 of projection 5 to guide the end 8
of flange 2 into abutting relationship with flange 4 thereby
producing a boxlike ridge.
In general, both joints between the two components will be of the
same type and although this is by no means essential it is strongly
preferred.
The invention is applicable to two particular forms of construction
which are considered separately hereinafter.
In the first form the frame member is assembled from two similarly
shaped components, each having the general cross-sectional form of
an "L" with a small flange extending from the end of one limb of
the "L" in a direction substantially perpendicular to that limb and
away from the other limb of the "L.".
In FIG. 2 component A has a generally L-shaped cross section formed
by its limbs 9a and 10a which comprise two of the sides of the
hollow cross section of the frame member. The limb 9a is extended
by an extension 9'. A flange 12a extends substantially
perpendicularly from the end of the extension and a flange 11a
extends substantially perpendicularly from the end of the limb 10 a
and away from the limb 9a. Projection 13a is provided integrally
with and extending from limb 9a between limb 10a and flange 12a.
This projection 13a has an inclined face 14a. Component B is
constructed in similar fashion, equivalent members to those in
component A being designated by the same reference numeral suffixed
by the letter b instead of the letter a except for the equivalent
to extension 9' which is designated 9". When compounds A, B are to
be joined together to produce the boxlike ridges with the end of
flange 11a of component A abutting against the flange 12b of
component B, and the end of the flange 11b of component B abutting
against the flange 12a of component A, the projection 13a of
component A engages with the corner of component B between limbs
10b and flange 11b, and projection 13b of component B engages with
the corner of component A between limb 10a and flange 11a, the
engagement of the projections with the corners guiding the flanges
11a, 11b into abutting relationship with the flanges 12b and 12a
respectively.
When the two components are joined together corner 15a, between
flange 11a and limb 10a, of component A engages with the inclined
face 14b of projection 13b. Likewise corner 15b of component B
engages with face 14a of projection 13a. As the components are
moved closer together, i.e., as the distance between limbs 9a and
9b is decreased, the corners 15a and 15b are guided by the inclined
faces 14b and 14a until the ends 16a, 16b of flanges 11a, 11b abut
against flanges 12b and 12a respectively. The frame member produced
from these components has an approximately hollow rectangular cross
section with ridges extending in opposite directions from two
opposite sides of the rectangle.
The other form of construction to which the principle of the
invention is applicable is where the frame member is constructed
from a generally U-shaped component.
One form of this second type of construction is illustrated in FIG.
3 in which the parts to the left of the centerline X--X are
designated with the suffix a while the parts to the right are
designated with the suffix b.
The generally U-shaped component has a base 17a, 17b and sides 18a,
18b at the ends of which are outwardly extending flanges 19a, 19b.
The capping component is generally channel sectioned and has a base
20a, 20b and flanges 21a, 21b extending substantially
perpendicularly to extensions 34a, 34b at each end of the base 20a,
20b. Projections 22a, 22b are provided between base 20a and
extension 34a, and base 20b and extension 34b respectively and have
inclined faces 23a, 23b.
As the generally U-shaped component is brought towards the capping
component, i.e., as the distance between base 17a, 17b and base
20a, 20b is decreased, the corners 24a, 24b of the U-shaped
component between sides 18a, 18b and flanges 19a, 19b respectively
engage with the inclined faces 23a, 23b of projections 22a, 22b to
guide the ends 25a, 25b of flanges 19a, 19b into abutting
relationship with the flanges 21a, 21b. The two components are
bonded together with a polyester resin.
It is seen that in each of the two particular forms of the
invention described hereinbefore, the joint assumes the form
illustrated in FIG. 1.
In FIG. 4 which shows a boxlike ridge of a frame member the flange
26 of one component is provided with a small, downwardly extending
lip 27 directed towards the extension 33 of the second component
which, when the first component is in abutting relationship with
flange 28 of the second component, is seated in a recess 28a in
flange 28. Also projection 29 of the second component is provided
with an inclined face 30 with which corner 31 of the first
component engages during assembly, and a ledge 32 on which part of
the underside of flange 26 at the corner 31 is supported so as to
space and support the flange 26 away from the extension 33. The
projection 29 also serves to locate the flange 26 between itself
and the flange 28. The components are bonded together with a
polyester resin.
In the embodiments described hereinbefore, the assembled components
form a boxlike ridge on the frame member, i.e., referring to FIG. 4
flange 26 is held in spaced relationship to extension 33 of the
second component.
While a boxlike ridge construction is preferred, it is by no means
essential. An alternative solid ridge is illustrated in FIG. 5 in
which the flange 36 of the first component is seated directly on
the extension 37 of the second component, and abuts against a small
flange 38 on the end of extension 37. The first component is guided
into the abutting position by means of a projection 39 against
which corner 40 of the first component engages during assembly. The
projection 39 serves to locate the flange 36 between itself and the
flange 38.
The projections which engage with the corners of the other
component may take the form of a series of small projections at
spaced intervals along the length of the component or may be in the
form of a continuous ridge along the length of the component. The
height of the projection above the extension on the second
component is preferably higher than that of the flange on the
second component against which the end of the flange on the first
component abuts. The projection need not have an inclined corner
engaging face although this is to be preferred. The angle of
inclination of the inclined face, i.e., angle .alpha. in FIG. 4,
may be relatively small, e.g., 3.degree.-10.degree. to the
perpendicular from the extension 37, or the inclined face may be
curved.
The present invention is particularly suitable for application in
the design of frames, e.g., window frames, made from synthetic
polymeric materials, particularly fiber-reinforced polyester
resins. One particularly suitable method of production is to
compression mould a partially cured mat or sheet of glass fiber
reinforced polyester resin such as that sold under the trade name
Flomat. During such a moulding process, flanges and projections may
be moulded integrally with the component.
When making components by such moulding techniques, in order to
ensure easy removal of the moulding from the mould, the frame
member is generally designed to make the generally rectangular
cross section slightly nonrectangular, i.e., one side of a
component is made slightly nonperpendicular, by a small amount,
e.g., 1/2.degree. to 3.degree. to an adjacent side of the
component.
Also for some applications it may be desired to make the frame
member asymmetrical, for example a boxlike ridge on one side of the
frame member may be of a different size to a boxlike ridge on the
other side of the frame member.
Such an asymmetrical frame member is illustrated in cross section
in FIG. 6 which is a cross section of an assembled asymmetrical
frame member having base ridges 41, 42 of different sizes.
The window frame components 43, 44 illustrated in FIG. 7 are
produced by the compression moulding of a partially cured mat of
glass fiber-reinforced polyester resin and each has a flange 45
formed at the end of an extension 46 to a limb 47 and perpendicular
thereto. Another limb 48 connected to the limb 47 extends
perpendicular to and in the same direction as the flange 45. The
flange 45 has a longitudinally extending recess 49 such that when
the two components 43, 44 are assembled a lip 50 on a flange 51 at
the end of the limb 48 remote from the limb 47 is able to seat
therein in abutting relationship with the side of the recess 49. A
projection 52 extending parallel to the flange 45 and located
between the extension 46 and the limb 47 has a ledge 53 and a
fillet 54. In the component 44 the fillet 54 is cut away at one end
to provide a spigot 55. A socket shown by dotted lines 56 is
moulded into a ridge 57 in the corresponding end of the component
43 at a distance from the end equal to that of the spigot 55 from
the end of the component 44.
In order that the ends of the two assembled components 43, 44 are
rendered flush with each other to provide level end faces on each
end of the window frame member the spigot 55 and socket 56 are used
for longitudinal location of the components, hence the spigot 55
and socket 56 are located equidistant from the ends of the
components 43, 44. The spigot 55 and socket 56 are of equal length
in the longitudinal direction of the components, as shown in FIG.
7, so that upon assembly of the components the spigot 55 fits into
the socket 56 with a tight but sliding fit.
It is desirable to ensure that the assembled window frame member
has level end faces to facilitate the mating of the member with
other members also having level end faces when a complete window
frame is being constructed.
The components assembled into a window frame member are preferably
bonded together with a suitable bonding agent, such as a polyester
resin, along mating surfaces, such as those between the lips 50 and
recesses 49, and the fillets 54 and ledges 53. It has been found
that the most satisfactory bond is obtained if the mating surfaces
are not made tight interference fits but are such that a small
space remains therebetween to locate the bonding agent so that the
bonding agent is not squeezed out of the space during assembly of
the components.
The components shown in all of FIGS. 8 to 16 were produced by the
compression moulding of a partially cured sheet of glass
fiber-reinforced polyester resin.
FIG. 8 shows a ridge 110 of hollow cross section extending
longitudinally along the length of a frame member of hollow cross
section (not shown in full). A first component 111 has a flange 112
perpendicular to and integral with a portion 113 forming part of
one side of the hollow cross section of the member. A second
component 114 has a flange 115 extending perpendicular to and
integral with an extension 116 to side 117 of the rectangular cross
section adjacent to the portion 113 of the first component 111. A
projection 118 perpendicular to and integral with the extension 116
and side 117 of the second component 114 extends longitudinally
along the second component 114 by supporting the first component
111 in the region of the connection between the flange 112 and the
portion 113. The frame member 110 is assembled by bonding together
the abutting surfaces of the flanges 112 and 115 and bonding the
projection 118 to the first component 111 in the region of
connections between the flange 112 and the portion 113, these parts
being in an unshaped condition. The bonding agent is a polyester
resin glue.
FIGS. 9 to 15 differ from FIG. 8 only in the manner of joining the
first component to the flange and projection of the second
component. Accordingly like components shown in FIGS. 9 to 15 are
represented by the same reference numerals used for like components
shown in FIG. 8 and the reader is referred to the description of
FIG. 8 for an understanding of these later figures, apart from the
description of the manner of joining the first component which is
now described.
In FIG. 9, the flange 115 has a longitudinal channel or recess 120
at its upper edge extending along its inner face. Likewise, the
projection 118 has a similar channel 121 facing the channel 120.
The channels 120 and 121 have dimensions which will accommodate the
flange 112 supporting it in spaced relation to the flange 116. The
channel 121 also serves to laterally locate the flange 112 between
the projection 118 and the flange 115.
The ridge 110 shown in FIG. 10 also has a channel or recess 120 in
the flange 115 equivalent to that shown in FIG. 9. The projection
118 has a bevelled upper edge 122 while the first component 111 has
a corresponding bevelled corner 123 between the portion 113 and the
flange 112. This arrangement is such that when the first and second
components 111 and 114 are assembled the bevelled corner 123
engages with the bevelled edge 122 and the beveled corner 123 is
cause to slide across the bevelled edge 122 to guide the end of the
flange 112 into position in the channel 120.
The construction shown in FIG. 11 is similar to that shown in FIG.
10 but the projection 118 is provided with a channel 125 facing the
flange 115, and the flange 112 has a bevelled edge 126 while the
flange 115 has a bevelled edge 127. The interaction between the
bevelled edges 126 and 127 upon assembly of the frame member has
the effect of guiding a corner 128 of the first component into
position within the channel 125.
In the frame member shown in FIG. 12 the flange 115 and projection
118 of the second component 114 have facing bevelled edges 130 and
131 respectively. There is a corresponding bevelled edge 132 on the
flange 112 and a bevelled corner 133 between the flange 112 and the
portion 113 of the first component 111.
In FIG. 13, the flange 115 has a channel or recess 135
corresponding to the end of the flange 112. Along the edge of the
projection 118 a plurality of studs 136 are arranged to be located
within a corresponding plurality of cavities 137 (represented by
dotted lines) in the first component 111.
In FIGS. 14 and 15, the flange 115 has a channel or recess 140
corresponding to and for receiving the end of the flange 112. The
projection 118 has a castellated edge 141, as best shown in FIG.
15, whilst the first component 111 has a plurality of teeth 142 for
engaging with the castellated edge 141 when the frame member is
assembled.
It will be understood that a similar castellated edge may be formed
on the flange 115 to engage with teeth on the flange 112 and that
this may be incorporated in a frame member in which the projection
118 is attached to the first component 111 by any of the expedients
described with reference to the preceding drawings.
In FIG. 16, a frame member 145 of a moving window casement frame is
shown associated with a frame member 146 for installation in a
window aperture in the wall of a building. Both frame members 145
and 146 are constructed in a manner already described, the ridges
147, 148, 149 and 150 being formed substantially as described with
reference to FIG. 8. A longitudinal channel 151 is formed in a
flange 152 of component 153, into which is bonded with a polyester
resin glue a rubber sealing strip 154.
It will be understood that any of the joints between the flanges of
the first and second components as described above can be used for
joining the projection and the corner of the first component
between the flange 112 and the portion 113, and vice versa.
Frame members made in accordance with the present invention may be
used for a variety of purposes but are particularly of use in the
construction of frames for building applications such as door and
window frames. It will be appreciated that the generally
rectangular cross section may be modified in places, for example by
the provision of recesses, flanges and the like for particular
purposes.
* * * * *