U.S. patent number 3,632,924 [Application Number 05/045,197] was granted by the patent office on 1972-01-04 for pressure difference responsive electric switches with releasable detents and direction of response indicators.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Rootes Motors Limited. Invention is credited to Stephen James Harper.
United States Patent |
3,632,924 |
Harper |
January 4, 1972 |
PRESSURE DIFFERENCE RESPONSIVE ELECTRIC SWITCHES WITH RELEASABLE
DETENTS AND DIRECTION OF RESPONSE INDICATORS
Abstract
A pressure difference responsive device is drivably connected to
a movable contact on an electric switch to close the switch when a
pressure difference occurs. The switch is connected in an electric
circuit including a warning device and the switch is held closed by
releasable detents when the pressure difference has been
removed.
Inventors: |
Harper; Stephen James
(Coventry, EN) |
Assignee: |
Rootes Motors Limited (London,
EN)
|
Family
ID: |
10311432 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/045,197 |
Filed: |
June 10, 1970 |
Foreign Application Priority Data
|
|
|
|
|
Jun 17, 1969 [GB] |
|
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30,679/69 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
200/82D; 116/264;
200/572; 340/452 |
Current CPC
Class: |
H01H
35/38 (20130101); B60T 17/226 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
H01H
35/38 (20060101); B60T 17/18 (20060101); H01H
35/24 (20060101); B60T 17/22 (20060101); H01h
035/38 () |
Field of
Search: |
;340/52C,60
;200/153LA,82D,169PB,83A,166SD ;116/124L,124D,114AE |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Schaefer; Robert K.
Assistant Examiner: Vanderhye; Robert A.
Claims
1. A pressure difference responsive electric switch comprising; an
electric switch having a housing containing an insulated movable
carrier, a first contact fixed in the housing, a second contact
mounted on the carrier, a releasable detent on the carrier to hold
the carrier in a position in which the contacts are engaged, and a
plunger engaging the carrier and projecting from the housing for
displacing the carrier into said position in which the contacts are
engaged by movement of the housing, spring means for biasing the
plunger outwardly of the housing, a cam engaging the projecting
part of the plunger for displacing the plunger inwardly of the
housing, a device responsive to a fluid pressure difference for
moving the cam to displace the plunger inwardly of the housing and
means to limit movement of said device to maintain the cam in
engagement with the plunger so that when the difference in fluid
pressure is removed the plunger under the action of the spring
means returns the pressure responsive device to
2. A pressure difference responsive electric switch comprising a
housing having fixed and movable contacts, the movable contact
being mounted on a carrier, a releasable holding means for holding
the carrier when the contacts are engaged, a device responsive to a
fluid pressure difference between two fluid pressure sources for
moving the carrier by differing amounts to close the contacts
according to which of the sources is at the lower pressure, an
indicator member mounted on the carrier and projecting through an
aperture in the housing so as to be visible externally of the
housing to indicate, when the device responds to a pressure
difference
3. A pressure difference responsive electric switch as claimed in
claim 2 wherein the releasable holding means comprise at least one
detent mounted on the carrier and an abutment on the housing for
engagement by the detent in the switch closed position to hold the
carrier in the closed position.
4. A pressure difference responsive electric switch as claimed in
claim 2 wherein the indicator member is moved through the aperture
outwardly of the housing by movement of the carrier towards the
switch closed position.
5. A pressure difference responsive electric switch as claimed in
claim 4 wherein the end of the part of the indicator member which
projects through aperture is flush with the outer surface of the
housing when there is no difference in pressure between the two
sources and the member has a shoulder adjacent said end which is
flush with the outer surface of the housing when one source of
pressure is lower than the other and which shoulder is displaced
outwardly of the outer surface of the housing when
6. A pressure difference responsive electric switch as claimed in
claim 2 wherein the pressure difference responsive device comprises
a cylinder having openings at the opposite ends thereof for
connection to the two sources of fluid pressure a double-acting
piston assembly in the cylinder, which assembly has two pistons
connected together by a cam member which is engaged by a plunger
extending radially into the cylinder, the plunger being in driving
engagement with the carrier of the electric switch and the cam
member being shaped to displace the plunger by differing amounts
for equivalent movements of the piston assembly according to which
end of
7. A pressure difference responsive electric switch as claimed in
claim 6 wherein the cam member of the piston assembly comprises two
truncated cones arranged end to end with their minor bases
together, one of which cones is shorter and is more steeply tapered
than the other and the plunger is spring-urged towards the cam
member so that after the pressures at the ends of the cylinder have
been equalized the plunger displaces the piston assembly until it
engages in the waist formed by the smaller ends of the two cones
and means are provided for limiting movement of the piston assembly
to equal movements on either side of the intermediate position so
that the plunger is displaced by differing amounts when a pressure
difference between the cylinder ends occurs according to which
8. A vehicle-braking system comprising two fluid pressure-producing
devices, a number of fluid pressure operated braking devices, two
fluid lines connecting the pressure-producing devices to the
braking devices, a pressure difference responsive electric switch
as claimed in claim 2 the pressure difference responsive device of
which is connected to the two fluid lines and the electric switch,
of which is connected in an electric
9. A vehicle-braking system as claimed in claim 8 wherein the
warning device is an electric light.
Description
This invention relates to pressure difference responsive electric
switches.
The invention provides a pressure difference responsive electric
switch comprising an electric switch, a device responsive to a
difference in fluid pressure between two fluid pressure sources to
close the switch and releasable means for holding the switch closed
after the fluid pressure difference has been removed.
The electric switch may comprise a housing having fixed and movable
contacts, the movable contact being mounted on a carrier and the
releasable holding means being arranged between the carrier and the
housing for holding the carrier in the switch closed position.
The releasable holding means may comprise at least one detent
mounted on the carrier and an abutment on the housing for
engagement by the detent in the switch closed position to hold the
carrier in the closed position.
The housing of the electric switch may have an aperture and an
indicator member movable with the carrier projects through the
aperture so as to be visible externally of the switch and the
pressure difference responsive device is arranged to move the
carrier by different amounts according to which of the sources is
at the lower pressure.
The indicator member may be moved through the aperture outwardly of
the housing by movement of the carrier towards the switch closed
position.
The end of the part of the indicator member which projects through
aperture may be flush with the outer surface of the housing when
there is no difference in pressure between the two sources and the
member may have a shoulder adjacent said end which is flush with
the outer surface of the housing when one source of pressure is
lower than the other and which shoulder is displaced outwardly of
the outer surface of the housing when said one source of pressure
is higher than the other.
The pressure difference responsive device may comprise a cylinder
having openings at the opposite ends thereof for connection to the
two sources of fluid pressure, a double-acting piston assembly in
the cylinder, which assembly has two pistons connected together by
a cam member which is engaged by a plunger extending radially into
the cylinder, the plunger being in driving engagement with the
carrier of the electric switch and the cam member being shaped to
displace the plunger by differing amounts for equivalent movements
of the piston assembly according to which end of the piston
assembly is subjected to the lower pressure.
The cam member of the piston assembly may comprise two truncated
cones arranged end to end with their minor bases together, one of
which cones is shorter and is more steeply tapered than the other,
and the plunger is spring-urged towards the cam member so that
after the pressures at the ends of the cylinder have been equalized
the plunger displaces the piston assembly until it engages in the
waist formed by the smaller ends of the two cones and means are
provided for limiting movement of the piston assembly to equal
movements on either side of the intermediate position so that the
plunger is displaced by differing amounts when a pressure
difference between the cylinder ends occurs according to which end
is at the lower pressure.
The invention also provides a vehicle-braking system comprising two
fluid pressure-producing devices, a number of fluid pressure
operated braking devices, two fluid lines connecting the
pressure-producing devices to the braking devices, a pressure
difference responsive electric switch according to any of the
arrangements referred to above in which the pressure difference
responsive device is connected to the two fluid lines and the
electric switch of which is connected in an electric circuit
including a warning device.
The warning device may be an electric light.
A specific example of an electric switch operated by a pressure
difference responsive device according to the invention will now be
described with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
FIG. 1 is a section through pressure difference responsive device
and the switch in the open position, the switch being sectioned on
the line 1--1 of FIG. 4;
FIG. 2 shows part of the section shown in FIG. 1 with the switch in
a first closed position;
FIG. 3 shows part of the section shown in FIG. 1 with the switch in
a second closed position;
FIG. 4 is a plan view of the switch; and
FIG. 5 is a section on the line 5--5 of FIG. 3.
The pressure responsive electric switch comprises a generally
cylindrical body 10 having a bore 11 which is closed at one end of
the body by a wall integral with the body and is closed at the
other end by a plug 12. Ports 13 are provided in the cylindrical
body 10 adjacent said one end for connection to a fluid line from
one master cylinder of a fluid pressure operated vehicle-braking
system and similar ports 14 are provided in the body adjacent the
other end for connection in a fluid line from another master
cylinder. A double-acting piston assembly 15 has two pistons 6, 7
secured together by a cam member comprising two end-to-end
truncated cones 8, 9 arranged with their minor bases together to
form a waist indicated at 16. The cone 8 is shorter and tapers more
steeply than the cone 9 for a purpose described later. Liquid seals
19 are provided at the remote ends of the piston assembly 15 and
stop members 20 project from the remote ends of the piston assembly
to limit movement of the assembly in the bore.
An electric switch indicated generally by the reference numeral 21
has a housing comprising a sidewall 22, a base 23 and a top 24. The
switch is secured to the cylindrical body 10 by a screw-threaded
spigot 25 on the base which engages in a radial bore formed midway
along the cylindrical body.
The housing of the switch contains a stepped sleeve 25 the smaller
diameter end of which engages in a bore 26 in the top 24 of the
housing. A compression spring 27 acts between the top 24 and the
step of the sleeve to urge the sleeve downwardly towards the base
of the switch. A contact ring 28 is fitted around the larger
diameter part of the sleeve and is engageable with two contacts 29
which extend into the switch housing through the cap 24 at
diametrically spaced locations. The contact ring 28 engages the
contacts 29 when the sleeve is raised to either of two upper
positions as described later. The two contacts are connected in an
electric circuit which includes a facia mounted warning light in
the vehicle so that when the circuit is completed by engagement of
the contact ring with the two contacts the warning light is
illuminated.
The smaller diameter end of the sleeve is closed by an end wall 30
and is engaged by an end of a plunger 31 for raising the sleeve.
The plunger extends through a bore in the spigot 25 and the other
end of the plunger engages the cam member of the double-acting
piston assembly in the cylindrical body 10.
When fluid pressure on the opposite ends of the piston assembly 15
is equal the assembly is located in a central position in the bore
11 and the plunger 31 engages the neck 16 of the cam member. When a
difference in fluid pressure acting on the opposite ends of the
assembly occurs the piston assembly is moved along the bore until
one of the steps 20 engages an end of the cylindrical body and
engagement of the plunger by one or other of the cones 8, 9 causes
the plunger to be driven upwardly thereby raising the sleeve 25.
Since the truncated cone 8 tapers at a steeper angle than the cone
9 the plunger 31 will raise the sleeve 25 to a higher position when
the piston assembly moves from left to right from its central
position than when the piston assembly moves from right to
left.
A cap 32 is fitted in the larger diameter part of the stepped
sleeve and encircles the plunger 31. The cap has an outwardly
extending flange 33 at its lower end which engages under two
downwardly facing abutment faces 34 (only one of which can be seen)
formed at the lower ends of two diametrically spaced vertical
ridges 35 on the sidewall of the housing to hold the cap against
upward movement.
The plunger 31 has an integral flange 36 at an intermediate
position in its length which is engageable with the upper face of
the base 23 of the switch housing to limit downward movement of the
plunger. A compression spring 37 acts between the flange and the
underside of the top of the cap 32 to urge the plunger downwardly
until the flange 36 engages the base 23 of the housing as shown in
FIG. 1. When a difference in fluid pressure acting on the ends of
the piston assembly 15 has caused the piston assembly to be
displaced to one or the other side of its central position so that
the plunger engages either the truncated cone 8 or the cone 9 and
the difference in fluid pressure has been removed, the plunger 31
is moved downwardly under the action of the spring 37 to return the
piston assembly to its central position when the plunger engages
the waist 16.
The stepped sleeve has an outwardly extending flange 38 at its
lower end which has two diametrically spaced slots 39 cut in its
periphery (one of which can be seen in FIG. 5) to receive the
vertical ridges 35 on the housing. Two vertically spaced upwardly
facing abutment faces 40, 41 are formed at the upper ends of each
of the two ridges. Two resilient detents 42 (only one of which is
shown) are mounted on the flange 38 adjacent the two slots 39
respectively for engaging the abutment faces 40 to hold the sleeve
in the first upper position and for engaging the abutment faces 41
to hold the sleeve in the second upper position.
The upper end of the sleeve is flush with the upper surface of the
top 24 of the housing when the sleeve is in its lower position. An
upwardly facing shoulder 43 is formed adjacent the upper end of the
sleeve and is flush with the upper surface of the top when the
sleeve is in its first upper position as shown in FIG. 2. The
shoulder on the end of the sleeve is displaced outwardly of the
upper surface of the top of the housing when the sleeve is in its
second upper position as shown in FIG. 3.
Thus when fluid pressure on the left hand of the piston assembly 15
falls due to a failure in the part of the braking system connected
to the ports 13 the piston assembly is moved to the left to the
position shown in FIG. 2 under the influence of the pressure
difference between the ends of the piston assembly. The plunger 31
is driven outwardly by the truncated cone 9 and the plunger lifts
the sleeve 31 to engage the contact ring 28 with the two contacts
29 and thereby illuminate the warning light. The upper end of the
sleeve is then displaced outwardly of the top of the switch housing
giving a further visual indication that a fault has occurred and
the shoulder at the upper end of the sleeve is flush with the upper
surface of the cab indicating that the loss of pressure has
occurred in the part of the braking system connected to the
left-hand end of the cylinder body 10. The detents 42 engage the
lower faces 40 to hold the sleeve 25 in its upper position so that
when the vehicle brakes are released and the piston assembly 15
returns to its central position under the action of the
spring-urged plunger 31 the sleeve 25 remains in its upper position
continuing to indicate that a fault in part of the braking system
has occurred. When the fault has been repaired the projecting upper
end of the sleeve is pushed down manually until it is flush with
the upper end of the sleeve thereby releasing the detents 42 from
the abutment faces 40 and disengaging the contact ring 28 from the
two contacts 29.
If the fall in fluid pressure occurs in the part of the braking
system connected to the right-hand end of the cylinder 10 the
piston assembly 15 moves from left to right to the position shown
in FIG. 3 and the plunger 31 is displaced outwardly by a greater
amount so that the shoulder adjacent the upper end of the sleeve 25
is raised above the upper surface of the top of the switch housing.
It will thus be appreciated that a fault has occurred in the part
of the braking system connected to the right-hand end of the
cylinder. The contact ring 28 engages the two contacts 29 so that
the facia light is illuminated and the detents 42 engage the upper
faces 41 on the sidewall of the housing to hold the sleeve in the
displaced position until the fault has been rectified.
It will be appreciated that many modifications may be made to the
above-described embodiment without departing from the scope of the
invention. For example the shoulder adjacent the end of the sleeve
25 may be covered differently from the rest of the end of the
sleeve so that visual indication of which of the upper positions
the sleeve has reached is easier.
* * * * *