U.S. patent number 3,631,788 [Application Number 05/020,745] was granted by the patent office on 1972-01-04 for supply air device for injection of perferably cold ventilation air.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Aktiebolaget Svenska Flaktfabriken. Invention is credited to Birger Larkfeldt.
United States Patent |
3,631,788 |
Larkfeldt |
January 4, 1972 |
SUPPLY AIR DEVICE FOR INJECTION OF PERFERABLY COLD VENTILATION
AIR
Abstract
An air supply device adapted to be mounted in a hung ceiling for
injecting cold air from a duct extending parallel to the ceiling
surface above the hung ceiling. The device consists of a pressure
box having an air distribution chamber in its bottom formed between
a pair of perforated plates which operate to distribute the air
vertically downward and eliminate any horizontal component
generated in the duct. To avoid the fouling of the ceiling surface
surrounding the distribution chamber by the dirty secondary room
air, airflow gaps are provided surrounding the distribution chamber
to inject air streams substantially parallel to the ceiling surface
radiating outwardly from the distribution chamber.
Airflow-regulating means are provided in each gap and in the
distribution chamber to insure mixture of the air with secondary
room air so as to avoid the draughts normally experienced from cold
air inlet grilles.
Inventors: |
Larkfeldt; Birger
(Barnarp/Jonkoping, SW) |
Assignee: |
Aktiebolaget Svenska
Flaktfabriken (Stockholm, SW)
|
Family
ID: |
20262994 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/020,745 |
Filed: |
March 18, 1970 |
Foreign Application Priority Data
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Mar 19, 1969 [SW] |
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3849/69 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
454/297 |
Current CPC
Class: |
F24F
13/068 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
F24F
13/06 (20060101); F24F 13/068 (20060101); F24f
013/06 () |
Field of
Search: |
;98/33,36,4C,4D,4N,4B,4DL,103,1G |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Foreign Patent Documents
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123,587 |
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Dec 1946 |
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SW |
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477,512 |
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Dec 1937 |
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GB |
|
Primary Examiner: Wayner; William E.
Claims
I claim:
1. A device for supplying cold air into a room having a subceiling
surface with an opening spaced inwardly from the side edges thereof
for receiving the air supply device, said device comprising a
pressure box positioned above the plane of the ceiling surface and
having a cold air duct connected thereto through one side thereof
so as to introduce air into said pressure box from a direction
parallel to the ceiling surface, said pressure box being mounted in
said opening in said ceiling and having a lower portion comprising
an air distribution means for introducing cold air from said
pressure box into the room, said air distribution means comprising
a pair of vertically spaced perforated plates disposed parallel to
the plane of the ceiling surface, and sidewalls surrounding said
pair of plates and disposed intermediate said plates to define a
distribution chamber below said pressure box which eliminates any
lateral component of airflow from the air duct to thereby uniformly
direct the airflow from said distribution box vertically downward
into the room for mixture with the secondary room air, said
sidewalls of said distribution chamber being spaced from the sides
of said pressure box to provide airflow gaps surrounding said
distribution chamber, said sidewalls providing guiding surfaces in
said gaps for directing airflow from said pressure chamber
outwardly from said air supply device substantially parallel to the
ceiling surface of the room to avoid a flow of secondary room air
along the ceiling surface surrounding said device.
2. An air supply device according to claim 1 wherein the
perforations of the upper of said pair of plates provide a smaller
airflow area than the perforations of the lower of said plates.
3. An air supply device according to claim 1 including means
cooperable with the perforated plate to variably screen off the
airflow openings therethrough.
4. An air supply device according to claim 1 wherein said pressure
box has edge plates depending below the ceiling surface and
confronting the sidewalls of said distribution box in spaced
relation to cooperate with said sidewalls to direct the air from
said gap at a level spaced below the ceiling surface immediately
surrounding said air supply device.
5. An air supply device according to claim 1 including damper means
in said airgaps to control the force of the air discharged through
said gaps selectively around the periphery of said device.
6. A device according to claim 5 wherein said opening is square and
said airgaps comprise four gaps disposed along the respective sides
of the square openings, said damper means including a separate flap
valve in each gap.
Description
This invention relates to a supply air device for injecting
preferably cold ventilation air into rooms which should be
draught-free in the dwelling zone, It comprises a pressure box
mortised in the ceiling of the room, which is connected to a drum
system for supply of the ventilation air, said pressure box
downwardly being defined by and communicating with the room through
an air distribution means.
The supply air device according to the invention is intended
primarily for supplying rooms requiring permanent cooling with cold
ventilation air. Such rooms may be, for example, large office rooms
which owing to heat emission from light fittings and human beings
require cooling all the year round, or so-called internal zones
which are surrounded on all sides by rooms heated in winter and
which include such heat sources that said zones must be cooled even
in the coldest days of the winter.
The cold ventilation air is heavy and, after its discharge from the
supply air device mounted in the ceiling, it has, therefore, a
strong tendency of rapidly sinking to the floor of the room where
it causes an unpleasant draught before it is mixed with the room
air. The draught problem is particularly great in rooms with a low
ceiling height.
An essential object of the present invention is, therefore, to
produce a supply air device with a short throw (length). This
applies particularly to air directed to the dwelling zone where the
air speed must not exceed 0.15 m./sec., but also the air directed
along the ceiling surface should have a short throw (length) in
order not to cause draught.
The supply air device is intended for use in rooms with a
subceiling construction where the pressure box is mounted in the
space above the subceiling. For aesthetical reasons, the supply air
device must not project downwardly very much from the surface of
the subceiling (for embodiments now in use a distance of 20 mm. has
been deemed acceptable). Therefore, the pressure box has to be
given a small height (at maximum 250 mm.). This implies great
difficulties in eliminating the influence of the dynamic pressure
of the supplied air before supplying the ventilation air.
Furthermore, it must be possible to mortise the supply air device
in ceilings covered by square, possibly sound-damping plates, so
that the supply air device is used instead of such a plate.
Therefore, the device must have a size of, for example, 600.times.
600 mm. The air is supplied to the pressure box through an air duct
placed in the space above the subceiling and having a diameter of
about 150 mm. Owing to the height dimension of the supply air
device, and because for the same reason the supply duct usually is
to be connected to one of the sidewalls of the pressure box, the
dynamic pressure of the air supplied has a great tendency of being
propagated through the air distribution means of the supply air
device and giving rise to a concentrated jet of cold air in the
room, which is inconvenient from a draught point of view.
Ventilation air injected into a room through a supply air device
ejects with itself room air, thereby causing secondary airstreams
in the room. The coejected room air, however, is not as clean as
the injected ventilation air, but includes a great amount of dust
particles which deposit on surfaces swept by the secondary
airstreams. Particularly exposed to such deposits are the supply
air device surfaces swept by secondary air and the ceiling surface
around the supply air device.
The present invention has as its object to produce a supply air
device of the aforementioned kind, which independent of the dynamic
pressure in the pressure box effects good distribution of the
injected cold ventilation air in the room and a short throw length
of said air, and which prevents the supply air device proper and
the ceiling surface around the same from being fouled. The
invention is characterized in that the air distribution means
comprises two perforated metal sheets mounted substantially
horizontally somewhat spaced from each other and arranged so as
together with sidewalls along their edges to enclose a distribution
chamber for eliminating obliquely directed speed components in the
airstream passing through said metal sheets and for uniformly
distributing said airstream, and gaps around the perforated metal
sheets outside said sidewalls, said gaps being provided with
dampers for controlling the air amount flowing through the gap in
question and adapted at opened dampers to inject air fogs
substantially in parallel with the ceiling surface of the room.
The air fogs injected through the gaps around the perforated metal
sheets eject with themselves the air (amount) flowing into the room
through the perforated metal sheets and thereby prevent said air
(amount) from directly flowing down into the dwelling zone and
causing draft. Since, on the other hand, energy is consumed thereby
for deflecting the air injected through the perforated metal
sheets, the air fogs injected through the gaps will have a short
throw length.
The air distribution in the room can be adjusted by means of the
dampers in the gaps.
In addition to the aforesaid advantages it is achieved, that the
air injected through the perforated metal sheets prevents the
coejected room air from sweeping the supply air device and
surrounding ceiling surface and from fouling the same.
Due to the fact that two parallel perforated metal sheets are used
for distributing the air injected downwardly into the room, the
high dynamic pressure locally prevailing in the pressure box is
effectively balanced.
An expedient embodiment of the invention is characterized in that
the uppermost of the two perforated metal sheets has a
substantially smaller degree of perforation, i.e. a smaller area of
air passage, than the lowermost perforated metal sheet, preferably
only one-fifth of the perforation degree of the lowermost metal
sheet.
This additionally improves the capacity of the air distribution
means to eliminate the detrimental effect of the dynamic pressure
in the pressure box on the air distribution in the room.
The uppermost of the two perforated metal sheets preferably may be
provided with means for adjustably screening off the perforation
openings whereby the perforation degree of said metal sheet can be
varied. Said screening, for example, may be effected by a similar
perforated metal sheet adapted to be moved adjacent the uppermost
perforated metal sheet according to above, or by means of
exchangeable unperforated metal sheets provided with a single-large
opening, in such a manner, that the openings of the exchangeable
metal sheets are of different size in relation to each other.
In order to prevent the air fogs ejected from the gaps around the
perforated metal sheets to sweep the ceiling surface immediately
adjacent the supply air device and to foul said surface by
coejected room air, said gaps can be defined toward the ceiling
surface by an edge plate projecting from the ceiling surface.
The invention is described in greater detail in the following, with
reference to the accompanying drawing showing by way of example an
embodiment of a supply air device for applying the idea of the
invention, in which drawing
FIG. 1 shows a cross section of the supply air device mounted in a
subceiling construction, and
FIG. 2 shows a section through the supply air device along the line
II--II in FIG. 1.
In the drawing, the supply air device according to the invention is
designated by 1. The supply air device comprises a pressure box 4
mortised in the subceiling 3 of a room 2, which pressure box is
connected to a drum system for the supply of ventilation air via an
air duct 5. The pressure box 4 is downwardly defined by and
communicates with the room 2 through an air distribution means 6.
According to the invention, the air distribution means 6 comprises
two perforated metal sheets 7 and 8 mounted horizontally somewhat
spaced from each other and arranged so as together with sidewalls 9
along their edges to enclose a distribution chamber 10, further
gaps 11 around said perforated metal sheets 7 and 8 outside said
sidewalls, which gaps are provided with dampers 12 and adapted at
opened dampers to inject air fogs 13 substantially in parallel with
the ceiling surface 3a of the room. The distribution chamber 10 is
intended, in addition to a uniform distribution of the airstream 14
passing through the perforated metal sheets 7 and 8 also to effect
the elimination of obliquely directed speed components in said
airstream, which components are caused by the dynamic pressure in
the airstream supplied through the air duct 5. The dampers 12 are
intended for control of the air amount 13 flowing through the gap
11 in question. Hereby the flow pattern in the room 2 can be
adjusted in a simple way and the cold ventilation air can so be
directed that it does not give rise to draught in the room. The
cold airstream 14 downwardly injected through the perforated metal
sheets 7 and 8 is ejected together with the air fogs 13 injected
through the gaps 11. Hereby said cold airstream is kept away from
the dwelling zone and the entire injected air amount is caused to
flow along the ceiling surface 3a to which the airstreams are
attracted. Owing to the energy loss at the deflection and
coejection of the downwardly injected airstream 14, the air fogs 13
have a short throw (length). Room air is also coejected (see the
arrows 15), but due to the downwardly injected airstream 14 the
room air is prevented from sweeping and fouling the supply air
device 1 and the ceiling surface 3a around the same.
The uppermost perforated metal sheet 7 has a substantially smaller
degree of perforation than the lowermost metal sheet 8, in order,
prior to the injection into room 2, safely to eliminate the
obliquely directed speed components caused in the air (amount)
flowing through the perforated metal sheets 7 and 8 by the dynamic
pressure in the pressure box 4. A ratio of 1:5 between the
perforation degrees of the uppermost and lowermost perforated metal
sheets has proved to render the best results.
In certain cases it may be suitable that the air passage area of
the uppermost perforated metal sheet 7 is adjustable. This can be
achieved in different ways. In FIG. 1 an exchangeable perforated
metal sheet 16 adapted variably to screen off the perforation
openings in the perforated metal sheet 7 is indicated by dashed
lines.
In order to prevent the air fog 13 ejected from the gap 11 in
question to sweep the ceiling surface immediately adjacent the
supply air device 1, the gaps 11 are defined toward the ceiling
surface 3a by an edge plate 17 projecting from the ceiling surface.
The injected ventilation air, it is true, usually is filtered, but
by said edge plate also the remaining dust particles and those from
the coejected room air are prevented from appreciably fouling the
ceiling surface, because they are caused by the edge plate to
spread over a larger area before they meet the ceiling.
An exemplifying embodiment of the invention has been described with
reference to the drawing. The invention, however, can be varied in
its details within the scope of the following claims.
* * * * *