U.S. patent number 3,628,271 [Application Number 04/862,815] was granted by the patent office on 1971-12-21 for fluorescent marking.
This patent grant is currently assigned to H-C Industries, Inc.. Invention is credited to Lelah A. Carrell, Richard W. Morris.
United States Patent |
3,628,271 |
Carrell , et al. |
December 21, 1971 |
FLUORESCENT MARKING
Abstract
Container caps or containers having a varnish outer coating, or
other resinous outer surface, are coded by marking indicia thereon
with a fluorescent ink made of a fluorescent brightening agent in
an organic solvent but having no resinous vehicle. The solvent
softens the varnish and the fluorescent brightening agent
penetrates into the varnish layer to remain therein after the
solvent is dried off and is brought to view when desired by
exposure to ultraviolet light.
Inventors: |
Carrell; Lelah A.
(Crawfordsville, IN), Morris; Richard W. (Crawfordsville,
IN) |
Assignee: |
H-C Industries, Inc.
(N/A)
|
Family
ID: |
25339438 |
Appl.
No.: |
04/862,815 |
Filed: |
September 26, 1969 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
40/311;
283/92 |
Current CPC
Class: |
G09F
3/00 (20130101); B65D 51/245 (20130101); B44F
1/10 (20130101); B65D 41/12 (20130101); Y02W
90/11 (20150501); Y02W 90/10 (20150501) |
Current International
Class: |
B44F
1/00 (20060101); B44F 1/10 (20060101); B65D
41/12 (20060101); B65D 41/02 (20060101); B65D
51/24 (20060101); G09F 3/00 (20060101); G09f
003/00 () |
Field of
Search: |
;40/311,134,2.2
;117/1,1.7 ;283/6,7 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Grieb; Wm. H.
Claims
We claim:
1. A coded article comprising a body having a resinous outer
surface and a normally invisible fluorescent dye incorporated
within said surface in certain selected areas to comprise indicia
visible in response to ultraviolet light.
2. The article of claim 1 wherein said outer surface comprises an
adherent coating layer.
3. A coded container cap comprising a rigid body adapted to be
attached to an open container as a closure therefor, said cap
having on an outer surface an adherent, resinous coating layer and
a normally invisible fluorescent dye incorporated within said layer
in certain selected areas to comprise indicia visible in response
to ultraviolet light.
4. The coded cap of claim 3 wherein said container is a glass
beverage container and said cap is a crown closure therefor.
5. The coded cap of claim 3 wherein said adherent coating on said
outer surface overlays an intermediate pigmented coating containing
normally visible indicia.
6. The coded cap of claim 3 wherein said adherent coating on said
outer surface comprises a finishing varnish.
Description
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
As is well known, many consumer products, and particularly food
products bear dates or other specific information on their
containers so that the age, or batch of the product may be
ascertained. For some products, such as bottled beverages, normally
visible identification markings are inconvenient because bottle
caps bearing brand and/or flavor indicia have very little available
space for additional identification markings. In addition, the
bottle caps are usually printed in advance of bottling and the
application of visible identification indicia thereto would
obliterate the printing.
To deal with this problem, it has been proposed to mark the bottle
caps with the desired indicia using a fluorescent ink. U.S. Pat.
application Ser. No. 776,192 , filed by James G. Smith on Nov. 15,
1968 (now abandoned), discloses a coded bottle cap which has a
fluorescent ink applied to its outer surface leaving a resinous,
normally invisible deposit of the fluorescent material on said
outer surface as the desired indicia, which becomes visible when
exposed to ultraviolet light.
In some instances, bottle caps are subject to surface abrasion in
normal use. For example, it is common in the beverage bottling
industries to place filled and capped bottles upright into
subdivided cases and to stack the filled cases so that each case
above the lowest rests directly on the bottle caps of the next case
therebelow. In such instances, it has been found that fluorescent
markings applied as a separate layer in a resinous matrix are
sometimes abraded off and obliterated to the point of
illegibility.
In accordance with one aspect of the present invention, bottle
caps, or other closure members for open containers, having an
adherent, resinous coating layer on an outer surface are marked in
limited areas on said coating layer with a fluorescent ink
composition consisting essentially of a fluorescent brightening
agent in a volatile organic solvent capable of softening said
adherent coating layer in the marked areas while said areas are wet
with said solvent. The ink is free of resinous binders.
THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a plan view of a bottle cap showing the coded indicia on
exposure to ultraviolet light to obtain visual presentation thereof
and wherein the normally printed material is shown in phantom;
FIG. 2 shows the bottle cap in ordinary light with the normally
printed visible material thereon and wherein the normally invisible
transparent indicia are indicated in phantom;
FIG. 3 is a sectional view, greatly enlarged showing a small
segment of the crown of the bottle cap immediately after
application of the fluorescent ink thereto;
FIG. 4 shows a still greater enlargement of a portion of the
segment of FIG. 3 after penetration of the fluorescent ink into the
outer varnish layer of the cap and the evaporation of surface
solvent therefrom; and pg,4
FIG. 5 shows the same segment as FIG. 4 after the cap has reached
its final stable condition and the subsurface ink solvent has
evaporated.
Referring now to the drawings, there is shown one embodiment
incorporating the present invention. FIGS. 1 and 2 are plan views
of a crown bottle cap 10 having a generally flat top surface 12 and
having a depending skirt portion with the standard serrations 14
around the periphery of the skirt.
The top surface 12 of the bottle cap 10 is shown with a design 16
imprinted thereon. Such printed material may take the form of a
legend identifying the manufacturer of the product, or identifying
the product, or in the case of soft drinks, the flavor of the
product, or maybe some combination of all three.
The normally invisible indicia 18 of the present invention are
imprinted over the top of the design 16 which is present on the top
12 of the bottle cap 10 and may very well be repetitive in nature,
such as shown in FIG. 1. Typical of the purpose of such coded
indicia would be to identify the date on which the product was
inserted within the bottle to which the cap 10 is applied. Thus, in
the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, the contents would have been
packaged Jan. 23 , 1964 . It is quite clear, however, that any
combination of coded indicia can be utilized and the present
invention is not limited to the particular arrangement shown in the
drawings.
The coded indicia, as explained more fully hereinbelow, are formed
from a fluorescent brightening agent embedded in an outer adherent
coating, such as a varnish or other resinous coating. The
brightening agent is normally invisible, but is rendered visible
when subjected to an ultraviolet light.
Typically, such a cap is a multilayered construction in which the
base, or substrate 20, is formed, typically, either from an
electrolytic tin plate or from aluminum. Depending upon the design
and the use to which the cap is being put, an organic sizing 22 is
applied to the surface of the substrate 20. If desired, an organic,
pigmented coating 24 may then be applied over the sizing.
Following this, the decorative or functional ink pattern 16 is
applied over the surface of the pigmented coating 24 in one or more
colors. A final protective clear, or slightly pigmented finishing
varnish 26 is applied over the printing to provide abrasion and
corrosion resistance for the finished product. A typical varnish is
an epoxy ester of a drying oil such as a dehydrated castor oil.
At this stage the bottle cap manufacture is completed and the caps
are sent to the bottler who uses them to seal filled beverage
bottles and generally applies the normally invisible coded indicia
18 to the caps after filling and capping the bottles.
The indicia are applied by marking the cap with a fluorescent ink
free of resinous binders and consisting essentially of a
fluorescent brightening agent in a volatile organic solvent. The
markings may be applied by any suitable method or apparatus, a
suitable method and apparatus being described in U.S. Pat.
application Ser. No. 776,114 , filed Nov. 15 , 1968 , by Sheldon L.
Wilde.
Immediately after the application of the fluorescent ink markings,
the liquid ink composition is on the surface of the varnish outer
layer in localized marked areas, as indicated by 18a in FIG. 3.
Very shortly thereafter, the ink solution penetrates into and
somewhat softens the varnish layer in the marked areas, as
illustrated at 18b in FIG. 4, and whatever surface solvent has not
penetrated is volatilized off.
Finally, and very shortly after the stage of FIG. 4, the solvent
which penetrated into the varnish layer is volatilized off, leaving
behind the fluorescent brightening agent in the formerly softened
(and now rehardened) areas of marking, as shown by 18c .
In order to provide optimum results, the volatility of the ink
solvent should be controlled. If the solvent is too volatile, it
will evaporate off the surface of the varnish layer before it has
had an opportunity to soften and penetrate it. In that case, the
fluorescent brightening agent will be deposited on the surface of
the varnish layer in the form of a nonadherent coating, and will
not provide the desired permanency of the fluorescent markings.
On the other hand, if the ink solvent is too low in volatility, the
varnish will lift and the printing will smear when the bottles are
handled. For optimum results, the solvent should be one which has a
drying time from about 1.7 to about 3.5 times as long as that of
n-butyl acetate. Suitable solvents include alcohols, esters,
ketones and aliphatic hydrocarbons. Aromatic hydrocarbons and
chlorinated hydrocarbons may also be used, provided that the print
wheel of the marking device is made of a material resistant to
these solvents. Specific solvents of these classes which may
evaporate too quickly or too slowly may be blended with other
solvents to bring their drying times (from a fully exposed surface
under ambient conditions) within the optimum range.
A particularly suitable solvent system is one containing from about
50 to 75 weight percent of denatured ethyl alcohol and from about
25 to 50 weight percent of methyl isobutyl ketone, and most
preferably 59.75 weight percent of the alcohol and 39.75 weight
percent of the ketone.
Any of the known fluorescent brightening agents which are soluble
in organic solvents may be used as the fluorescent brightening
agent in this invention, the choice being made on the basis of
color desired (when fluoresced), cost, strength, and other
properties.
Suitable fluorescent brightening agents are disclosed in the
"Colour Index," Volume 2--Second Edition, 1956 and 1963 Supplement,
published by The Society of Dyers And Colourists, Dean House,
Picadilly, Bradford, Yorkshire, England. Suitable fluorescent
brightening agents are those identified as Calcofluor RWP
(described in the "Colour Index" as Fluorescent Brightening Agent
61) which provides a bluish violet fluorescence, Hiltamine Arctic
White SOL (described in the "Colour Index" as Fluorescent
Brightening Agent 68, and also Fluorescent Brightening Agents 57,
69, 73, 74fluoresces greenish yellow), 75 (fluoresces greenish
yellow), 76 (fluoresces greenish blue), 77 (fluoresces reddish
blue), 78, 91 (bright reddish fluorescence), 128 (bluish violet
fluorescence), 130 (violet fluorescence), and 132 (blue
fluorescence).
Generally, the amount of fluorescent brightening agent in the
fluorescent ink will be between about one-eighth weight percent and
about 5 weight percent with amounts between about one-fourth and
one-half weight percent being preferred.
While the invention has been described with respect to a specific
embodiment, it is to be understood that modifications may be
employed, as will be understood by those skilled in the art,
without departing from the invention defined in the claims.
For example, the invention is applicable to the fluorescent marking
of articles other than the bottle caps specifically disclosed.
Container caps, generally, including caps for wide mouth jars, may
be marked in accordance with this invention provided that they have
an outer resinous surface which is susceptible to solvent
penetration. Metallic container caps usually have an outer resinous
coating layer which is at least partially solvent softenable and in
resinous container caps the outer surface itself is receptive to
solvent penetration. Even thermoset resinous materials such as
phenol-formaldehyde and urea-formaldehyde resins are sufficiently
surface-softenable by solvents to permit marking by the ink of this
invention.
The invention is also suitable for the marking of container bodies,
rather than caps, and in fact, for the marking of any article
having an outer surface which is softenable by an organic solvent
so that the ink may penetrate it, whether said outer surface is a
coating layer or an integral part of the material of construction
of the article.
The invention finds its greatest applicability in the marking of
relatively small surfaces such as bottle caps because such
surfaces, when they already bear labelling indicia, have very
little space for additional visible marking indicia. However, even
on relatively large surfaces, the marking with a visible ink is
disadvantageous on a rapidly moving production line because roller
printing is unsightly and spot printing raises difficult mechanical
problems in securing registry between the printing surface and the
rapidly moving bottle caps.
* * * * *