U.S. patent number 3,629,901 [Application Number 04/831,806] was granted by the patent office on 1971-12-28 for hinges.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Lenox-Werk Emil Liebler & Co.. Invention is credited to Maria Hermine Wolf, administratrix, Johann Alois Wolf, deceased.
United States Patent |
3,629,901 |
Wolf, deceased , et
al. |
December 28, 1971 |
HINGES
Abstract
A one-piece hinge formed of plastic material, movable about an
axis from a closed and open position is disclosed, the hinge
including two hinge plates interconnected by a web which lies in
one axis, at least one slit arranged at right angles to the axis
separating the web into two or more hung strips, one of the strips
being grooved at the position of the axis, another hinge strip
acting as a tension spring to bias the hinge into its closed and
open positions also including a spring portion thereof having an
undulating from in both the closed and open positions and
displaceable about two additional axes parallel to but at points
offset from the first axis.
Inventors: |
Wolf, deceased; Johann Alois
(LATE OF Neustadt, DT), Wolf, administratrix; Maria
Hermine (Neustadt bei Coburg, DT) |
Assignee: |
Lenox-Werk Emil Liebler &
Co. (Vahrendorf, DT)
|
Family
ID: |
5695573 |
Appl.
No.: |
04/831,806 |
Filed: |
April 29, 1969 |
Foreign Application Priority Data
|
|
|
|
|
Apr 30, 1968 [DT] |
|
|
P 17 59 430.8 |
|
Current U.S.
Class: |
16/227;
220/838 |
Current CPC
Class: |
E05D
1/02 (20130101); Y10T 16/5257 (20150115) |
Current International
Class: |
E05D
1/00 (20060101); E05D 1/02 (20060101); E05d
009/00 () |
Field of
Search: |
;16/150 ;150/.5
;220/31SR ;229/DIG.4 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Foreign Patent Documents
Other References
Pardue et al., Def. Pub. of Serial No. 535,843 filed Mar. 21, 1966,
Published in 857 O. G. 1037, on Dec. 24, 1968.
|
Primary Examiner: Gay; Bobby R.
Assistant Examiner: Aschenbrenner; Peter A.
Claims
It is claimed:
1. A one-piece hinge formed of plastic material, and moveable about
a first axis between closed and open position, comprising:
two hinge plates interconnected by a web in which lies the first
axis,
one or more slits arranged generally at right angles to the first
axis and separating said web into at least two hinge strips,
one of said hinge strips being grooved at the position of said
first axis,
the other of said hinge strips being adapted to function as a
tension spring to bias the hinge into its closed, and open,
positions and including a spring portion displaceable about two
second axis parallel to, but at points offset from, said first
axis,
said spring portion having at least one section which is extensible
longitudinally as the hinge plates are swung from their closed
position to their open position, which has an undulating form in
both the closed and open positions such that tension is maintained
in a direction longitudinal to said spring portion.
2. A hinge as in claim 1 wherein said spring portion has a
thickened section intermediate two other sections of comparatively
reduced thickness.
3. A hinge as in claim 2 wherein said thickened section is
positioned centrally between the two other sections, which both
have an undulating form.
4. A hinge as claimed in claim 1 in which the spring portion has
the overall form of a capital letter omega
5. A hinge as claimed claim 1 in which the distances separating the
attachment points between the hinge strip from the hinge axis are
different.
6. A hinge as claimed in claim 1 in which the hinge axis and the
attachment points lie in the median common plane of the hinge
plates when the hinge is in its metastable intermediate
position.
7. A hinge as claimed in any of claim 1, in which both the hinge
axis and the attachment points lie outside the median common plane
of the hinge plates and on respectively opposite sides thereof when
the hinge is in its metastable intermediate position.
8. A hinge as claimed in claim 1, comprising a plurality of said
one and said other hinge strips, arranged alternately along the
hinge axis.
9. A one-piece hinge formed of inherently flexible, resilient
plastic material, said hinge comprising:
two relatively thick and inflexible hinge plates,
at least one first hinge strip connecting said plates and having a
groove formed therein to define a hinge axis about which said
plates are rotatable, and
at least one second hinge strip longitudinally displaced along said
hinge axis from said first hinge strip and also connected between
said plates but at offset connection points offset from said hinge
axis,
said second hinge strip including at least one undulating
springlike section which provides a tension force between said
offset connection points to bias said hinge plates to one of its
open and closed stable positions.
Description
This invention concerns improvements in or relating to hinges. More
particularly, the invention is concerned with hinges moldable in
one-piece from so-called "plastic" material, that is to say from
natural or synthetic resins, and which are for instance especially
suitable for mounting the lid upon the body of an injection-molded
plastic container. Such hinges consist essentially of a groove in
the plastic material between the hinge plates, which enables the
inherently flexible plastic material to bend in a hingelike manner
along the line of the groove.
It is known to furnish one-piece plastic hinges of this type with a
spring which normally holds the hinge in the closed position, thus
for instance holds the lid upon the body; and which is tensioned as
the hinge is swung back, thus for instance as the lid of the
container is opened. This arrangement, however, requires the
provision of a separate tension spring whose ends must be secured
to the respective hinge plates. It is also known to make one-piece
plastic hinges, for instance by injection-molding or extrusion
techniques from polypropylene or other plastic materials, in such a
way that the inherent resilience of the plastic material in the
region of the groove constituting the hinge, which is elastically
deformed whenever the hinge plates are swung away from the original
position in which they were formed during manufacture, tends always
on release of the hinge plates to return them automatically to
their original position. This tendency, however, is restricted by
the weight of the hingedly interconnected parts, by frictional
forces and indeed possibly by other resistances to movement. It is,
moreover, difficult if not impossible so to manufacture the hinge
in this way that it exerts a positive bias to close the hinge, and
thus for instance to hold the lid positively upon the body of the
container.
However, one-piece plastic hinges are already known, which possess
a positive hinge-closing bias. These one-piece plastic hinges,
known under the name Mira-Gelenk, have two hinge strips, separated
by a slit and extending parallel to each other at right-angles to
the hinge axis (in the sense of the axis about which the hinge
plates are to swing), these hinge strips being each grooved
generally in the direction of the hinge axis to constitute the
hinge, but with the grooves in the respective hinge strips slightly
offset relative to one another. With this arrangement, due to the
offset between the direction of the grooves in the respective hinge
strips, the spring plates can be opened only by deforming the
resiliently flexible plastic material from which the hinge is made
so as to bring the grooves in the respective strips into line with
the hinge axis. Consequently, this construction possesses a
positive hinge-closing bias. Unfortunately, however, this known
construction possesses certain disadvantages. It can be
manufactured only by injection-molding with the hinge plates
aligned almost precisely in the 180.degree. -open position.
Moreover, although this construction does impart a positive
hinge-closure effect, the force with which that closure can be
effected cannot be very great, usually no more than that occasioned
by a 12.degree.-..degree. deflection from the natural rest
position, since otherwise the inherent resilience of the plastic
material will be overstrained and become weakened. Furthermore,
hinges of this construction have projecting edges, and require a
slit between the hinge strips of 0.8 to 1 mm. width, which often is
undesirable in containers. Finally, there are various manufacturing
difficulties. Containers of rectilinear cross section can be made
only with difficulty if provided with a hinge of this type. The
injection-molding equipment must be most accurately constructed and
operated, since with the plastic materials usually employed the
thickness of the hinge at its thinnest point adjacent the groove
must be only 0.25 to 0.35 mm. Furthermore, where two or more hinges
are provided adjacent one another between the lid and the body of a
container, it is essential that these adjacent hinges must be
exactly similar.
It is an object of the present invention to provide a novel
construction of one-piece plastic hinge generally superior to those
heretofore available, and which in particular is easy to
manufacture, possesses a strong, positive hinge-closing action, and
is well adapted for use in containers of rectilinear cross
section.
According to the present invention, there is provided a one-piece
hinge formed of inherently flexible, resilient, plastic material,
comprising two relatively thick and inflexible hinge plates
separated but innterconnected by a relatively thin and flexible
joint constituting the hinge axis, in which the hinge is separated
by one or more slits arranged generally at right-angles to the
hinge axis into at least two hinge strips, one of said strips being
grooved along the hinge axis and defining the same, another of said
hinge strips having hingelike axes formed by material thinning at
each of its ends, said hingelike axes extending parallel to the
hinge axis and inter connecting the hinge plates at points offset
from the hinge axis with the respective ends of the intermediate
portion of said other hinge strip, said intermediate portion having
at least one relatively thin, resiliently flexible corrugated
section extensible longitudinally as the hinge plates are swung
from their closed to their open position.
The intermediate portion of the other hinge strip which functions
as a tension spring to bias the hinge in to its closed position can
be formed of relatively thin and hence resiliently flexible
material and can be corrugated throughout its entire length.
However, it is much preferred that this intermediate portion shall
include a central, relatively thick and inflexible section
surrounded by two relatively thin, resiliently flexible corrugated
sections. Conveniently, the intermediate portion overall either can
have the form of a capital letter omega or can consist of a central
relatively thick section similar to that constituting the hinge
plates surrounded by relatively thin and flexible U-shaped
sections.
The hinge constructed according to this invention possesses a
snap-action, that is to say it is held positively by the resilience
of the corrugated section(s) of the intermediate portion of the
hinge strip in either its open or its closed position, and passes
as it is swung between those open and closed positions through a
metastable intermediate position in which the resiliently flexible
corrugations are stretched to their full extent. If the hinge axis
of one of the hinge strips and the attachment points between the
corrugated hinge strip and the hinge plates in the same plane,
normally the median plane of the hinge plate, then the opening
angle of the hinge (i.e., the angle which it makes, in open
position, with the metastable intermediate position) will be the
same as its closing angle (i.e., the angle which it makes, in a
fully relaxed closed position, with the metastable intermediate).
If it is desired that the opening and closing angles of the hinge
should be different, this can readily be achieved by locating the
hinge axis in one hinge strip about which the hinge plates swing in
a different plane (located in the common plane of the hinge plates)
from the plane (also lying in the common plane of the hinge plates)
of the attachment points connecting the hinge plates to the other
hinge strip. For this purpose it may also be convenient to arrange
that the attachment points interconnecting this other hinge strip
with the respective hinge plates are offset by significantly
different distances from the hinge axis in the first-mentioned
hinge strip about which the hinge plates swing.
The hinge according to this invention can consist of only two hinge
strips, as so far described. However, it is generally preferred
that the hinge should consist of at least two and advantageously a
plurality of hinge strips of the first-mentioned type, arranged
alternately along the hinge axis with hinge strips of the
second-mentioned type. It is, moreover, also preferred that the two
hinge plates should each be moulded integrally into and form part
of a container, thus respectively the container body and the
container lid, so that the whole container including the hinge
between lid and body may be injection-molded in one piece.
According to requirements, the container including the hinge should
be so molded that the lid of the container engages with the body of
the container before the hinge has reached its fully closed
position, and thus before the corrugations in the appropriate hinge
strips have reached their fully relaxed condition, so that the lid
is thereby positively held in the closed position by the resilient
bias of the corrugated hinge strip. Unlike the previously known
construction, it is possible to injection-mold the hinge according
to this invention with the hinge plates arranged at an angle of
45.degree. . The force with which the closure is effected can be
varied from weak to strong, simply by suitable choice of the
thicknesses and dimensions of the various parts, as well as
naturally also the material from which they are made. It is
possible by making the parts thin and consequently elastic to
secure a closing force equivalent to a deflection from the relaxed
position of as much as 30.degree. . Since the corrugation in the
corrugated hinge strip can easily be kept (naturally, when the
hinge is in the closed position) within the outer contours of the
hinge (defined by the normal-type hinge strips) there are no
projecting edges. The slit separating the hinge strips can be kept
to a minimal width, of about 0.1 mm., merely sufficient to permit
the hinge strips to slide past one another, and consequently the
slit becomes practically imperceptible. The hinge according to the
invention can be used to secure the lid to the body of even a
rectilinear container, since the outer contours of the hinge can be
identical to those of the container when the lid is in the closed
position. It will, moreover, be appreciated that no excessive
precision is required in injection-molding techniques when
manufacturing containers with the hinges in accordance with the
invention.
In order that the invention may be well understood it will now be
described in more detail, though by way of illustration only, with
reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 shows a plan view of one preferred embodiment of a one-piece
hinge manufactured in accordance with the invention from plastic
material;
FIG. 2 shows a view, partly in elevation and partly in cross
section, of the same embodiment, taken along the line I--I in FIG.
1, showing the hinge in closed position;
FIG. 3 shows a view similar to that of FIG. 2, but with the hinge
in its metastable intermediate position;
FIG. 4 shows a view similar to FIGS. 2 and 3, but with the hinge in
open position;
FIG. 5 shows a view, partly in elevation and partly in cross
section, generally similar to that of FIGS. 2-4, but of another
embodiment of hinge according to the invention, in closed position;
and
FIG. 6 shows a similar view of the same embodiment as shown in FIG.
5, but with the hinge in open position.
Referring to FIGS. 1 to 4, it will be seen that the hinge comprises
two hinge plates 1 and 2, interconnected via two hinge strips 3 and
4, each of these hinge strips 3, 4 being grooved on both faces (at
5 and 6 respectively) to define the hinge axis. The hinge strips 3
and 4 are separated respectively by slits 7 and 8 from an
intervening hinge strip (identified in FIG. 1 as 9) which--as can
best be seen in FIGS. 2-4--comprises a central, relatively thick
and inflexible section 9' , whose ends are linked respectively to
hinge plates 1 and 2 by relatively thin and hence flexible U-shaped
corrugations. The hingelike axis of these corrugations are marked
respectively 10 and 11.
FIG. 2 shows the hinge in its closed position, in which hinge plate
1 is held in the desired position relative to hinge plate 2 about
the hinge axis by the corrugated hinge strip 9, which (as shown) is
in its relaxed, unstretched condition--or which may be under slight
tension, if a positive closing force is required. In order to move
the hinge to its open position, hinge plate 1 must be swung about
the hinge axis into the metastable position shown in FIG. 3. Here
the U-shaped corrugations in hinge strip 9 are fully stretched, and
thus due to their inherent resilience exert the maximum tension on
hinge plates 1 and 2 about the hinge axis. Once the hinge plate 1
is moved past this metastable position, the tension exerted by the
stretched U-shaped corrugations snaps the hinge into the open
position shown in FIG. 4. Here the U-shaped corrugations have again
assumed their relaxed, unstretched shape, and their natural
resilience will retain the hinge plate 1 in this open position,
unless a positive closing action is undertaken.
It will be noted that in FIG. 3 the attachment points between
corrugated hinge strip 9 and respectively hinge plate 1 and 2 have
been indicated as 12 and 13. These in the metastable position of
the hinge shown in FIG. 3 lie in a plane with the hinge axis,
defined by groove 5. As shown in FIG. 3, this plane is the median
common plane of the hinge plate 1 and 2, consequently the opening
and closing angles of the hinge (shown respectively in FIG. 2 and
FIG. 4) are the same. If, however, the hinge axis 5 and the
attachment points 12 and 13 do not lie in the median common plane,
then the opening and closing angles of the hinge will be
different.
In FIGS. 5 and 6 there is shown a hinge particularly intended to be
integrally molded with both the body and the lid of a container.
Here the hinge plate 15 forms part of the container lid, and hinge
plate 16 forms part of the wall of the container body. The hinge
axis between lid and body, indicated at 17, is constituted by a
groove (see especially FIG. 6) in hinge strip 18. The lid 15 is
held in the closed position shown in FIG. 5 by corrugated hinge
strip 14, having a second central section 14' ,which overall has
the shape of a capital letter omega It can clearly be seen, by a
comparison of FIGS. 5 and 6, that--because the hinge axis 17 lies
on one side of the median common plane of the hinge plates 15 and
16 while the attachment points between the hinge plates and the
respective ends of the corrugated hinge strip 14' lie on the other
side of the median common plane--the opening and closing angles of
the hinge are different.
FIGS. 5 and 6 show the hinge in its respective extreme positions,
that is to say when the corrugations are as fully relaxed as
possible. Thus, in this extreme closed position shown in full-line
in FIG. 5 the container lid, while retained in the closed position
by the resilient flexibility of the corrugated hinge strip 14, is
not positively forced into engagement with the container body
thereby. However, it is sometimes advantageous to hold the lid upon
a container by a positive force. For this purpose, the hinge should
close the container before the hinge itself has reached a fully
closed position. This is illustrated in FIG. 5 in dotted lines. The
lid 15 is brought into engagement at this position with the
container body, and thus before hinge strip 14 is fully relaxed, so
that the latter positively holds the lid in engagement
therewith.
It will be understood that, in order to secure the difference
between the opening and closing angles of the hinge, relative to
the common plane of the hinge plate, it is possible to alter the
separation between the hinge axis, defined by the groove 5 in FIGS.
2-4, and the attachment points between the ends of the corrugated
hinge strip and the respective hinge plates, thus for instance
points 12 and 13. In principle, the same result is then secured as
has been described above in relation to a shift of the hinge axis
and of the attachment points out of the median common plane of the
hinge plates.
While two preferred embodiments of the invention have been
described above in detail, it will be well understood by those
skilled in the art that various modifications and alterations can
readily be made within the scope of the present invention.
* * * * *