U.S. patent number 3,629,559 [Application Number 04/774,420] was granted by the patent office on 1971-12-21 for analogue to digital converters.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Greenwood Mills. Invention is credited to Lewis E. Cassaday.
United States Patent |
3,629,559 |
Cassaday |
December 21, 1971 |
ANALOGUE TO DIGITAL CONVERTERS
Abstract
Apparatus and method for monitoring a condition of a textile
machine including switch means mounted adjacent the machine having
an open and closed position and means mounted on the textile
machine for causing the switch means to alternately change status
while the machine is in operation, the frequency of the status
changes being a function of the condition being monitored. In the
specific embodiment disclosed, a reed switch is mounted adjacent
one of the dials on a hank counter which carries a portion of
magnetic material within it so that the reed switch is periodically
closed as the hank counter dial rotates to indicate the production
of a given amount of material. The reed switch is attached to
appropriate electrical circuitry so that a first electrical
condition results when the switch is closed, and a second condition
when the switch is open and the electrical conditions are
periodically polled at a frequency greater than the frequency at
which the switch condition changes so that all changes of status
are detected and so that each change represents a specific quantity
of output material produced.
Inventors: |
Cassaday; Lewis E. (Greenwood,
SC) |
Assignee: |
Greenwood Mills (Greenwood,
SC)
|
Family
ID: |
25101176 |
Appl.
No.: |
04/774,420 |
Filed: |
November 8, 1968 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
377/15; 235/103;
377/37 |
Current CPC
Class: |
D01H
13/32 (20130101); H03M 1/30 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
D01H
13/00 (20060101); D01H 13/32 (20060101); H03M
1/00 (20060101); G07c 003/10 () |
Field of
Search: |
;235/92MP,92PD,92FL,103,92ST ;340/347,271 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Wilbur; Maynard R.
Assistant Examiner: Thesz, Jr.; Joseph M.
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. Apparatus for sensing a condition of a textile machine
comprising:
a hank counter,
switch means mounted in association with said textile machine
including a switch having two contacts which contact when magnetic
material is placed within a given distance of said contacts and
separate after said material is removed from within said given
distance,
means mounted on said textile machine for causing said switch means
to alternately change from said first to second position and from
said second to said first position while said machine is in
operation so that the frequency of said changing varies with said
condition including a dial of said hank counter which rotates at a
speed which is a function of a given machine condition and at least
a single piece of magnetic material mounted on said dial so that
said piece approaches within said given distance and is
subsequently removed from said given distance at separated
intervals of time, and
means for checking the position of said switch means at a frequency
greater than said frequency of said changing and for using the
number of changes of said position to determine said condition.
2. Apparatus as in claim 1 including means connected to said switch
means for producing a first electrical signal when said switch is
in an open position and producing a second electrical signal when
said switch is in a closed position.
3. Apparatus as in claim 2 including means connected to said
producing means for receiving said first and second signals and
employing said signals to determine said condition.
4. Apparatus as in claim 1 including a plurality of pieces of
magnetic material.
5. Apparatus as in claim 1 including a plurality of switch means
and a plurality of causing means associated with a plurality of
textile machines.
6. Apparatus as in claim 5 including computer means for processing
information derived from said frequency of opening and closing.
7. Apparatus for determining the production of a textile machine
comprising:
a hank counter mounted on said machine,
switch means having a first and a second condition, said switch
means being changed from first to said second condition when
magnetic material is moved within a given distance of said switch
means, and changed from said second to said first condition when
magnetic material is removed from within said given distance,
and
magnetic material mounted within a wheel of said counter which
moves at a rate varying with said production so that said material
is alternately moved within said distance and removed from within
said distance to cause said switch means to alternatively assume
said first and second condition so that said production is
proportional to the time intervals between said switch means
changing from said first to said second and from said second to
said first conditions.
8. A method for determining the production of a textile machine
comprising the steps of:
mounting switch means, which responds to the presence of magnetic
material within a given distance of itself by closing two contacts
and which responds to the absence of magnetic material from within
said given distance by opening said contacts, adjacent a hank
counter which rotates during operation at a rate which is a
function of the production of said machine,
mounting magnetic material within a wheel of said hank counter so
that said material alternately is moved within and removed from
said given distance, when said machine is operating, and
employing the time intervals between the opening and closing of
said contacts to determine said production.
9. A method as in claim 8 including the additional step of
producing an electrical signal having a first characteristic when
said switch means is closed and a second characteristic when said
switch means is open.
10. Apparatus for sensing a condition of textile machine
comprising:
a hank clock having at least a single dial mounted on said
machine,
switch means mounted in association with said textile machine and
having a first and second position,
at least a single magnetic member mounted on said dial for causing
said switch means to be in said first position when said dial is in
a first position and said switch means to be in said second
position when said dial is in a second position, so that the
frequency of said changing varies with said condition.
11. Apparatus for sensing a condition of a textile machine
comprising:
a hank clock mounted on said machine
switch means mounted in association with said textile machine and
having two contacts, a first position in which said contacts
contact, when magnetic material is placed within a given distance
of said contacts and a second position in which said contacts are
separated when said material is removed from within said given
distance
means mounted on said textile machine for causing said switch means
to alternately change from said first to second position and from
said second to said first position while said machine is in
operation so that the frequency of said changing varies with said
condition, including a wheel of said hank counter mounted on a part
of said textile machine which rotates at a speed which is a
function of a given condition and at least a single piece of
magnetic material mounted within said wheel so that said piece
approaches within said given distance and is subsequently removed
from said given distance at separated intervals of time.
12. Apparatus for sensing a condition of a textile machine
comprising:
a hank clock mounted on said machine
switch means mounted in association with said textile machine and
having two contacts, a first position in which said contacts
contact, when magnetic material is placed within a given distance
of said contacts and a second position in which said contacts are
separated when said material is removed from within said given
distance
means mounted on said textile machine for causing said switch means
to alternately change from said first to second position and from
said second to said first position while said machine is in
operation so that the frequency of said changing varies with said
condition, including a dial of said hank counter mounted on a part
of said textile machine which rotates at a speed which is a
function of a given condition and at least a single piece of
magnetic material mounted within said dial so that said piece
approaches within said given distance and is subsequently removed
from said given distance at separated intervals of time.
Description
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE PRIOR
ART AND SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The invention relates to an apparatus and method for monitoring a
condition of a textile machine and for conveying an indication of
that condition to a recorder or computer.
In any factory with a number of independently operating machines
and particularly in a textile mill, it is desirable to be
constantly aware of which machines are in operation as well as
which machines are not. These machines may be looms, spinning
frame, knitting machine or, indeed, any type of textile machine.
Moreover, it is desirable to know the exact quantities of finished
products being produced by each machine at all times in order that
intelligent managerial decisions relating to the raw materials
required for each machine and the types and quantities of finished
goods being produced at any given time can be made.
In addition, since the pay of the workers operating these machines
is often related to the amount of material produced, information on
output quantities and running times can be used to determine
payroll schedules and amounts. Indeed, by feeding production
information gathered from all machines in a mill or factory into a
computer or other similar device, the computer can correlate and
work the information in a variety of ways to indicate the
individual and overall productions, to indicate which machines are
not functioning and which are malfunctioning to indicate the causes
of such failures and malfunctions, to prepare detailed reports on
raw materials and the routing thereof, to prepare and distribute
accurate payroll checks reflecting the amount of finished goods
produced by each worker and the amount of time spent by each worker
in producing those goods and to prepare many other valuable reports
and computations.
Pick counters mounted on each machine have been used in the past,
particularly with looms, to record the number of running cycles, of
a rotating textile machine part and thus record a number which is a
function of the production of that machine and which can be related
to that production. Similarly, hank counters mounted on the roll
feeding material to a textile machine have been used to record
production indirectly by monitoring the input of raw materials.
However, such devices provide an output which must be periodically
and manually read, and simply do not produce a suitable signal for
input into a digital computer, or similar device nor information
which can be used to supply an immediate evaluation of a variety of
machine and mill conditions.
Also, in the prior art, both optical and electrical means have been
utilized in an attempt to determine which of the machines in a mill
are in operation. Most of the optical systems employ a beam of
light which is interrupted while the machine is operating, and the
electrical systems a switch which is closed while the machine is
operating, and open during nonoperating times or vice versa, as in
the Long et al. U.S. Pat. No. 3,340,537. However, such optical and
electrical systems have been unsatisfactory, in part because of the
ease with which they can be circumvented by workers, who after all
have a monetary interest in an indication that the machines are
operating, and in part because they do not supply an indication of
the quantity of finished products being produced.
In contrast, the present invention relates to a system with a
simple device which can be associated with each textile machine to
produce a series of electrical bilevel, output signals which not
only indicate whether that textile machine is operating or not, but
also continuously indicates the quantity of finished goods being
produced by that textile machine. Moreover, the specific embodiment
set forth below, which is particularly difficult to circumvent,
employs a simple reed or similar switch, having a closed and an
open position, and mounted adjacent one of the printed dials of a
conventional hank counter, which is widely used to provide a visual
indication of output in the form of a mechanically produced count
which can be read manually and interpreted. One or more pieces of
magnetic material are carried by this dial so that each time the
rotation of the dial brings a piece of magnetic material into close
relation with the reed switch, the contacts of the switch are
closed, and as the rotation carries the piece away from the switch,
the contacts open or vice versa. Such devices have been employed
before in connection with monitoring the removal of gasoline as in
the Romanowski U.S. Pat. No. 3,360,094, but not in connection with
a hank counter on a textile machine.
The number of openings and closings within a given time is thus
directly related to the rate of rotation of the dial and thus the
production of the machine with which the hank counter is
associated. The reed switch is attached to a suitable electrical
circuit, and is connected to the computer or other recorder so that
a first voltage signal indicating a first reed switch condition,
such as open, and a second level indicating a second position, such
as closed, is produced. The computer then polls each of the reed
switches associated with each of the machines in the system at a
frequency greater than the rate at which the reed switches change
status, so that each change of status of a switch is detected and
represents a specific quantity of material produced which the
computer can then add to the cumulative total of material produced
by that machine to produce a figure representing the overall
production of that machine and then of the entire plant. In
addition, the computer can recognize the absence of a change in
status for a given time as a machine stop and can react to this top
in any manner desired, for example, by dispatching a repairman, by
rerouting materials or by shifting production schedules.
Other objects and advantages of this invention will become apparent
after reading the following detailed description of the invention
as set forth below.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 shows a cutaway view of a reed switch and a hank counter
dial with four magnets disposed therein.
FIG. 2 shows a graph of the changes in a switch position, and the
time of polling of the switch.
FIG. 3 shows a connection to a computer of a number of switches
associated with a number of textile machines.
FIG. 4 shows a reed switch mounted adjacent a dial having a number
of magnets disposed therein.
FIG. 5 shows a hank counter with the reed switch mounted adjacent
one of the rotating dials.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Reference is now made to FIG. 1 which shows a mercury switch 20
mounted adjacent a rotating member 22 which is associated with or
mounted on a textile machine. The member 22 is rotated by means of
a shaft 24, upon which it is mounted, and which in turn may be the
driving shaft part of a hank clock which serves to produce a count
of the total number of rotations of a given rotating part of a
textile machine from which a determination of the total production
of that machine can be made. The member 22 and the switch 20 are
mounted within a suitable housing 26 which is shown in cross
section. Ordinarily, the shaft 24 rotates at a reduced speed, which
is much less than the actual rotational velocity of any part of the
loom or textile machine with which it is associated.
A suitable magnet 28 which may be composed of any suitable
magnetized material, such as ALNICO-V, is mounted on the dial 22
for rotation therewith. The switch 20 and the dial 22 are mounted
so that the mercury switch 20 alternately closes and opens as the
magnet 28 is driven toward and away from the switch 20. Suitable
electrical circuitry and a digital computer or recorder can then be
connected to the switch 20 as described below to produce electrical
signals which can be used to determine the amount of material
produced by the machine associated with switch 20.
Reference is now made to FIG. 2 which shows a graph illustrating
the times at which a typical switch opens and closes the frequency
of polling thereof to ascertain status changes. As is apparent from
FIG. 2, the time intervals between successive polls is
substantially less than the time intervals between alternate
openings and closings of the switch. This time differential, of
course, is necessary so that each change of status will be properly
detected and none missed. In FIG. 2, the switch 20 is initially
closed when the first polling is made and has opened by the time
that the second polling takes place. Accordingly, a single unit of
production is noted. Due to a malfunction or other cause of machine
stoppage, the switch 20 then does not reclose until the seventh
polling interval at which time a second unit of produced material
is recorded. Similarly, at the eighth polling period the switch is
once again open and a third production unit is noted. No change is
detected at the end of the ninth polling interval, but on the
tenth, the switch 20 has once again closed and another production
unit is noted. Of course, the computer, recorder or human operator
is aware of the amount of finished material which is equivalent to
one unit for any given machine producing any given product, and
hence each unit recorded can be interpreted as a definite amount of
finished goods and the five units recorded during the 12 polling
cycles shown in FIG. 2 will be interpreted as a given and known
amount which the textile machine is being polled has produced.
Reference is now made to FIG. 3 which shows the connection of a
number of switches each associated with a different textile machine
to a computer or recorder. These switches, such as the switch 20 in
FIG. 1, are combined to make up a system of monitoring a number of
textile machines in which the computer sequentially polls each of
the switches and their attendant electrical circuitry at discrete
and separated polling intervals, such as set forth in FIG. 2. The
time between pollings, as mentioned above, of course, must be
greater than and hence is dependent upon the frequency with which
changes of switch status occur. Further, this change of status rate
is dependent both upon the angular velocity of rotating member
which carries the magnet or magnets and the number of magnets
earned by that rotating member.
To poll one of the switches shown in FIG. 3, the computer 30
ordinarily supplies a test voltage of, for example, 18 volts to the
line connecting the computer 30 to the switch which is associated
with the textile machine chosen for polling. If switch SW3 were to
be polled, the test voltage would be applied to line 34. If the
switch SW3 is closed, then the test voltage is shorted to ground
via the capacitor 36 so that a pulse of current passes downline 34
and the computer is immediately aware of a closed switch. If the
switch SW3 is open, of course no current passes through the switch
SW3 to ground and the computer 30 then, of course, realizes that
the switch SW3 is open. In most applications it is desirable that
polling take place at about intervals of 1 minute. Thus the switch
can be associated with the machine so that changes of status occur
at intervals slightly greater than one minute.
Reference is now made to FIG. 4, which shows a reed switch 37
having two contacts 38 and 40 which are forced into electrical
connection when a suitable magnetized piece of material is brought
into close relation with the two contacts 38 and 40. Two wires 42
and 44 lead from the contacts 38 and 40 to the computer or
recorder, for example, in the same manner as described above in
connection with FIG. 3. The rotating dial 46 which carries five
magnets 48, 50, 52, 54 and 56 may simply be one of the dials of a
hank counter as shown in FIG. 5, or it may be simply a rotating
member mounted on or in mechanical connection with any other
suitable rotating part on a textile machine.
The dial 46 is mounted upon a shaft 58 which rotates with the
textile machine at a rate proportional to the amount of raw
material used by that machine or finished goods produced. Of
course, it is not necessary that the shaft 58 rotate at the same
speed as the part of the textile machine with which it is
associated and indeed it may be desirable for the shaft 58 to
rotate at a speed which is much less than the actual speed of any
part of the textile machine itself. This reduction in speed can, of
course, be accomplished by means of conventional gear trains or by
other suitable mechanical structures. Each time one of the magnets
48, 50, 52, 54 or 56 comes into close adjunction with the contacts
38 and 40, these contacts are forced into electrical connection for
a short interval. As the magnet moves away, the contacts separate
and the open and closed positions resulting from such alternate
change of status can be detected as described above to provide both
a continuous indication of whether the machine is operating
properly and of the amount of material being produced at any given
time. For maximum efficiency, it is desirable to position the
switch 37 and magnets 48, 50, 52, 54 and 56 so that the time that
the switch contacts 38 and 40 are closed is roughly equal to the
time that they are open.
Reference is now made to FIG. 5, which shows a hank counter 60
which provides especially convenient rotating members in its dials
for carrying the magnetic material which causes the reed or other
switch 62 to be alternately opened and closed. In this embodiment,
the dial 64 on the hank counter 60 carries pieces of magnetized
material in the same way as shown in FIG. 4. Similarly, the reed
switch 62 mounted adjacent dial 64 alternately opens and closes as
these pieces of magnetized material rotate with the dial 64 to and
away from switch 62. Electrical wires 68 and 70 are connected to a
recorder or computer in the same manner as described, for example,
in FIG. 3, so that the polling of the switch 62 to determine
whether it is in an open or closed position can be easily
accomplished.
Similarly, the dial 64 rotates at a geared down speed which is much
less than the speed of the textile part with which it is
associated. Ordinarily, the hank counter clock 60 is mechanically
connected to the roll which feeds raw material to the textile
machine, and since such a roll usually rotates at about 190 r.p.m.
and the dial 64 usually rotates at a geared down speed ratio of
about 850-1, the dial 64 makes a complete rotation about every 41/2
minutes. Thus by employing five magnets, a change in status takes
place about every 0.9 minute and the switch must be polled at
intervals of less than 0.9 minute.
The above-discussed embodiments represent only examples of the
invention and are not intended to exhaust the possible
modifications and changes which can be made without departing from
the spirit of the invention. Accordingly, the scope of this
invention is intended to be limited only by the scope of the
appended claims.
* * * * *