U.S. patent number 3,628,296 [Application Number 04/854,637] was granted by the patent office on 1971-12-21 for breakaway sign support.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Unistrut Corporation. Invention is credited to Herbert J. Henry.
United States Patent |
3,628,296 |
Henry |
December 21, 1971 |
**Please see images for:
( Certificate of Correction ) ** |
BREAKAWAY SIGN SUPPORT
Abstract
A structural sign support assembly composed of a plurality of
telescopically assembled, perforated tubular members comprising a
ground anchor, a reinforcing sleeve and a post member in which the
longitudinally perforated tubular ground anchor, whose upper
surface is substantially flush with the ground surface or the
concrete or asphalt topping alongside a roadway, has its upper
portion encompassed by a larger close-fitting longitudinally
perforated tubular reinforcing sleeve for rigidity and added
strength at a surface level breakaway point. A longitudinally
perforated tubular sign support post is telescopically retained
within the ground anchor and secured by a bolt member or members
extending through aligned perforations of the post, the ground
anchor and the reinforcing sleeve. The perforations of the post at
or immediately above the top surface of the ground anchor and its
supporting sleeve provide a relatively weak breakaway section so
that the post will break off on impact from a vehicle or the like
above the ground surface without damaging the reinforcing sleeve
and the tubular ground anchor with the lower end of the standard or
post remaining therein. The post can thereafter be easily removed
from the ground anchor which remains in the concrete or soil of the
ground for replacement with a new post.
Inventors: |
Henry; Herbert J. (Dearborn
Heights, MI) |
Assignee: |
Unistrut Corporation (Wayne,
MI)
|
Family
ID: |
25319217 |
Appl.
No.: |
04/854,637 |
Filed: |
September 2, 1969 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
52/98; 52/298;
248/188.5; 40/610 |
Current CPC
Class: |
E01F
9/635 (20160201) |
Current International
Class: |
E01F
9/018 (20060101); E01F 9/011 (20060101); E04h
012/32 () |
Field of
Search: |
;52/98,298,296,726,40,28,170,741 ;94/1.5 ;40/125 ;248/188.5 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Other References
Telespar Advertisement from booklet "Why Telespar Traffic
Supports," Copyright 1963 by Unistrut Corporation, Wayne, Michigan,
pages 2 and 12.
|
Primary Examiner: Faw, Jr.; Price C.
Claims
I claim:
1. A composite structural post assembly comprising:
a first tubular member,
a second tubular member telescopically surrounding said first
tubular member,
a third tubular member telescopically inserted within said first
tubular member and extending therefrom a substantial distance in
upright position,
said first and said second tubular members being disposed
longitudinally relative to each other such that their upper end
surfaces are disposed in a common plane,
means for rigidly securing said first, said second and said third
tubular members together to prevent longitudinal movement relative
to each other, and
said third tubular member being provided with means comprising a
weakened cross section at a point just above said coplanar upper
end surfaces of said first and said second tubular members to
thereby permit the extended portion of said third tubular member to
sever along a line substantially parallel to said coplanar upper
end surfaces of said first and said second tubular member upon the
application of a force thereto in a direction normal to the
longitudinal axis of said third tubular member.
2. The composite structural post assembly as defined in claim 1, in
which said first, second and third tubular members are provided
with longitudinally spaced perforations adapted to be selectively
axially aligned upon assembly to be in a coplanar relation with
each other.
3. The composite structural post assembly as defined in claim 2, in
which said perforations in said third tubular member comprise said
weakened cross section portions.
4. The composite structural post assembly as defined in claim 2, in
which said means rigidly securing said tubular members together
comprises a nut and bolt assembly for extension through said
axially aligned perforations immediately below said upper end
surfaces of said first and said second tubular member.
5. The composite structural post assembly as defined in claim 4, in
which said first, second and third tubular members are of polygonal
cross section.
6. The composite structural post assembly as defined in claim 5, in
which said nut and bolt assembly comprises an angle bolt adapted
for securing extension through a group of aligned perforations
disposed diagonally from each other at two connecting sides of said
polygonal tubular members.
7. The composite structural post assembly as defined in claim 1, in
which said first tubular member is rigidly supported within the
ground, and said second tubular member comprising a reinforcing
sleeve surrounding the upper portion of said first tubular member
within said ground.
8. The composite structural post assembly as defined in claim 7, in
which said ground is provided with a blacktop surface.
9. The composite structural post assembly as defined in claim 7, in
which said ground is provided with a concrete surface.
10. The composite structural post assembly as defined in claim 9,
in which said concrete surface is recessed around a portion of said
reinforcing sleeve to facilitate insertion and fastening of said
securing means so as to be disposed just below the top of said
concrete surface.
11. A method of assembly and erecting a structural breakaway post
member composed of a plurality of perforated tubular members, said
method comprising:
driving a first perforated tubular support member of predetermined
length into a ground for rigid support therein to a distance
leaving a small portion thereof protruding above the surface of
said ground,
telescopically inserting a perforated tubular-reinforcing sleeve
member over said protruding portion of said first tubular
member,
driving said first tubular support member and said reinforcing
sleeve member simultaneously further into said ground such that the
upper end surfaces of said tubular support member and said
reinforcing sleeve member will be flush with each other within a
common plane,
telescopically inserting a perforated tubular post member of
substantial length within said tubular support member for upright
support thereby,
axially aligning a group of said perforations of said tubular
support member, said tubular sleeve member and said tubular post
member and securing all of said three members to each other by bolt
means extending through a selected group of aligned perforations at
a point immediately adjacent said surface of said ground,
permitting said tubular post member to be severed at the occasion
of an impact force thereagainst along a line immediately above said
coplanar upper end surfaces of said tubular support member and said
sleeve member.
12. In the method of assembly as defined in claim 11 in which said
perforated tubular members are of polygonal cross section,
providing a plurality of longitudinal spaced perforations along all
sides of said tubular polygonal members, the further step
comprising: inserting said bolt means through a group of aligned
perforations diagonally disposed on two immediately adjacent sides
of said polygonal tubular members.
13. In the method of assembly as defined in claim 11 the further
steps comprising:
providing said ground with a substantially solid load-carrying
surface,
breaking a hole through said solid surface substantially
corresponding to the cross-sectional diameter of said reinforcing
sleeve,
driving said tubular support member and its associated reinforcing
sleeve simultaneously through said hole for penetration of said
tubular support member into said ground below said solid
surface,
aligning the upper ends of the said tubular support member and said
reinforcing sleeve with each other and with the top of said solid
surface to be coplanar with each other,
providing a shallow recess within said solid surface encompassing
at least two sides of said polygonal-reinforcing sleeve,
inserting said perforated post member within said tubular support
member,
aligning a selected group of perforations of said tubular members
with each other and
inserting a fastening means comprising an angle bolt through
aligned perforations diagonally disposed opposite from each other
at said two sides encompassed by said shallow recess in said solid
surface so as to be immediately below said coplanar upper ends of
said hollow support member, said reinforcing sleeve and said top of
said solid surface.
14. A breakaway sign post structure comprising:
a first elongated hollow member, rigidly supported within the
ground substantially along its entire length,
a second elongated member telescopically inserted within said first
member for upright extension above the surface of said ground,
means to longitudinally adjustably secure said second member to
said first member at a point immediately adjacent said ground
surface to prevent longitudinal movement relative to each
other,
said second member having a plurality of longitudinally spaced
portions of weakened cross sections disposed therealong such that
one of said portions of said weakened cross section will always be
disposed in assembly immediately above said securing means at any
longitudinally adjusted position of said second member relative to
said first member to permit the portion of said second member
extending above the said ground surface to sever at said one of
said portions of weakened cross sections nearest said securing
means upon the application thereagainst of an impact force of
predetermined magnitude,
a third elongated hollow member comprising a reinforcing sleeve
adapted to surround the upper portion of said first hollow member
within said ground,
said reinforcing sleeve being provided with a plurality of
perforations for extension of said securing means therethrough to
secure said first, said second and said third members together,
the top ends of said first hollow member and said reinforcing
sleeve being disposed in coplanar relationship relative to each
other, and the portion of said second elongated member extending in
upright position above said ground surface being adapted to be
severed immediately adjacent said coplanar aligned top ends of said
first hollow member and said reinforcing sleeve upon the
application thereagainst of said impact force.
15. A breakaway sign post structure comprising:
a first elongated hollow member, rigidly supported within the
ground substantially along its entire length and having means
reinforcing a portion of its upper end substantially at the ground
surface,
a second elongated member telescopically inserted within said first
member for upright extension above the surface of said ground,
means to longitudinally adjustably secure said second member to the
reinforced portion of said first member at a point immediately
adjacent said ground surface to prevent longitudinal movement
relative to each other,
said second member having a plurality of longitudinally spaced
portions of weakened cross sections spaced therealong such that one
of said portions of said weakened cross sections will always be
disposed in assembly immediately above said securing means at any
longitudinally adjusted position of said second member relative to
said first member to permit the portion of said second member
extending above said ground surface to sever at one of said
portions of weakened cross sections nearest said securing means
upon the application thereagainst of an impact force of
predetermined magnitude.
said reinforcing means including the surface of a roadway shoulder
portion, said hollow member being imbedded therein,
said surface of said shoulder portion being provided with a
concrete base having a recess around at least a portion of said
securing means to facilitate the assembly thereof.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention refers in general to sign support post
constructions used alongside roadways and highways, and more in
particular to a structural assembly adapted to break and fall over
readily when struck by a vehicle or the like.
2. Description of the Prior Art
The following related prior art is herewith made of record; U.S.
Pat. No. 772,928 to W. T. Dunlap, Metallic Base for Posts; U.S.
Pat. No. 1,307,655 to W. H. Brown, Collapsible Sign and Lighting
Post; U.S. Pat. No. 1,499,445 to G. S. Clay, Lamp Post; U.S. Pat.
No. 3,308,584 to W. T. Graham, Highway Guide Post; U.S. Pat. No.
3,349,531 to G. H. Watson, Frangible Connector Assembly for
Stanchions, Poles and Standards; U.S. Pat. No. 3,355,998 to A. V.
Roemisch, Highway Marker Device; and U.S. Pat. No. 3,381,427 to G.
H. Watson, Frangible and Expandible Assembly for Parking Meter
Supports, Stanchions, Poles and Posts.
It is well known that sign support posts are erected at various
points alongside a roadway and adapted to carry signs, markers,
warning lights, reflectors, or like signals for the motorist using
the roadway. Temporary sign standards or posts are often driven
into the ground along the shoulders of the roadway for easy removal
and replacement, however, permanent standards or posts along the
roadway are usually set in a concrete post hole for rigid support
of the standard or post. Very frequently, vehicles traveling along
the roadway collide with the sign support post at various speeds.
Depending on the force of impact and the rigidity of the
construction of the post, and depending on the material being used
for the post, whether it be a metal of substantially solid cross
section, tubular or channel type, the impact force of the vehicle
will either bend the post to a substantial degree or knock it down
completely. In either of these cases, the degree of damage to the
automobile, as well as to the post, in most cases is very
considerable and may also result in serious injuries to the driver
or the occupants of the vehicle, either due to resistance to the
impact or in bending or breaking toward the impacting vehicle. In
some instances, the inherent flexibility of the post will permit it
to bend only to a certain degree and will then deflect against the
impacting vehicle with the result of secondary damage by the
back-bouncing vehicle hitting some other object on the roadway.
Permanent sign support posts are often rigidly anchored in the
ground along the shoulder of the roadway and when struck by a
vehicle will break off at a relatively high distance above the
ground surface such that the portion of the post thereafter
protruding from the ground causes additional serious damage to the
under carriage of the vehicle traveling over it. Furthermore, the
portion of the standard or post remaining in the ground and
protruding therefrom a considerable distance above it will be a
serious hazard liable to cause further damage or injuries. In
conventional sign support post constructions, after having been
knocked over the in-ground anchor portion of the standard or post
must be dug out of the ground for replacement with a completely new
anchor and sign support post structure, which, as is readily
apparent, is time consuming and expensive.
Breakaway sign support posts are known, as exemplified by some of
the above listed prior art, and are intended to provide a safety
feature to prevent or lessen damage to the colliding vehicle and
serious injuries to its occupants.
Generally, these known structures include a rigid base support for
a post which is anchored in or on the ground and to which the
aboveground portion of the post is removably attached, providing a
weakened connection portion of dissimilar material or the like
between the main portion of the post and the rigid ground base or
anchor so as to break the post from the base upon impact at a
certain magnitude of force. In these structures, however, the
assembly of the posts are difficult and the ground base or anchor
after severing of the post may be damaged to such an extent as not
to be reusable, and thus would have to be dug out of the ground for
replacement.
Other known breakaway sign support posts utilize shear pins or
breakable clips to attach the aboveground portion of the post to
the in-ground anchor base. In these instances, the holes for the
shear pins or the bolts for the clips upon breakage on impact will
be severely damaged so as to need refinishing on the spot, which is
difficult to accomplish and costly. In all of these known
structures, there is also present a dangerous possibility that the
knocked off standard or post upon high speed impact will be
completely severed from the base support and will be thrown upward
and back onto the vehicle or upward and forward into the path of
the moving vehicle causing additional serious damage to the vehicle
and injury to its occupants. This is particularly true in cases in
which the center of the mass of the standard or post, defined by
the position of the sign or marker supported by the post, is
relatively high above the point of the impact.
It has furthermore been proposed to provide a frangible post
connection between the main portion of the post and the ground base
comprised of a weakened cross section and a resilient insert held
together within the tubular post by a relatively strong bolt,
which, however, is pliable to bend on impact without breaking.
Thus, as the upper portion of the post is hit by a moving object,
the weakened portion of the post collapses and the post bends over
in the direction of impact. However, complete severance of the post
is prevented by the bendable anchor bolt which at the same time
limits the degree at which the post will be displaced from its
vertical position, thus virtually still remaining in the path of
the traveling vehicle which hit the post and thereby liable to
inflict severe damage to the vehicle and possible injuries to the
occupants of the vehicle.
By means of the present invention, an improved construction and
method for assembly of a breakaway sign support post has been
provided, adapted to be severed under impact at a certain magnitude
of force in such a manner as to avoid and largely eliminate the
above referred to disadvantages of devices shown in the prior
art.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present improved sign support structure comprises a telescopic
arrangement of a plurality of perforated tubular members, including
a primary perforated tubular ground anchor member which is driven
into the ground adjacent the roadway to a suitable depth which may
vary according to the type of soil and length of the tubular
support member. The upper portion of the tubular anchor member is
provided with a reinforcing tubular anchor sleeve telescopically
arranged around it and which is likewise perforated. The primary
aboveground portion of the post is likewise of tubular perforated
construction and is telescopically inserted into the tubular ground
anchor member a distance suiting the required height of the sign,
and all three tubular members are then securely attached to each
other by bolt means extending through aligned perforations of the
tubular members immediately at or slightly below the ground
surface.
In one embodiment, the upper layer of the ground surface may
comprise a concrete foundation or a layer of blacktop, such as is
often found along the highway shoulders. In this instance, the
outer tubular reinforcing sleeve will be the only member of the
ground support or anchor which is positioned in the concrete, such
that the upper ends of the sleeve, as well as the inner tubular
ground support, are substantially flush with the surface of the
concrete or blacktop. The concrete is recessed around the upper
ends of the ground support anchor members a distance to clear
aligned perforations for the extension of the attaching bolts
therethrough, which thus will be just below the surface of the
concrete. After insertion and securement of the aboveground main
portion of the post, if that post is subjected to an impact force,
the post will break away substantially immediately above the ground
surface and fold over to lie flat on the ground, the perforations
in the post providing a weak section for easy severance of the post
from the tubular ground support anchor member without leaving any
appreciable portion of the post or ground anchor standing above the
ground, which otherwise could be seriously damaging to the vehicle
traveling thereover.
In another embodiment of the invention, the composite standard or
post structure is set into a normal compacted ground provided
alongside a roadway and in this instance the tubular ground support
anchor member together with its upper reinforcing sleeve extends
slightly above the ground surface in order to attach the securing
bolt for the aboveground post member. When the post member is
severed by impact, it will break away at the bolt connection
because of the weakened perforations, leaving only a small portion
of the base support protruding above the ground which is not
sufficient to further damage the vehicle traveling across it, or
otherwise constitute a hazard.
In either embodiment, as will be more fully described hereinafter,
the in-ground base support anchor members will remain completely
intact and can be immediately reused after removal of the lower
portion of the severed standard or post from the tubular base
support anchor.
The invention will be more clearly understood by reference to the
following detailed description of several preferred embodiments
thereof.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The accompanying drawings illustrate the preferred embodiments
forming part of the detailed description in which like reference
numerals refer to like parts throughout the several views and in
which:
FIG. 1 is a cross section view through a portion of the ground
alongside a roadway having a concrete or blacktop surface layer and
showing the improved composite sign standard or post structure in
assembled position therein;
FIG. 2 is a perspective top view cross section of the improved post
and base support anchor structure shown in FIG. 1 as seen along
line 2-2 thereof;
FIG. 3 shows the improved composite post structure illustrated in
FIG. 1 in a position of severance from the base support anchor
immediately after impact;
FIG. 4 is a cross section similar to FIG. 1 illustrating a ground
alongside a roadway without a concrete or blacktop topping;
FIG. 5 is a view similar to FIG. 3 showing the improved composite
post structure in a position of severance from the base support
anchor immediately after impact;
FIG. 6 is a perspective view illustrating the complete severance of
the aboveground post member from the base support anchor lying flat
on the ground similar to the ground illustrated in FIGS. 4 and 5
without a concrete topping; and
FIGS. 7-11 are perspective illustrations of several modified
embodiments of splicing connections between several perforated
telescoping tubular post members used for the repair of salvaged
post sections after the post has been knocked over by impact.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
With reference to FIGS. 1-3, the portion of a ground section is
illustrated at 20, which upper surface is provided with a concrete
or blacktop layer 22 to provide a more level, load carrying and
wear- and weather-resisting surface than normally provided by an
untreated ground surface.
A tubular polygonal relatively long post anchor member 24 is
inserted through the blacktop or concrete layer 22 and rammed into
the ground 20 and positioned such that the top end 26 of the post
anchor member 24 will be substantially level with the surface 23 of
the concrete or blacktop. As will be noted, all sides of the
tubular polygonal post anchor member 24 are provided with a
plurality of longitudinally aligned apertures or perforations 28
which, obviously, aid in rigidly retaining the post anchor within
the ground 20 by means that the mass of the ground outside and
inside of the tubular post anchor member interlocks with the
perforations.
The upper end of the anchor member 24 within the concrete or
blacktop layer 22 is provided with a tubular reinforcing sleeve 30,
which is of the same polygonal cross section and of slightly larger
diameter so as to be pushed over the upper end 26 of the post
anchor member 24. As illustrated, all of the sides of the tubular
reinforcing sleeve 30 are similarly provided with a plurality of
perforations 32, which are preferably spaced longitudinally at an
equal distance with the perforations 28 of the tubular anchor
member 24 and in assembly the reinforcing sleeve is disposed on the
anchor member such that its upper end will be flush with the upper
end of the anchor member and with the surface of the blacktop or
concrete layer as shown, and in this position the perforations 32
of the reinforcing sleeve 30 will be axially aligned with
corresponding perforations 28 of the post anchor member 24. As
further shown, the reinforcing sleeve 30 is of an axial length
substantially corresponding or only slightly longer than the
thickness of the blacktop or concrete layer 22, whereas a
substantial portion of the anchor member 24 extends deeper into the
ground 20 for the reception of the aboveground tubular standard or
post portion 34, which is of smaller cross-sectional dimension than
the tubular anchor member 24 to be telescopically inserted therein
for rigid vertical support of the post.
The above ground standard or post portion 34 is likewise of tubular
construction, having a polygonal cross section corresponding to the
cross section of the anchor member 24 and reinforcing sleeve 30,
and is similarly provided at all sides with a plurality of
perforations 36 spaced along the post in even distances
corresponding to the spacing of the perforations 28 and 32 so that
in assembly any group of perforations 28, 32 and 36 may be
selectively aligned. The upper end (not shown) of the aboveground
post member 34 is adapted, as known per se, to carry a sign,
marker, bracket or the like (not shown), which can be securely
attached to the post member 34 in any selected height position and
to any side thereof by means of the perforations 36. For support,
the aboveground post member 34 is inserted into the long tubular
post anchor 24 to a certain selected depth determined by the length
of the post member, the weight and size of the member supported by
the post member and the desired height of the supported member,
such as a road sign, marker or the like. Obviously, if relatively
large, flat road signs are to be supported on the post member 34,
the post will be inserted deeper into the tubular ground anchor 24
for maximum rigidity to provide sufficient wind resistance support
for the sign or marker. The telescoping tubular members 24, 30 and
34 are preferably all of the polygonal cross section to prevent
even any slight rotation relative to each other.
As shown in FIGS. 1-3 and more in detail in FIG. 2, the telescoped
tubular post member 34 is securely attached within the composite
ground anchor structure composed of the anchor member 24 and
reinforcement sleeve 30 by means of an angle bolt 38 extending
through aligned perforations of all three tubular members, 24, 30
and 34. As more clearly seen in FIG. 2, the bolt 38 is formed to
provide portions disposed at substantially right angles to each
other and which is provided at one end with an enlarged head
portion 40 and at the opposite end with screw threads 42 for the
receipt of a lock nut 44. The anchor bolt 38 is inserted through
aligned diagonally disposed perforations across an inner corner of
the tubular members 24, 30 and 34, and then tightened by the nut 44
for maximum rigid connection of the members. This bolt securing
arrangement is preferred over a straight through bolt connection
since the areas adjacent the corners of tubular polygonal members
provide maximum resistance to lateral stresses so that crushing or
collapsing of the sides of the tubular members upon tightening of
the nut 44 is effectively prevented. If desired, two anchor bolts
38 may be used at opposite diagonal corners, however, in most
applications one bolt will be sufficient. The particular bolt
structure 38 and its mode of application in structural assemblies
of this type is disclosed and more fully described in U.S. Pat. No.
3,295,873 to W. R. Atwood for "Fastener Element" and forms no part
of the present invention.
The improved composite sign structure of FIGS. 1-3 is erected
alongside the roadway as follows: The longer tubular anchor member
24 is first driven into the ground 20. If only a blacktop surface
is provided alongside the roadway, the anchor member 24 can be
driven directly through the blacktop 22 into the ground 20 without
having to drill a hole first, and is then driven flush with the
upper surface of the blacktop. Hereafter, the reinforcing sleeve
30, of shorter length, is driven over the anchor member 24 and
likewise flush with the ground surface. The provision of the
reinforcing sleeve increases the tubular wall thickness of the
tubular base anchor structure immediately below the ground surface
and to a certain depth thereof to insure sufficient resistance
against bending. If the two ground anchor members 24 and 30 are
installed by the driving method, the long anchor member is driven
into the ground first to a depth so as to let the upper portion
extend from approximately 1 to 2 inches above the ground surface.
The reinforcing sleeve 30 is then pushed over the protruding
portion of the longer anchor member 24, whereafter both members are
driven together into the ground until their top surfaces are flush
with the top surface of the ground. Driving both members
simultaneously reduces friction on the long anchor member 24 caused
by the dirt or rock formations within the ground. The anchor member
24 and reinforcing sleeve 30 are precut such that the uppermost
perforations are aligned with each other and are just below the
ground surface.
If the shoulder alongside the roadway on which the sign post is to
be erected is already provided with a concrete bed, it will be
necessary to break a hole in the concrete in order to drive the
anchor members 24 into the ground, which thereafter can be refilled
with concrete. Conversely, the composite tubular anchor members 24
can be driven into the ground first, as described above, letting
them extend above the ground a distance of from 4 to 6 inches for
the preparation of a concrete bed around the composite post anchor,
which is then leveled off to be flush with the top surfaces of the
longitudinally aligned anchor member 24 and reinforcing sleeve
30.
In either instance, where a concrete or blacktop bed is being used,
a recess 46 is provided along two sides of the tubular anchor
structure, as particularly seen in FIG. 2, to provide a clearance
for the fastening bolt 38 through the uppermost aligned
perforations of the anchor member 24 and reinforcing sleeve 30. The
two-sided recess 46 is preferably disposed along the sides most
likely to be struck by a moving object to permit maximum rigid
support around the upper portions of the anchor members at the
opposite side of impact to provide maximum absorption of the
reaction forces and thus prevent damage or displacement of the
anchor members 24 upon impact against the post member 34.
The post member 34 is then inserted within the long anchor member
24 a distance suitable for the particular sign installation and any
selected perforations 36 of the post member 34 are then being
aligned with the uppermost aligned perforations of the anchor
member 24 and reinforcing sleeve 30 for insertion of the anchor
bolt 38 therethrough by means of the recess 46 provided in the
concrete or blacktop bed. The structure is then secured by
tightening of the nut 44 on the anchor bolt 38.
With particular reference to FIG. 3, at the moment of impact, in
the direction indicated by the arrow, by a moving object such as a
vehicle at a certain magnitude of force against the aboveground
standard or post member 34, it will be seen that the aboveground
post member 34 will break away immediately above the blacktop or
concrete ground surface 23 because of the weakened cross section
provided by the perforations 36. It will be noted that, if the
composite post structure is erected in the manner aforedescribed,
the aboveground portion of the post member 34 will first break and
sever from the in-ground anchor base structure 24, 30 at the side
of the bolt recess in the concrete or blacktop layer 22 and be
moved over to the opposite side of impact at which side the upper
portion of the composite in-ground anchor base structure is
supported solidly against the concrete or blacktop layer, thereby
preventing any displacement or damage of the upper portion of the
composite in-ground anchor structure. The momentum of the moving
object after impact against the post 34, in the direction of the
arrow, causes the aboveground portion of the standard or post
member 34 to topple over completely, to lie flat on the ground so
as not to cause any further additional damage to the moving object
running over it. In most instances, on impact in the direction of
the arrow the aboveground portion of the standard or post 34 will
remain attached at one side to its lower portion 35 retained within
the post anchor structure at the side opposite the side of impact,
which at the time of repair can easily be cut off. The aboveground
portion of the standard or post 34 at the actual point of impact
caused, for instance, by the bumper of a vehicle may also break or
snap at that particular point due to the weakened cross sections of
the perforations of the post lying in a common plane, which will
give way on impact due to the rigid securement of the post within
the in-ground base structure and the weight of the supported member
atop the standard or post, which causes a reaction force in
opposite directions. The severed sections of the post or standard
can be salvaged for reuse, as described later on.
As particularly noted in FIG. 3, the lower portion 35 of the post
34 after the aboveground portion of the post has been sheared off
by an impact force protrudes only a small distance above the ground
surface 23, which in no way causes additional damage to the vehicle
or other object traveling across it. It will further be noted in
FIG. 3 that the composite anchor base structure formed by the
relatively long post anchor 24 and the upper reinforcing sleeve 30
remains completely uneffected and undamaged so that magnitude,
replacement of the sign post 34 it will only be necessary to remove
the bolt 38 and then pull the remaining lower portion 35 of the
severed post 34 out of the long post anchor 24 for replacement with
a new or repaired post or standard which can be done at a minimum
of time and expanse. The primary feature, therefore, is the
undamaged retainment of the structural in-ground anchor base
composed of the relatively long post anchor 24 and the reinforcing
upper sleeve member 30, which can always be reused again without
any refinishing, aligning, straightening or other mechanical work
to be done on the spot.
The embodiment in FIGS. 4-6 illustrates a sign post or standard
installation within an untreated ground 20, without any leveling or
load supporting surfacing normally found along secondary roadways.
The composite ground support anchor structure is of the same
construction as that shown in FIGS. 1-3 composed of a relatively
long tubular post support anchor member 24, provided with a similar
reinforcing sleeve 30 telescopically installed over its upper ends
and positioned such that their top surfaces are flush with each
other. Both members are of similar polygonal cross section and
provided with pluralities of perforations 28 and 32.
To install the in-ground anchor base structure into the ground 20,
the long tubular post anchor 24 is first driven into the ground to
a depth depending on the length of the anchor member and the soil
condition, and to such an extent as to leave a short section
protrude from the ground surface 23 sufficiently to expose the
uppermost perforations. Hereafter, the reinforcing sleeve 30 of
substantially lesser length than the tubular post anchor member 24
is driven into the ground over the upper portion of the post anchor
in telescoping relationship and to such extent as to align the top
of the sleeve flush with the top of the post anchor and thereby
likewise provide axial alignment of the uppermost sleeve
perforations 32 with the uppermost perforations 28 of the post
anchor 24. Thus, when no concrete or blacktop bed is provided, the
upper portion of the composite in-ground anchor base structure
extends a distance of approximately 3 to 5 inches above the ground
surface or just enough to facilitate the insertion of the angle
bolt 38 through the aligned perforations for securement of the sign
post 34, which, in similar fashion, is inserted for rigid vertical
support within the long tubular post anchor 24. A group of selected
perforations 36 are then brought in alignment with the already
aligned perforations 28 and 32 of the base structure to receive the
angle bolt 38, which is of similar construction as that shown in
FIG. 2, for secure fastening of the sign post 34 to the post anchor
24 and reinforcing sleeve 30 diagonally across an inner corner of
the tubular polygonal members, as previously described in
connection with FIGS. 1-3, which is then tightened by the nut
44.
With particular reference to FIGS. 5 and 6, upon the causation of
an impact force against the post member 34 in the direction of the
arrow in FIG. 5, the sign post 34 snaps or breaks off immediately
above the planar aligned top surfaces of the post anchor 24 and
associated reinforcing sleeve 30, as shown. The reinforcing sleeve
30 provides the sufficient wall thickness and material strength at
the critical bending area or breakaway point to allow the sign post
34 to break off substantially clean at the top of the composite
anchor structure without any damage or displacement to the portion
of the anchor structure protruding a small distance above the
ground. Under force of the impact, as seen in FIGS. 5 and 6, the
enlarged head portion 40 of the angle bolt 38 will be sheared off
as the sign post 34 is forcibly moved from its vertical position.
As the momentum of the striking object, such as a vehicle,
continues, the severed sign post 34 falls flat to the ground, as
illustrated in FIG. 6, and will cause no further damage to the
vehicle moving across it. Although a portion of the in-ground
anchor base protrudes from the ground surface, its height dimension
is not sufficient to cause any damage to the under carriage of the
vehicle as it travels across it.
To replace the severed sign post 34, the remaining portion 35 of
the post, which is retained within the tubular post anchor 24, can
be easily removed from the composite anchor base structure,
together with the sheared off angle bolt 38, and a new or repaired
sign post can be immediately installed therein to be attached by a
new angle bolt 38. A new angle bolt 38 will be the only additional
replacement needed over the embodiment as illustrated in FIGS.
1-3.
FIGS. 7-11 illustrate various modes of splicing of a tubular post
member 34 to increase its length, or, more appropriately, to
reinforce the post member at certain points along its length. These
various methods of splicing can also be advantageously used in
connection with the salvaged sections of the severed post member 34
after it has been broken off from its in-ground base connection in
the manner described in the foregoing description of FIGS. 1-6.
From that description, it is apparent that the post member 34 upon
impact by a moving object, such as a vehicle, will be severed or
broken at two points along its length, namely: at the point of
impact, as for instance caused by the bumper of a vehicle, a
distance above the ground, and further at a point immediately above
the ground or above the planar aligned top surface of the
reinforced in-ground anchor member. Thus, under normal impact
conditions, the post member 34 will be broken into three sections:
the upper section carrying the sign, marker or the like (not
shown); an intermediate section between the actual point of impact
and the ground anchor; and a lower section 35 of the post which
remains within the tubular anchor member 24, and, as described,
remains substantially undisturbed within the anchor member. In most
cases, all of these three sections of the severed post member 34
can be salvaged and reused by cutting off and squaring the broken
and damaged ends of the salvaged post sections and then splicing
the several post sections together by methods such as illustrated
in FIGS. 7-11 to thereby obtain a new post of appropriate length to
be reused with the undamaged in-ground anchor structure 24, 30.
In FIG. 7, a salvaged post section 34a having its broken ends cut
off square, as shown, is provided with a pair of splicing sleeves
50, 52 of identical polygonal cross section but slightly larger
diameter to be pushed over the ends of the salvaged post section
34a, to which they are then securely attached by means of the angle
bolts 38 through selected aligned perforations 54 of the splicing
sleeves and the perforations 36 of the severed post section in a
manner as previously described.
In FIG. 8, a method is illustrated to splice together two sections
of salvaged squared-off post sections 34a, 34b and 34c together by
means of an intermediate splicing sleeve 56 similarly attached
thereto through the perforations 58 by an angle bolt 38.
The splicing method illustrated in FIG. 9 is similar to that shown
in FIG. 8. However, in this instance the salvaged squared-off post
sections 34d and 34e abut with their inner ends within the splicing
sleeve 56 if the salvaged sections are still of sufficient length,
or, alternately, if another post section is to be attached by a
second splicing sleeve over the sufficiently outwardly protruding
ends of one or both of the post sections 34d or 34e.
The method of splicing in FIG. 10 is a reverse arrangement from
that of FIG. 9 in which an internal intermediate splicing tube 60
of smaller diameter is provided for insertion within the abutting
squared ends of the salvaged post sections 34f and 34g to be
spliced together and secured by means of an angle bolt 38 through
aligned perforations 36 of the post sections and perforations 62 of
the internal splicing member 60.
The splicing embodiment in FIG. 11 is substantially identical to
that shown in FIG. 7, with the exception that only one splicing
sleeve 64 is being shown attached by angle bolt 38 to one end of a
salvaged post section 34h.
It will be seen that these and similar relatively simple splicing
methods enable all of the salvaged broken sections of the post
member 34 to be economically reused by cutting and squaring off the
broken ends and then splicing them together using the same angle
bolts and telescoping tubular members as in the original structure,
thereby considerably reducing costs, inventory and scrap.
From the foregoing description, it will be apparent that a novel
structural post member and improved method of erection and repair
has been provided using identical perforated tubular members cut to
any desired length and similar bolt attachment means applicable to
the various embodiments of the post structure or for the splicing
of salvaged broken post sections. Due to the provision of a
plurality of perforations along the entire lengths of the tubular
members, the weight of the structural members are considerably
reduced and permit the members to be longitudinally adjustably
attached to each other and, in addition, provide a weakened cross
section in the plane of the perforations so as to be easily severed
at impact without bending or otherwise distorting the severed post
sections, so that they can be salvaged and reused.
The polygonal tubular members used in the erection of the improved
post structure herein disclosed are preferably made in accordance
with the disclosures in U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,266,051 and 3,437,779,
both in the name of C. W. Atwood, to which further reference may be
had.
The present novel structural post member and improved method of
erection provides a safe, breakaway sign or marker support by the
provision of a solid reinforced tubular ground anchor receiving the
tubular post member and attached thereto in such manner that upon
impact the post member will be severed immediately above the top
surface of the ground anchor without damaging or displacing the
ground anchor itself, and will also be broken at the actual point
of impact against the post member caused by the bumper or other
protruding portion of a vehicle, causing the post member to be
toppled flat onto the ground to allow the vehicle to safely pass
thereover. By the very nature and improved erection method of the
perforated tubular post members, the impact damage to the vehicle
when striking the post is negligible and, in most instances, will
be nothing more than a slight dent in the bumper of the vehicle.
The serious hazard inherent in conventional post members when
struck by a vehicle and completely severed to thereby be thrown by
the impact onto the vehicle has been eliminated completely by the
present novel post structure.
The present invention may be embodied in certain other forms
without departing from the spirit and essential characteristic
thereof, therefore, the present embodiments are to be considered in
all respects as illustrative only and not restrictive, the scope of
the invention being indicated by the appended claims rather than by
the foregoing description.
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