U.S. patent number 3,631,686 [Application Number 05/057,669] was granted by the patent office on 1972-01-04 for multizone air-conditioning system with reheat.
This patent grant is currently assigned to International Telephone and Telegraph Corporation. Invention is credited to Franz A. Kautz.
United States Patent |
3,631,686 |
Kautz |
January 4, 1972 |
MULTIZONE AIR-CONDITIONING SYSTEM WITH REHEAT
Abstract
An improved air-conditioning reheat system having a control
valve responsive to the airstream temperature leaving the reheat
coil for restricting refrigerant flow through one of two parallel
refrigerant condensers upstream of the reheat coil when increased
reheat is called for thereby flooding one condenser with liquid
refrigerant and reducing the total condenser capacity to allow a
combination of saturated liquid and vapor refrigerant from the
other condenser to be delivered to the reheat coil serially
connected between the condensers and the evaporator. The reheat
coil, which functions as a liquid-to-air heat exchanger during
normal operation with low reheat, then becomes a condenser to
provide additional transfer capability. A bypass capillary allows a
trickle of liquid refrigerant from the flooded condenser into the
refrigerant flow path to prevent the flooded condenser from
becoming logged with oil and to control the amount of uncondensed
vapor refrigerant being fed to the reheat coil.
Inventors: |
Kautz; Franz A. (Southampton,
PA) |
Assignee: |
International Telephone and
Telegraph Corporation (Nutley, NJ)
|
Family
ID: |
22012024 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/057,669 |
Filed: |
July 23, 1970 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
62/173; 62/196.1;
62/428 |
Current CPC
Class: |
F24F
3/0525 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
F24F
3/044 (20060101); F24F 3/052 (20060101); F25b
029/00 () |
Field of
Search: |
;62/90,428,429,196,173,506,DIG.17 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Perlin; Meyer
Claims
I claim:
1. An air-conditioning system of the reheat type having a
compressor, a condenser comprising plurality of condenser sections
parallelly connected, a reheat coil, an expansion device and an
evaporator coil serially connected to form a closed refrigerant
loop, and means for bringing an airstream to be conditioned in heat
exchange relation with the evaporator coil and the reheat coil, the
improvement being control means responsive to the airstream
temperature leaving the reheat coil to flood at least one of the
condenser sections with liquid refrigerant when the airstream
temperature goes below a predetermined value.
2. The air-conditioning system of claim 1 including restricted
passage means between the outlet of the flooded sections of the
condenser and the reheat coil.
3. An air-conditioning system comprising a compressor, a condenser,
a reheat coil, an expansion device and an evaporator serially
connected to form a closed refrigeration loop, the condenser having
separate parallel first and second condenser sections connected by
parallel inlet and outlet conduits, means for bringing an airstream
to be conditioned in heat exchange relation with the evaporator and
the reheat coil, valve means in the first condenser section outlet
conduit responsive to the airstream temperature leaving the reheat
coil for restricting said outlet conduit when the airstream
temperature drops below a predetermined value, and a capillary tube
connected between the first condenser section outlet conduit
upstream of said valve means and the second condenser section
outlet conduit.
4. The air-conditioning system of claim 3 wherein the valve means
comprises a solenoid operated two-way valve responsive to a
thermostatic control which senses the airstream temperature leaving
the reheat coil.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to air-conditioning systems and particularly
to multizone systems having a reheat coil in the air flow path
downstream of the evaporator to reheat air which has been cooled
and dehumidified in the evaporator.
Copending application, Ser. No. 749,775 filed Aug. 2, 1968 by
Hoaglund et al. now U.S. Pat. No. 3,540,526 discloses a rooftop
multizone air-conditioning system with reheat. In this system a
housing unit has an air intake at one end and hot and cold decks at
the opposite output end. To cool and dehumidify all incoming air,
an evaporator coil is placed in the housing assembly near its inlet
end. A reheat coil is located downstream in the hot deck section of
the housing and arranged to be in series with and normally act as a
part of a condenser coil. The reheat coil is thus supplied with a
flow of refrigerant emanating from the condenser coil. The exchange
of heat, in the reheat coil, heats the air passing through the hot
deck and subcools the refrigerant before it enters the evaporator
coil. When higher levels of heating are required during periods
when the furnace operation is not desired, a bypass valve places
the condenser and reheat coils at least partially in parallel, and
the compressor supplies some superheated refrigerant gas which is
injected directly into the liquid refrigerant flowing into the
reheat coil. A thermostat within the hot deck modifies zone
thermostat command signals as a function of prevailing temperatures
within the hot deck.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention is an improvement to the reheat system of the
prior application referred to hereinabove, the improvement being
designed to increase the reheat capacity of the system.
This increase in reheat capability is achieved by blocking the
refrigerant flow through one of the parallelly connected condensers
when increased heat is called for, thereby flooding the condenser
with liquid refrigerant and reducing the condenser capability to
allow a combination of saturated liquid and vapor refrigerant from
the condenser to be delivered to the reheat coil serially connected
between the condensers and the evaporator. The reheat coil, which
functions as a liquid-to-air heat exchanger during normal operation
with low reheat, then becomes a condenser to provide additional
transfer capability.
A bypass capillary allows a trickle of liquid refrigerant from the
flooded condenser into the refrigerant flow path to prevent the
flooded condenser from becoming logged with oil and to control the
amount of uncondensed vapor refrigerant being fed to the reheat
coil.
A BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING
The drawing is a schematic view of an air-conditioning system
embodying the present invention.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
Except as described below in connection with the reheat arrangement
and its mode of operation, the system described is the same as that
disclosed in the prior application discussed above and therefore
this prior application is incorporated herein by reference.
Turning now to the drawing, the refrigeration system generally
indicated by numeral 2 comprises a compressor 4, parallelly
connected fin and tube air cooled refrigerant condensers 6 and 8, a
reheat coil 10, and an evaporator 12.
Three direct driven fans 44, only one of which is shown in the
drawing, are provided for drawing cooling air over the condensers 6
and 8.
Conduit 14 and parallel conduits 15 and 17 connect the compressor
discharge to the inlets of the condensers while parallel conduits
16 and 18 connect the outlets of the condensers to the conduit 20
leading to the reheat coil 10. Manually operated shutoff valves 22
and 24 in the conduits 16 and 18, respectively, are closed only
during servicing and are opened during operation of the system. A
solenoid operated liquid flood back valve 26 is located in one of
the lines. When closed the valve 26 blocks the flow from the
condenser 6 via conduit 16. A bypass capillary 28 having one end
connected to the conduit 16 between the outlet of the condenser 6
and the valve 26 and the other end connected to the conduit 18
provides a controlled leakage around the valve 26 when the valve is
closed.
Conduit 30 connects the outlet of the reheat coil to a refrigerant
distributor 37 at the inlet of the evaporator 12. This conduit has
a solenoid operated valve 32, referred to as the liquid line valve
for identification, a filter dryer 34 and a thermostatic expansion
valve 36 therein. Conduit 38 connects the evaporator outlet to the
inlet of the compressor.
The solenoid valve 26 is connected to a thermostatic sensor 40 in
the airstream leaving the reheat coil via a control 42, the
thermostatic sensor causing valve 26, which is normally held open,
to close when the temperature of the airstream leaving the reheat
coil drops below a predetermined value.
As described in the copending application referred to above, the
evaporator 12 is arranged near the inlet of the air-conditioning
unit to cool and dehumidify all incoming air while the reheat coil
is located downstream in the warm air duct or hot deck which
receives a portion of the cooled and dehumidified air from the
evaporator for heating before supplying those zones of the building
requiring heating.
OPERATION
The system has two basic modes of reheat operation. In the first
mode there is a relatively high cooling demand and low demand for
reheat. Under these conditions high pressure, high temperature
refrigerant vapor from the compressor 4 is supplied to the
condensers 6 and 8 via conduits 14, 15 and 17. Here the refrigerant
is condensed to a slightly subcooled liquid which flows to the
reheat coil via parallel conduits 16 and 18 which lead to the
conduit 20. In the reheat coil 10 the refrigerant is further
subcooled in heat exchange with the airflow passing through the
reheat coil in the hot deck. From the reheat coil the refrigerant
flows through conduit 30, open solenoid valve 32, filter-dryer 34
to the thermostatic expansion valve 36 where the refrigerant is
converted to a low pressure low temperature liquid and vapor phase
which is fed to the evaporator pg,7 coil 12 via the distributor 37.
In the evaporator coil the refrigerant cools the main airstream
passing through the air conditioning unit, the refrigerant being
heated to a low pressure superheated vapor which then is drawn into
the compressor inlet via conduit 38.
The second mode of operation occurs in the demand for heating which
causes more air to flow through the reheat coil. As the flow
increases to the point where there is insufficient heat being
supplied by subcooling of the liquid refrigerant to meet the demand
the temperature of the air leaving the reheat coil begins to drop.
At a predetermined temperature setting the thermostatic sensor 40
actuates the control system 42 to close the solenoid operated valve
26 at the line 16. This blocks the main flow of liquid refrigerant
from the condenser 6. This condenser begins to fill up with liquid
refrigerant while the other condenser 8 is subject to an increasing
flow of refrigerant. Due to the reduction in the effective
condenser surface area the second condenser 8 is not capable of
extracting all of the latent heat of vaporization of the
refrigerant flowing through it and therefore a combination of
saturated liquid and vapor refrigerant flows to the reheat coil 10
via conduits 18 and 20. The reheat coil 10 which in the first mode
of operation had been operating as a liquid-to-air heat exchanger
now in effect becomes a condenser since it receives a mixture of
vapor and liquid. The condensation of the vapor in the reheat coil
increases the heat transfer capability of the coil in this mode of
operation. The liquid refrigerant which is displaced from the
reheat coil by the vapor collects in the condenser 6. This flooding
of the condenser 6 with liquid refrigerant reduces to a minimum the
heat transfer between the flooded condenser and the condenser
airstream.
In this mode of operation the bypass capillary 28 provides a
carefully controlled leak which bypasses the solenoid valve 26 to
prevent a complete blocking of the flow through the condenser. This
limits the amount of condenser vapor refrigerant being fed to the
reheat coil due to the addition of liquid refrigerant to the stream
and also prevents the condenser 6 from becoming logged with oil
during prolonged periods of operation in this mode.
The three condenser fans 44 are used to maintain a relatively
constant compressor discharge pressure. The first fan is on
whenever the refrigeration system is in operation with no
additional call for reheat. If reheat is called for this fan is
shutoff. The second fan is in operation whenever the refrigeration
system is operating in the second mode in which the condenser 6 is
flooded. The third fan is on whenever the compressor discharge
pressure exceeds some predetermined value and is shut off again
when the compressor discharge pressure drops below a second value
somewhat lower than the first. In this way two of the three
condenser fans are cycled to maintain maximum condensing pressure
which also maintains a relatively constant pressure across the
expansion valve to allow the expansion valve to modulate the flow
of the refrigerant to the evaporator coil more evenly under part
load condenser.
Although not described herein the control 42 includes thermostatic
temperature control means for regulating the refrigeration system
as is well known in the art. For a complete description of the
remainder of the system and its control reference should be made to
the above mentioned prior application.
Although the system shown uses two condensers, one of which is
blocked during period of high reheat demand, it will be apparent to
those skilled in the art that a single condenser with multiple
sections or more than two separate condensers can be connected in
parallel during normal operation with any number of the sections or
condensers being flooded during increased reheat demand to provide
the mode of operation disclosed herein. In this case bypass
capillaries would be provided from each of the flooded sections to
the main refrigerant flow stream.
It will also be apparent that a modulating valve can be used to
restrict the flow from one of the condensers rather than a two way
valve. In this way abrupt cycling of the system between the
different reheat modes can be avoided.
While I have described above the principles of my invention in
connection with specific apparatus it is to be clearly understood
that this description is made only by way of example and not as a
limitation to the scope of my invention as set forth in the
accompanying claims.
* * * * *