U.S. patent number 3,631,838 [Application Number 05/015,412] was granted by the patent office on 1972-01-04 for device for dry development in electrophotography.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Minolta Camera Kabushiki Kaisha. Invention is credited to Teizo Kushima, Masaya Ogawa.
United States Patent |
3,631,838 |
Kushima , et al. |
January 4, 1972 |
DEVICE FOR DRY DEVELOPMENT IN ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY
Abstract
An electrophotographic developing device using developing powder
containing a tuner and a carrier, which developing powder is
applied to each photosensitive paper being developed by a magnetic
developing roller. The magnetic developing roller consists of a
plurality of sliced permanent magnets with spacers inserted between
adjacent magnets. The sliced permanent magnets facilitate formation
of magnetic brush ears of the developing powder on the peripheral
surface of the magnetic developing roller, so as to insure even
distribution of said developing powder over the entire span of the
photosensitive paper.
Inventors: |
Kushima; Teizo (Osaka,
JA), Ogawa; Masaya (Osaka, JA) |
Assignee: |
Minolta Camera Kabushiki Kaisha
(Osaka, JA)
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Family
ID: |
27454624 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/015,412 |
Filed: |
March 2, 1970 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
Issue Date |
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729681 |
May 16, 1968 |
3557751 |
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Foreign Application Priority Data
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May 20, 1967 [JA] |
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42/32017 |
Feb 5, 1968 [JA] |
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43/7060 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
399/277;
399/279 |
Current CPC
Class: |
G03G
15/0921 (20130101); G03G 15/09 (20130101); Y10S
101/37 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
G03G
15/09 (20060101); B05b 005/02 () |
Field of
Search: |
;118/637 ;117/17.5
;346/74MP ;101/DIG.13 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Kaplan; Morris
Parent Case Text
This application is a division of the application Ser. No. 729,681
of Teizo Kushima and Masaya Ogawa, filed May 16, 1968, for DEVICE
FOR DRY DEVELOPMENT IN ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY, now U.S. Pat. No.
3,557,751.
Claims
Although the present invention has been described with a certain
degree of particularity, it is understood that the present
disclosure has been made only by way of example and that numerous
changes in the details of construction and the combination and
arrangement of parts may be resorted to without departing from the
spirit and the scope of the invention as hereinafter claimed.
1. An electrophotographic developing device using developing powder
of two-component system containing a carrier and a toner,
comprising a magnetic developing roller, a developing powder tank
located on one side of said developing roller, a feeder to feed a
photographic paper to be developed on the opposite side of said
developing roller, said developing powder being magnetically
attracted to the peripheral surface of said magnetic developing
roller and formed into magnetic brush ears which pick up said
developing powder from said tank to distribute said powder on said
photosensitive paper, said magnetic developing roller having a
plurality of sliced cylindrical permanent magnets jointed together
by a common shaft with spacers inserted between adjacent sliced
cylindrical permanent magnets, said common shaft penetrating
through the center of each of said sliced permanent magnets at an
acute angle, and an auxiliary magnet roller identical with said
magnetic developing roller, said auxiliary magnet roller being
arranged in parallel with said magnetic developing roller and
adapted to rotate inversely and synchronously with the rotation of
said magnetic developing roller in one to one relationship, the
magnetic poles of each of sliced cylindrical permanent magnets of
said auxiliary magnet are so disposed as to be located side by side
with magnetic poles of the opposite polarity on said magnetic
developing roller over the entire span of the auxiliary magnet and
through the synchronized rotation therebetween.
Description
This invention relates to a device for dry development in
electrophotography, and more particularly to an electrophotographic
dry developing device for developing each exposed photosensitive
paper by keeping the photosensitive paper in contact with the
rotary magnetic brush ears, so as to develop static latent images
on the exposed photosensitive paper, which magnetic brush ears are
hairlike. These ears are formed with binary system dry developing
powder comprising a carrier and a toner, and are deposited onto the
peripheral surface of a revolving permanent magnet roller with the
aid of a means for forming such ear, for instance, another magnet
roller.
A known electrophotographic developing device using magnetic brush
ears has a shortcoming in that developed images have a certain
degree of unevenness due to the particular disposition of the
magnetic brush "ears" formed with the developing powder on a
revolving permanent magnet roller with the aid of any means. The
word magnetic brush "ears" refers to developing powder particles
attracted onto the peripheral surface of the magnetic roller by
concentrated magnetic lines of force in the proximity of each
magnetic pole on the magnetic roller, and such magnetic lines of
force act to pick up developing powder in a form similar to ears of
cereal grains, such as wheat ears. With such unevenness in the
developed images, it has been difficult to carry out the high-speed
development in electrophotography.
Therefore, an object of the present invention is to obviate the
aforesaid difficulties of known electrophotographic developing
devices, i.e. the unevenness and the incapability of high-speed
development, by providing a novel developing device. According to
the present invention, a developing roller is used, which comprises
a plurality of sliced cylindrical pieces of permanent magnet, e.g.
obliquely sliced permanent magnets, so that rows of magnetic brush
ears are generated on the peripheral surface of the roller in a
continuous fashion. Thereby, as the roller rotates, the magnetic
brush ears reciprocate in the axial direction of the roller, so as
to sweep the entire surface of each photosensitive paper to carry
out the even development thereof. In addition, a separate magnetic
roller of similar construction can be used in cooperation with the
aforesaid magnetic roller having the magnetic brush ears, so that
the two magnetic rollers are rotated in the opposite direction but
at the same peripheral speed while keeping magnetic poles of
opposite polarities adjacent with each other. As a result, the
magnetic brush ears on one of the magnetic roller are kept erect on
the surface thereof, to evenly cover the entire surface of the
photosensitive paper so as to facilitate high-speed
development.
Another object of the present invention is to provide an
electrophotographic developing device comprising a developing
roller having magnetic poles secured on the peripheral surface
thereof and a cooperating magnet adapted to reciprocate in parallel
with the axis of said developing roller in synchronism with the
rotation of said developing roller, said cooperating magnet having
other magnetic poles secured thereto in such fashion that said
other magnetic poles always have opposite polarities to the
corresponding magnetic poles secured on said developing roller over
the entire peripheral surface thereof.
Other objects and a fuller understanding of the present invention
may be had by referring to the following description, taken in
conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:
FIGS. 1 and 2 are, respectively, a sectional view and an
elevational view, showing a different known dry developing device
usable in electrophotography;
FIGS. 3A and 3B are schematic views illustrating the manner in
which uneven stripes are formed on known developing rollers and
images developed thereby, respectively;
FIGS. 4A, 4B and 4C are, respectively, a sectional view, a front
view, and a plan view of a permanent magnet piece to be used in the
device of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a perspective view of a magnetic roller usable in the
device according to the present invention, shown with a part
thereof cut away;
FIG. 6 is a perspective view, illustrating the configuration of
magnetic brush ears formed on the peripheral surface of the
magnetic roller;
FIG. 7 is an elevational view of a pair of the aforesaid magnetic
roller, working in cooperation with each other;
FIG. 8 is a transverse sectional view of an embodiment of the
device according to the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a schematic front view of another embodiment of the
device of the present invention; and
FIGS. 10A and 10B are, respectively, a perspective view and a
longitudinal sectional view of a cooperating magnet used in the
embodiment of FIG. 9.
Like parts are designated by like numerals and symbols throughout
the drawings.
FIG. 1 shows an example of known electrophotographic dry developing
devices, in which an exposed photosensitive paper 1 travels
horizontally with the photosensitive layer thereof facing
downwards. The photosensitive layer has an electrostatic latent
image formed thereon by the preceding exposure, and the opposite
side surface of the photosensitive paper is guided by a guide plate
2, which is directly grounded or biased by a suitable voltage. A
developing powder tank 3 contains developing powder 4 therein, and
a magnetic roller 6 secured to a shaft 5 rotates about the axis of
the shaft 5. As the magnetic roller 6 revolves, the developing
powder 4 is adhered to the peripheral surface of the roller along
the magnetic field pattern thereon, so that magnetic brush ears are
formed on the roller 6. The developing powder contains toner
particles and carrier particles electrostatically holding said
toner particles. Such developing powder 4 is successively poured on
the exposed photosensitive layer of the photosensitive paper 1,
responsive to the revolution of the magnetic roller 6. With such
setup of the developing device, the developed image tends to have
unevenness due to the particular pattern of the magnetic brush ears
on the surface of the magnetic roller 6.
Referring to FIG. 3A, a known magnetic roller is magnetically
divided along radial directions, so that each magnetic pole is
shown as a straight line on the peripheral surface of the roller,
and opposite polarities N and S are disposed alternately along the
peripheral direction thereof. With the magnetic roller of such
construction, the image on the developed photosensitive paper tends
to be uneven, in the form of stripes disposed perpendicular to the
traveling direction of the photosensitive paper at certain
intervals corresponding to the spacings of the magnetic poles on
the magnetic roller. On the other hand, if the magnetic roller 6
comprises a plurality of disklike magnets having magnetic poles
formed on the opposite circular and surfaces thereof, as shown in
FIG. 3B, the magnetic brush ears are formed continuously in the
peripheral direction of the roller but discontinuously in the
longitudinal direction thereof. Accordingly, photosensitive paper
developed by using a magnetic roller as shown in FIG. 3B tends to
have stripes formed along the travelling direction of the
photosensitive paper in the developing device.
In other words, the magnetic brush ears have heretofore been
disposed on the magnetic roller so as to be continuous only in the
longitudinal direction of the roller with intervals in the lateral
direction thereof, or to be continuous only in the peripheral
direction at right angles to the axis of the roller with intervals
in the longitudinal direction thereof. Such disposition of the
magnetic brush ears causes unevenness in the developed image on the
photosensitive paper.
In order to obviate such difficulty, it has been proposed and
practiced to place a separate auxiliary permanent magnet 7 at the
back of the guide plate 2, as shown by dotted lines in FIG. 1. The
magnetic lines of force issuing from the permanent magnets
constituting the magnetic roller 6 are directed toward the
auxiliary magnet 7, so that each magnetic brush ear can be kept
erect and extended as far as possible to evenly distribute the
magnetic lines of force on the photosensitive paper to mitigate the
aforesaid unevenness in the developed image. However, the effects
of such auxiliary magnet are also limited, because when the
polarities of the auxiliary magnet 7 and the constituent magnet of
the magnetic rollers 6 are the same the magnetic lines of force
repel each other to prevent erection of the magnetic brush ears.
Accordingly, the unevenness of the developed image cannot be
eliminated completely by such auxiliary magnet. With such
unevenness of the developed image, it has been very difficult to
speed up the developing process, as pointed out hereinbefore.
In another known construction of the developing device, a bar
magnet 8 is placed at the back of the guide plate 2, which bar
magnet is so magnetized as to have one magnetic pole, e.g. N pole,
is formed on the side closer to the photosensitive paper 1, while
forming the other magnetic pole on the opposite side of the bar
magnet, as shown in FIG. 2. In this case, for instance, magnetic
lines of force 9 issuing from S poles on the magnetic roller 6 are
erected by being attracted by the opposite magnetic pole of the
auxiliary magnet 8, while those issuing from N poles of the
magnetic roller 6 are suppressed by the aforesaid magnetic poles of
the auxiliary magnet 8 having the same polarity. Accordingly, when
an exposed photosensitive paper 1 travels between the magnetic
roller 6 and the bar magnet 8 with the photosensitive layer 10
facing downward or toward the magnetic roller 6, as shown in FIG.
2, those portions of the photosensitive layer 10, where the erected
magnetic brush ears intersect therewith, are well developed, while
the remaining portions of the photosensitive layer are developed
insufficiently. Thus, unevenness of the development occurs.
The inventors have succeeded in completely eliminating such
unevenness of the development by providing a magnetic roller
consisting of a plurality of sliced permanent magnet pieces.
Referring to FIGS. 4A, 4B, and 4C, a cylinder made of ferromagnetic
substance and having a through hole along the longitudinal axis
thereof is obliquely sliced with respect to the longitudinal axis
thereof, by a known slicing process. A plurality of obliquely
sliced permanent magnet pieces 11 are formed by magnetizing each of
the thus sliced pieces in such direction as to produce magnetic
poles N and S on opposite elliptic surfaces thereof, respectively.
In order to facilitate radial erection of the magnetic lines of
force, a spacer ring 12 is inserted between adjacent magnet pieces
11 during the assembly thereof. The magnet pieces 11 are, of
course, so disposed as to have the same polarity poles located
adjacent to each other, as illustrated in FIG. 5. A magnetic roller
13 is formed by inserting a shaft 16 through the thus assembled
magnet pieces 11 and the spacers 12, and fastening them together by
inserting metallic end holding fittings 14 at both ends of the
assembly. In the particular embodiment, as shown in FIG. 5, the
magnetic roller 13 is covered by a nonmagnetic cylinder 15.
If developing powder 4 usable for electrophotographic development
is applied on the surface of the magnetic roller 13 of the last
mentioned construction, a series of magnetic brush ears 17 are
formed obliqueness on the peripheral surface of the nonmagnetic
cylinder 15, due to the obliquity of the constituent permanent
magnet pieces 11, as depicted in FIG. 6. When such magnetic roller
13 is rotated on a photosensitive paper, the magnetic brush ears 17
reciprocate as a whole in the axial direction of the roller 13, so
as to cover evenly the entire surface of the photosensitive paper 1
to develop evenly the latent image thereon.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a pair of such
magnetic rollers 13 are disposed in parallel with each other in
such manner that each magnetic pole on the one roller 13 is so
positioned as to face the corresponding magnetic poles of opposite
polarity on the other magnetic roller 13, as shown in FIG. 7. More
particularly, each N pole on the lower roller 13 is located
directly below the corresponding S pole on the upper roller 13,
while each S pole of the lower roller 13 is located directly below
the corresponding N pole on the upper roller 13. The two magnetic
rollers 13 are rotated at the same peripheral speed around the
shaft thereof, respectively, in opposite directions. Then, the
aforesaid relation between the corresponding magnetic poles of the
two magnetic rollers is always maintained, so that almost uniform
and parallel magnetic lines of force intersect with the
photosensitive paper throughout the entire span thereof, while
reciprocating in the axial direction of the rollers. Thus, a
continuous line of developing powder 4 is applied to the
photosensitive paper 1 by the magnetic brush ears 17 formed by such
evenly distributed magnetic lines of force. Accordingly, as the
roller 13 rotates, the linearly disposed developing powder 4
reciprocates in the axial direction of the rollers, to cover the
entire photosensitive layer 10 of the photosensitive paper 1,
without any gap. Thereby, the danger of unevenness in the
development, or formation of stripes in the developed image, is
totally eliminated.
The magnetic roller 13, usable in the device according to the
present invention can be used in combination with a bar magnet 7,
as shown in FIG. 1, and in this case, the alternate magnetic poles
of the roller 13 face an elongated magnetic pole of particular
polarity N or S of the bar magnet 7. With such arrangement, the
unevenness of the developed image can be improved. However,
magnetic brush ears of one magnetic polarity are erected, while
those of the opposite polarity are suppressed, as in the case of
the construction of FIG. 2. The development produced by such
combination of the bar magnet 7 and the magnetic roller 13 is not
as even as the development produced by using two magnetic rollers
13 in the manner as illustrated in FIG. 7.
FIG. 8 illustrates the use of a pair of magnetic rollers 13. A
photosensitive paper 1 is fed at a constant speed by pairs of
roller 19, and at least one pair of them is driven by a separate
driving means (not shown). A scraper 18 is provided to collect such
developing powder 4 which is picked up by the magnetic brush ears
17 but not used for developing the photosensitive paper 1. The
developing powder 4 thus collected falls into the tank 3 by
gravity. The scraper 18 per se is known to those skilled in the
art.
As described in the foregoing, according to the present invention,
a magnetic developing roller is formed by using a plurality of
obliquely sliced cylindrical permanent magnet pieces, each being so
magnetized as to have magnetic poles on the opposite elliptic end
surfaces thereof, so that magnetic brush ears are produced
uniformly over the entire span of the thus formed roller. Besides,
the magnetic developing roller revolves around its own axis while
reciprocating the magnetic brush ears in the axial direction of the
roller, so as to develop each photosensitive paper in
two-dimensional fashion. Thereby, unevenness in the developed image
is completely eliminated. In a preferred embodiment of the present
invention, a pair of such magnetic developing rollers are disposed
in parallel with each other with the magnetic poles of opposite
polarities positioned side by side, and the two rollers are rotated
around the axes thereof respectively at the same peripheral speed
in opposite directions while maintaining the magnetic poles of the
opposite polarities side by side. Thus, the magnetic brush ears are
well erected, to apply the developing powder uniformly on the
photosensitive paper to be developed. As a result, uniform
developing is insured not only for normal speed development but
also for high-speed development.
In the preceding description, the permanent magnet pieces are
illustrated as obliquely sliced. However, it should be noted that
the permanent magnet pieces usable for the developing device
according to the present invention are not limited to those
obliquely sliced, but any configuration of the permanent magnet
piece which allows the uniform distribution of the magnetic brush
ears can be used in the device of the present invention, as would
be apparent to those skilled in the art.
FIG. 9 shows a different embodiment of the present invention, in
which a reciprocating auxiliary permanent magnet means including a
plurality of permanent magnet elements is used. A magnetic
developing roller 13 of the same construction as that shown in FIG.
8 is so disposed as to face the photosensitive layer 10 of
photosensitive paper 1 to be developed. As shown in FIGS. 10A and
10B, a reciprocating auxiliary permanent magnet means 7 includes a
plurality of permanent magnet elements 20, each having a width
substantially the same as the width of each constituent permanent
magnet piece 11 of the magnetic developing roller 13. The permanent
magnet elements 20 are disposed in a row on a plane so as to place
the magnetic poles of the same polarity side by side with a spacer
21 inserted therebetween. The magnet elements 20 thus assembled are
tightened together by using a tightening framework 22. The
reciprocating auxiliary magnet means 7 of such structure is held in
parallel with the magnetic developing roller 13, by a suitable
means (not shown), so that one magnetic pole of the roller 13 faces
the magnetic poles of the opposite polarity of the auxiliary magnet
means 7. In other words, the N and S magnetic poles of the roller
13 face the S and N poles of the magnet means 7, respectively. A
bevel gear 23 is secured to a shaft 16 of the roller 13, which
bevel gear in turn engages with another bevel gear 24 secured to
the one end of a crankshaft 25. The opposite end of the crankshaft
25 is connected with the permanent magnet means 7 through a crank
26 and a link lever 27.
The gear ratio between the bevel gears 23 and 24, and the dimension
of the crank 26 and the link lever 27 are such that, the magnet
means 7 completes one linear reciprocation for each full rotation
of the developing roller 13. The linear reciprocation of the magnet
means 7 is made in the axial direction of the roller 13 in parallel
therewith, and the stroke of the reciprocation corresponds to the
width of the permanent magnet piece 11 of the roller 13, which is
substantially the same as the width of the permanent magnet element
20 of the magnet means 7.
Accordingly, when the magnetic developing roller 13 rotates around
its own shaft 16, both the permanent magnet pieces 11 constituting
the roller 13 and the permanent magnet elements 20 of the magnet
means 7 are reciprocated as a whole, while keeping the magnetic
poles of the opposite polarities side by side. Thereby, uniformly
distributed magnetic lines of force 9 are generated substantially
in parallel with each other over the entire width of the
photosensitive paper 1 to be developed. The magnetic brush ears 17
formed by such magnetic lines of force 9 are uniformly erected, and
reciprocated at right angles with the travelling direction of the
photosensitive paper 1 being developed in the axial direction of
the roller 13.
As described in the foregoing, according to the present invention,
the photosensitive layer of each photosensitive paper can be swept
over the entire width thereof by evenly distributed magnetic brush
ears, so that the possibility of unevenness in the developed image
is completely eliminated. Accordingly, the developing powder is
applied uniformly to the photosensitive layer of the photosensitive
paper, by means of the reciprocation of the magnetic brush ears in
the axial direction of the roller, so that excellent uniform
developing effect is insured not only for normal speed developing
but also for high-speed developing.
* * * * *