U.S. patent number 3,631,614 [Application Number 05/087,130] was granted by the patent office on 1972-01-04 for antislip footpiece.
Invention is credited to Clifford M. Rice.
United States Patent |
3,631,614 |
Rice |
January 4, 1972 |
ANTISLIP FOOTPIECE
Abstract
An open bottom housing having a bottom tread surface mounts in
its interior a circular wobble plate that is rotatable on the axis
of the housing and tiltable on an axis of oscillation that is
perpendicular to and intersects the housing axis. The periphery of
the plate is constituted as means for penetrating a slippery
surface which may underlie the housing tread surface. A
spring-projected actuator carried by the wobble plate extends
through the housing bottom on the axis of the housing for gripping
engagement with the underlying surface. At the beginning of a slip,
the actuator is displaced radially from the housing axis and
correspondingly tilts the wobble plate in the direction of the
slip; whereupon the low point of the plate extends through the
housing bottom and penetrates the underlying surface, effectively
stopping the slip immediately after it starts.
Inventors: |
Rice; Clifford M. (Alexandria,
VA) |
Family
ID: |
22203299 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/087,130 |
Filed: |
November 5, 1970 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
36/61 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A43C
15/14 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
A43C
15/00 (20060101); A43C 15/14 (20060101); A43c
015/00 () |
Field of
Search: |
;36/61,59R |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Lawson; Patrick D.
Claims
I claim:
1. An antislip footpiece comprising a body having a bottom tread
surface, means centered on a vertical axis in the body and spring
biased to a normal position for gripping a surface underlying said
tread surface, a circular wobble plate in the body and tiltable on
an axis of oscillation intersecting said vertical axis
perpendicular thereto, the wobble plate having on its peripheral
edge surface means for penetrating a surface underlying said tread
surface, said gripping means being radially displaceable from said
vertical axis, and a connection between the wobble plate and the
gripping means operative upon radial displacement of the gripping
means to tilt the wobble plate to a position in which a portion of
its peripheral edge is adapted to penetrate an underlying surface
in a direction opposite to the direction in which the gripping
means is displaced.
2. In the footpiece of claim 1, said peripheral edge of the wobble
plate being a circumferential series of radial teeth disposed
downwardly at an obtuse angle relative to the plate.
3. In the footpiece of claim 1, said wobble plate being rotatable
on said vertical axis.
4. In the footpiece of claim 3, said wobble plate being also
rotatable on the axis of the wobble plate when it is in tilted
position.
5. In the footpiece of claim 1, said wobble plate and said gripping
means comprising a unit, a support in the body above the wobble
plate, means suspending the unit from the support, and said
suspension means including a ball-and-socket coupling.
6. In the footpiece of claim 1, said gripping means being rotatable
on the axis of the wobble plate in any position thereof.
7. In the footpiece of claim 6, said gripping means being a contact
end and a crown disc with downturned points.
8. In the footpiece of claim 1, the spring bias for the gripping
means comprising a bow spring attached at its ends to the under
face of the wobble plate and attached to the gripping means at a
point coincident with said vertical axis.
9. In the footpiece of claim 5, a conical expansion spring
surrounding said coupling and bearing at its ends on the support
and the wobble plate, respectively.
Description
BACKGROUND
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to the art of devices for preventing
slippage between a tread surface and an underlying slippery surface
with which the tread surface is in face contact when in service. In
particular, the invention is in the field of antislip footpieces
for attachment to articles of footwear, overshoes, rubbers, canes,
crutches, walking aids, and the like. The principle upon which this
invention operates is penetration of the underlying surface by
sharp-edged or pointed means associated with the tread surface.
2. The Prior Art
The prior art is replete with antislip devices designed to resist
slippage in any direction, but none, so far as I am aware, is
successful in stopping a slip at its beginning, immediately after
it starts. The prior art has solved the problem of slowing down the
progression of a slip by, in effect, braking the slide of a
slipping tread surface sufficiently to allow time for reflex
compensation, but it has not solved the problem of how to stop a
slide substantially at the instant it starts.
The prior art presently known to me as the closest approach to my
invention is epitomized in U.S. Pat. No. 1,260,142 and No.
2,383,267. Both utilize a circular plate rotatable on a vertical
axis and having peripheral edge means fashioned for forcibly
gripping and penetrating an underlying surface with an applied
force dependent for its magnitude, and therefore its effectiveness,
upon the weight of a wearer. The gripping and braking action of the
rotatable plate in each patent is a function of sliding friction.
No means is provided for inclining either plate whereby to cause a
portion of its peripheral edge to penetrate the underlying
surface.
When a person steps on a slippery surface his foot slips forwardly
and laterally outward, so that his weight is concentrated at the
trailing end or edge of whatever antislip device he may be wearing.
This results in some inclination of the foot and throws the weight
force of the foot at the rear or trailing end with respect to the
direction of slip. Very little, if any, of the weight force is
applied at the leading end or edge which actually is lifted from
the underlying surface. In the devices of the patents hereinbefore
noted the antislip plates serve only as drags for slowing the
resultant slide; no part of their leading edges can penetrate the
underlying surface because the low point of the plate is, in both
cases, at the rear in the line of advance of the slide. Neither
device can effect an immediate stop; whereas the device of this
invention can and does stop a slip as soon as it starts.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention is a solution of the problem of how to stop a
slip-engendered slide as soon as it begins. Structurally, in the
preferred embodiment herein disclosed, it is a footpiece designed
for incorporation in or attachment to footwear, overshoes, rubbers,
walking aids, canes, crutches, and the like. However, the generic
invention, as distinguished from specific embodiments thereof, is
applicable to any usage in which one of a pair of surfaces in
potentially slidable face contact is to be protected against
fortuitous slippage on the other.
In the footpiece here shown, the antislip mechanism is contained
within an open bottom housing having a bottom tread surface which,
in service, bears down upon an underlying ground surface. If the
underlying surface is slippery, the danger of slippage of the tread
surface is always present. A fall on an icy sidewalk, or on a wet
floor, can cause serious and sometimes fatal injury, especially to
the elderly and infirm. Unlike the prior art antislip devices, in
which the means for penetrating the underlying surface is always in
contact therewith whenever the tread surface with which it is
associated is in service contact with the underlying surface, the
slip stopping penetrating means of the present invention is always
out of contact with the underlying surface and cannot become
engaged therewith until a slip has begun. The antislip mechanism of
this invention is operatively responsive only to the actual start
of a slip, which therefore makes it practical to be worn indoors
for walking on floors and rugs without damage thereto.
The antislip mechanism is a unit assembly of a wobble plate
suspended from a support plate that is adjustable axially in the
housing and an actuator (trigger) carried by the wobble plate and
depending therefrom under a spring bias which maintains the bottom
terminal portion of the actuator projected through the open bottom
of the housing for normal gripping engagement with a surface
underlying the tread surface of the housing. The wobble plate is
rotatable and tiltable, and its peripheral edge provides means for
penetrating an underlying surface whenever the plate is tilted out
of its normal plane of revolution on the vertical axis of the
housing. While the plate occupies its normal plane of revolution
the penetrating means is maintained entirely within the housing and
spaced vertically above the housing tread surface. At the beginning
of a slip, the actuator, which is a projection of the housing axis,
is displaced radially from the housing axis and correspondingly
tilts the wobble plate to project its penetrating means downward
and forwardly at an angle and centrally in the direction of slip
advance.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a diametrical sectional view through an antislip
footpiece of the present invention as mounted in service position
in the heel portion of an article of footwear such as a rubber or
the like.
FIG. 2 is a sectional view taken on line 2--2 of FIG. 1.
FIG. 3 is a bottom plan view of the footpiece.
FIG. 4 is a fragmentary perspective view of a portion of the
peripheral edge portion of the wobble plate.
DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
In the specific embodiment of the invention disclosed herein, the
antislip footpiece, designated generally as 10, comprises a thin
cylindrical shell 11 closed at its top 12 and open at its bottom.
An integral, external, annular flange 13 surrounds the bottom of
the shell and is bonded to the body 14 of an article of footwear
into which the shell is recessed and seated against rotation or
axial displacement. The shell provides a socket within which is
seated a complemental metal cylindrical housing 15 closed at its
top 16 and open at its bottom. An external, annular flange 17
integral with the housing underlies the shell flange 13. A ground
engageable adjustable tread member 18, here shown as a ring of
rubber or plastic, underlies the flange 17 and is bonded thereto.
The internal diameter of the tread ring 18 is substantially the
same as the internal diameter of the housing 15, and the housing
and ring constitute a unit that is rotatable within the socket
shell 11 but which is normally fixed against rotation or axial
displacement by a setscrew 19 threaded in the housing wall and
bearing against the inner face of the shell.
As best shown in FIG. 1, the body 14 of the article of footwear is
formed with a conventional tread 20 for engagement with an
underlying ground surface 21 of ice or snow or any slippery
surface. The bottom faces of the adjustable tread ring 18 and the
fixed tread 20 are flush, and the outer peripheral face of the ring
abuts the complemental face of the ground tread 20 in slidable
relation on the line of a circle that is concentric with the
cylindrical wall of the housing 15 and at a point intermediate the
inner and outer peripheries of the overlying housing bottom flange
17. Due to this arrangement, the outer marginal zone of the housing
flange is firmly anchored between the body 14 of the article of
footware and its ground tread 20, thus preventing axial
displacement of the housing independently of the setscrew 19.
Tool-engageable sockets 22 in the ring 18 opening to its bottom
face are adapted to receive a suitable tool by which the entire
unit comprising the ring and the housing 15 may be rotated within
the shell 11 when the setscrew 19 is loosened. Bright-colored
annular wear indicator strips 23 embedded in the ring become
visible at the point of greatest wear and indicate when and where
compensating adjustment of the ring should be made by rotating it
to move the worn area and replace it with a less worn area.
A circular support plate 24 is mounted in the upper portion of
chamber provided by the interior of the housing in threaded
connection with the housing wall. It extends transversely across
the housing interior in a plane perpendicular to the housing axis
and in spaced relation to its closed top end 16. Spring means 25 in
the space between the top end of the housing and the support plate
24 biases the plate to move axially downward within the housing and
thus prevents loose play in the threaded connection between the
peripheral face of the plate and the housing wall. Sockets 26 open
to the under face of the support plate are adapted for engagement
by appropriate tool means whereby the plate may be rotated for
advancement or retraction axially within the housing. The support
plate is provided further with a circumferential series of radial
slots 27 establishing passages between spaces above and below the
plate.
The slip prevention means of the present invention operates
automatically and instantly at the beginning of a slip. As here
shown it comprises a circular wobble plate 28 provided at its
periphery with a circumferential series of downwardly angled radial
teeth 29 terminating in sharp points 30. The angle of inclination
of the teeth is such that immediately upon contact of their points
with an ice, snow, or ground surface beneath the tread ring 18 the
points presented to the surface will forcibly grip the surface and
dig down into it progressively with continuity of the slip,
effectively braking and stopping any slide at its beginning.
The diameter of the wobble plate is such that there is clearance
space between the teeth points and the wall of the housing in any
and all positions which the wobble plate may take. The wobble plate
is suspended from the support plate 24 by a ball-and-socket
connection comprising a stem 31 fixed on the wobble plate at its
center, rising axially therefrom and terminating in a ball 32
seated in a socket 33 fixed to and depending from the support plate
24. The wobble plate is maintained normally in a plane
perpendicular to the axis of the housing assembly and at such
elevation above the plane of the bottom face of tread ring 18 that
the teeth points 30 are fully retracted within the housing and well
clear of any contact with a surface on which the tread ring 18 may
seat. A conical expansion spring 34 surrounds the stem 31 between
the wobble plate and the support plate and holds the wobble plate
against fortuitous tilting from its normal inoperative position
parallel to the support plate.
The trigger means for tilting the wobble plate at the beginning of
a slip comprises a pair of bow springs 35 secured at their ends to
the under face of the wobble plate and crossing each other at a
right angle on the axis of the housing assembly. A crown disc 36 is
welded or otherwise rigidly attached to the under one of the bow
springs 35 at their point of intersection. Integrally secured to
the crown disc 36 is the contact end 38, the end of which is on a
plane only slightly below the crown points 37 of the crown disc 36.
The contact end 38 forms the gripping engagement with the
underlying surface and is specifically designed to be noninjurious
to floors and rugs. The crown disc is centered on the axis of the
housing assembly with its crown points 37 disposed normally in a
plane parallel to and spaced beneath the plane of the bottom face
of the tread ring 18. The biasing force of the bow springs
maintains the crown disc and contact end 38 in projected position
relative to the bottom of the housing at all times when the tread
ring 18 is not in face contact with an underlying surface.
OPERATION
When the bottom wear face of the tread ring 18 bears down upon an
underlying surface, the contact end and the crown disc are forced
upwardly into the housing against the bias of the bow springs 35
which holds the contact end firmly against the underlying surface
with a pressure sufficient to grip the surface and thus hold the
contact end in its surface-engaged position until it is moved
therefrom by a force greater than the grip holding force applied by
the bow springs 35. In this first surface grip position of the
contact end, the force applied by springs 35 is downward directly
along the axis of the housing assembly, and so long as the contact
end remains in its initial position of underlying surface
engagement the wobble plate will not be tilted and none of its
teeth points 30 will contact the underlying surface. However,
immediately upon the beginning of a slip, the incident lateral
movement of the housing assembly, in any direction, will be
resisted by the existing surface grip of the contact end 38 which
thereupon lags relative to the moving housing assembly and is
dragged in the direction of the slip movement. The retarding force
imposed by the drag tilts the crown disc out of its initial
position so that its points will contact the underlying surface and
correspondingly tilt the wobble plate 28 so that its resulting
peripheral low point is disposed forwardly in the line of advance
of the housing assembly, thus constituting a leading edge.
The force of the slip advance resistance imposed by the contact end
and by the tilt and drag of the crown disc points forces the points
of the wobble plate teeth which lie on the arc of its tilting low
point into gripping and penetrating engagement with the underlying
surface, as shown in dotted line in FIG. 1, thereby instantly
braking the sliding housing assembly and checking its further
movement. As soon as the housing assembly is lifted clear from the
underlying surface the biasing force of the spring 34 returns the
wobble plate to its initial position perpendicular to the axis of
the housing assembly, and the biasing force of the bow springs 35
returns the contact end 38 and crown disc 36 to its initial
projected position.
The contact end 38 and crown disc 36 serve as an actuator which
triggers automatic operation of the slip prevention means whenever
the contact end and disc are displaced radially relative to the
axis of the housing assembly. The act of such displacement causes
the contact end and crown disc to move bodily through an arc on a
radius determined by the length of the distance between the center
of the ball 32 and the planes of the contact end and the tips of
the crown disc points 37. When this displacement occurs, the
arcuate movement of the contact end and crown disc are reproduced
exactly and simultaneously in the wobble plate 28, causing it to
tilt in the direction of advance in the slide engendered by a slip.
The number and circumferential spacing of the wobble plate teeth 29
is such that in any direction of slip a plurality of closely spaced
tooth points 30 will grip and/or penetrate the underlying surface.
The depth of their penetration is determined by the extent to which
the wobble plate is tilted, and this extent is, in turn, determined
by the distance between the bottom face of the support plate 24 and
the top face of the wobble plate. As seen in FIG. 1, the support
plate 24 provides a stop member against which the high point of the
wobble plate abuts at the limit of its tilt.
It is rarely the case that the centerline of a slide will remain
coincident with the radial centerline of the leading wobble plate
tooth whose point first engages an underlying surface. Practically,
in every slide, the direction of slide is a combined forward and
lateral movement, the resultant of which is a diagonal. Because of
the fact that the wobble plate 28 is freely rotatable on the axis
of the stem 31 of the ball-and-socket coupling between the wobble
plate and its support plate 24, an increment of lateral force will
correspondingly rotate the wobble plate so that other teeth points
30 will constantly be presented to replace those moved away from
the center line of the slide by the increment of lateral force. No
matter how closely spaced the teeth points 30 be, if the wobble
plate is fixed against rotation no more than the number of teeth
points within approximately 60.degree. of arc can be in position to
engage an underlying surface at the beginning of a slide, and the
effectiveness of each such tooth point will decrease in proportion
to its distance from the midpoint of the arc. If, then, a sudden
shift in the center line direction of a slide imposes an increment
of laterally directed force, the resultant centerline direction of
the slide will be such that few, if any, of the stationary wobble
plate teeth points will be in position to grip or penetrate an
underlying surface. If, as in the present invention, the movable
wobble plate shifts under the influence of laterally applied
forces, the total number of teeth points 30 included in an arc of
60.degree. will always be presented in position to grip or
penetrate an underlying surface in any direction or change in
direction the slide may take. Due to the fact that the direction in
which the contact end 38 and crown disc 36 travel during their
radial displacement relative to the vertical axis of the housing
assembly is always diametrically opposite to the line of advance in
a slide, the arc along which the contact end and crown disc move
will insure that the major bulk of the crown disc body will be
disposed in opposition to slide advance of the housing assembly,
thus effectively assisting the wobble plate teeth points in
resisting the advance and, in fact, providing active resistance
before the resistance of the wobble plate teeth points becomes
fully effective.
When the tread ring 18 of the housing assembly seats on a loose
snow surface, some snow may enter the housing through its open
bottom and tend to pack in the space between the wobble plate and
its support plate and block proper tilting of the wobble plate. In
the present invention the radial passages 27 through the body of
the support plate 24 permit snow lifted by the wobble plate in
tilting to be moved into the space between the support plate and
the closed top 12 of the housing, thus eliminating packing of the
snow above the wobble plate.
A salient feature of the invention is the fact that the
effectiveness of its slip prevention mechanism is in no way
dependent upon the axially downward application of force to the
housing assembly, so that the weight of a person wearing an article
of footwear equipped with the footpiece of this invention has no
effect in the operation of the slip-prevention mechanism at any
time.
* * * * *