U.S. patent number 3,627,096 [Application Number 04/819,369] was granted by the patent office on 1971-12-14 for wire printing method.
This patent grant is currently assigned to International Business Machines Corporation. Invention is credited to Edward D. Finnegan.
United States Patent |
3,627,096 |
Finnegan |
December 14, 1971 |
WIRE PRINTING METHOD
Abstract
A printing method for use with a wire printer designed for
improved printing of both higher and lower case alphabetical
characters wherein additional printing points and positions are
added to write better-formed characters, and especially to print
improved characters having diagonally extending and curved
segments.
Inventors: |
Finnegan; Edward D. (Delray
Beach, FL) |
Assignee: |
International Business Machines
Corporation (Armonk, NY)
|
Family
ID: |
25227968 |
Appl.
No.: |
04/819,369 |
Filed: |
April 25, 1969 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
400/124.07;
D18/26; 178/30; 101/93.05 |
Current CPC
Class: |
B41J
2/5056 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
B41J
2/505 (20060101); B41j 003/04 () |
Field of
Search: |
;197/1 ;178/30 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Other References
IBM Technical Disclosure Bulletin, Vol. 7 No. 9, Feb. 1965, article
by K. Heydkamp entitled "Selecting Type Size In Matrix Printers"
pages 815 and 816.
|
Primary Examiner: Burr; Edgar S.
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. The method of printing upper and lower case characters on a
record member with a wire printing machine having a printing head
comprised of a plurality of print wires, said method comprising the
steps of:
effecting relative movement at an essentially constant velocity
between the head and record member;
selectively actuating said wires at predetermined intervals to form
spaced imprints in a preset number of spaced rows, each row being
spaced by a full position of distance d where d is equal to or
greater than the distance d' traveled by said head in the minimum
time required to actuate a given wire twice and where [1/2<d',]
1/2 d< d', and;
selectively actuating said wires for imprinting said record member
at half positions between and overlapping adjacent spaced rows in
the plane normal to the direction of relative movement between the
member and head with each actuation of a given wire forming
imprints spaced by at least a distance d' from the previous imprint
of said given wire for forming the angular extending portions of
the characters desired to be printed.
2. The method of printing as defined in claim 1 wherein said step
of effecting relative movement further comprises the step of
scanning parallel noncolinear print lines on said record member
with a plurality of print wires arranged in a straight row.
3. A printing head for printing on a record member comprising a
plurality of printing wires having a first end positioned adjacent
said member and the second end positioned remote to said
member,
an actuator for each wire operable upon energization to propel said
wire first end into contact with said member for leaving an imprint
thereon,
means for effecting relative movement at an essentially constant
velocity between the head and record member,
a wire guide positioned between the actuators and record member
functioning to align the wires in a single row extending normal to
the direction of relative movement between the head and member,
means for energizing said actuators at preselected spaced positions
along said member for imprinting said member to form a matrix of
spaced dots forming characters desired to be printed, said matrix
having rows separated by full positions of distance d, where d is
equal to or greater than the distance d' traveled by said head in
the minimum time required to actuate a given wire twice, and where
1/2d<d',
means for energizing selected ones of said actuators at
intermediate positions between said rows of said matrix and in
vertical overlapping relationship with said rows for forming
angular extending segments of characters, each said actuator being
energized to form dots in said member spaced by at least a distance
d'.
4. A printing head as defined in claim 3 wherein seven printing
wires are positioned in a single row for printing a line of
impressions extending normal to the direction of movement between
the head and record member.
5. The method of printing characters on a record member with a wire
printing apparatus having a print head including a plurality of
print wires, comprising the steps of:
effecting relative movement at an essentially constant velocity
between the head and record member with said wires scanning
parallel noncolinear print lines across a plurality of character
print positions on said member;
selectively actuating said wires to form a matrix of dots forming
the characters desired to be printed, the rows of said matrix being
separated by a distance L where 2L is equal to or greater than the
distance L' traveled by said head in the minimum time required to
actuate a given wire twice and where L<L' and selectively
actuating each given wire to form dots spaced by at least the
distance L' from the dot formed by the previous actuation of said
given wire.
Description
CROSS-REFERENCES TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
This invention is designed for use with such wire printing heads as
that described in the copending U.S. Pat. application Ser. No.
764,474 entitled Wire Printing Head, filed on Oct. 2, 1968 with E.
A. Brown and A. S. Chou as inventors and assigned to the assignee
of the present invention.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
In wire printing wherein the characters are formed by stamping a
series of dots on a record member, which is usually paper, the
square alphabetical symbols and numbers are formed in a clearly
legible manner by the use of a normal dot matrix. Even where
diagonal lines must be formed, so long as these lines extend
generally at 45.degree. from the vertical, not too much difficulty
is encountered in forming good appearing characters. However, a
close investigation of many of the upper case alphabetical symbols
and numbers shows that diagonal lines are needed extending at other
than 45.degree. for the proper formation of legible images. When
printing the lower case alphabet, it is found that the character
quality suffers even more when limited to the 45.degree. diagonal
lines.
In the past, such wire printing has been effected by a series of
dots, usually in a 5.times.7 matrix, positioned adjacently but not
overlapping in the vertical plane, thereby limiting the angle at
which the diagonal lines can be formed. The primary reason for
forming such characters was that the wire actuators could only be
energized for printing the respective dots at predetermined time
intervals. Thus, to improve the quality of the characters formed, a
compromise had to be achieved between the quality of the character
and the speed of the printing operations since wire printers
usually are employed where speed and cost are factors considered at
least as important as the quality of the type. Thus, any
compromises have generally involved lessening the legibility of the
printing and increasing the speed of the printer.
The primary purpose of this invention is to effect good quality
wire-matrix printing with little reduction in the printing speed
and at little or no additional cost of the wire printing
device.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
A method for forming characters with a wire printing device wherein
the wires are actuated at predetermined time intervals but in a
staggered fashion to form dots overlapping in the vertical plane
thereby rendering more legible characters. Additionally the
printing method of the subject invention teaches the employment of
a wire printing device having strategically positioned printing
wires for printing better quality upper and lower case
characters.
Other objects and advantages of the invention will become apparent
from the following detailed description taken in connection with
the accompanying drawings.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 illustrates one type of wire printing device in which the
subject invention can be employed.
FIG. 2 illustrates on an enlarged scale one example of characters
printed by use of wire printing devices employing previously known
methods.
FIG. 3 illustrates the better quality upper case characters printed
by use of one embodiment of the subject invention.
FIG. 4 shows one example of numbers printed with wire printers
presently used.
FIG. 5 shows the better quality numbers that can be printed by
using an embodiment of the subject invention.
FIG. 6 illustrates the printing end of a print head employing one
embodiment of the subject invention.
FIG. 7 illustrates the printing end of a print head employing
another embodiment of the subject invention, and
FIG. 8 illustrates selected lower case alphabetical symbols which
can be printed by using the embodiments of the invention shown in
FIG. 7.
DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
The subject invention preferably is embodied in a printer head such
as that shown in FIG. 1 and described in detail hereinafter. In
such a wire printer head 10, individual wires 11 are actuated to
press an inking ribbon 12 into contact with a record member such as
the paper 13 resting against a platen 14 for printing characters
comprised of a plurality of dots or impressions. In the embodiment
shown, electromagnetic actuators 15 are energized to actuate each
wire as needed to form the desired character as the head is
translated across the paper. For translating the head, a rotatable
threaded shaft 16 is passed through a threaded opening 17 in the
frame 18 of the head to drive the assembly sidewise. An additional
shaft 19 passing through a close fitting opening 20 in the frame
holds the head steady as it is translated.
While not shown in detail, the individual actuators 15 generally
comprise an electromagnet having an armature fastened to the wire
11 for movement thereof lengthwise through a wire guide 21. The
guide is fastened to the frame by the screws 21a and extends from a
position near the actuators to a location closely adjacent the
platen 14. The inking ribbon is fed around the rollers 22 and
across a guide 24 between the wire ends and the paper.
The individual actuators 15 are energized by the transmission of an
electric current signal to the associated conductor 25 extending
from an actuator energizer 26. In response to the input data signal
calling for a specific character to be printed, the character code
logic circuit 27 determines which of the wires should be actuated
at each position and feeds the signal through the conductor 28 to
the actuator energizer. In the past, the characters were formed by
actuating selected ones of the several wires (usually seven) at
each of several distinct and spaced positions (usually five in
number) for printing the selected symbol.
Thus, in the presently used printers, the individual wires are
actuated in synchronization with the translation of the head to
form characters such as those indicated in FIG. 2 of the drawings.
In this figure, the upper case letters are shown and it can be
noted that little difficulty is encountered in printing a very
legible character if the letters are square and do not call for
curved or diagonally extending lines. For instance, the
alphabetical characters "T" and "E" are shown in FIG. 2 printed in
a normal manner of firing a seven-wire printing head at five
laterally spaced positions to form a 5.times.7 matrix. It can be
noted that the quality of the letters T and E is very good. In the
same figure, are shown the higher case letters involving various
diagonal and curved lines such as the "D" and"0." It can also be
noted that such characters as these come out irregular in shape in
that the diagonals needed to form the characters do not fit the
diagonal lines necessary to form the letters properly.
Specifically, the characters V, A, Y, W and X are difficult to form
and the printing thereof with a 5.times.7 matrix can result only in
a distorted character. While the characters can be read, they are
not precise and distinct in form.
In FIG. 3 are shown various characters corresponding to those of
FIG. 2 and which are printed by the subject invention. The
improvement in the aesthetic qualities of the higher case
characters is readily seen in comparing the characters of FIGS. 2
and 3. The characters in FIG. 3 are printed in accordance with the
present invention by triggering or firing the wires at the normal
five spaces as was accomplished in printing the characters in FIG.
2, and additionally by firing at half spaces positioned in between
and in overlapping relationship to the five spaces, thereby making
a total of nine positions overlapping or staggered in the vertical
plane at which each wire can be triggered. The only qualification
in the printing operation is that each firing of a wire must be
spaced by a full print position, i.e., a complete space must exist
between each position at which the wire is actuated. To elaborate
on this requirement, if a wire is printed at half position, then
the next possible location at which it can be printed or fired is
at the next half position following that position. This requirement
is necessary because a reset time must be allowed the printing head
before the wire can again be actuated to the print position.
By accomplishing the printing of the higher case alphabetical
characters in this manner, an overlap between adjacent vertical
dots in the vertical plane normal to the direction of head movement
is achieved to form diagonal lines positioned at 30.degree. from
the vertical and to fit the needs for many of the higher case
characters. As can be seen, the improvements in such characters as
the O, V, A, Y and X are readily apparent because the diagonal
lines now available with the 9.times.7 overlap matrix more
distinctly fit that needed to print those characters. Thus, the
continuous straight line in the diagonal segments of the characters
necessary for printing X, Y and V's can be formed. For instance,
with the X, the dots of the diagonal are printed every other one at
the half-line position to form the diagonal segment as a continuous
straight line. To illustrate, the dots 30 and 31 in FIG. 3 are
printed at the standard firing positions while the dots 32 and 34
are positioned at the half-fire positions. Note that the adjacent
dots 31 through 34 overlap in the vertical plane to enable the
formation of the straighter lines extending diagonally across the
plot of the normal 5.times.7 matrix. Thus, dots which "overlap" are
dots printed at adjacent half-fire positions by different
wires.
The heretofore described invention is also advantageous in printing
numbers as is shown in FIGS. 4 and 5. In FIG. 4 are shown the
numbers as previously printed and it can be noted readily that
irregularly curved segments occur in such numbers as the 3, 6, 8
and 9 while irregular diagonal lines exist in the printed numbers 4
and 7. In FIG. 5, the subject invention is used in which the print
wires are fired at the half positions. The improvement in the
quality of the numbers is obvious. For instance, the number 2 is
well-rounded with the dots 35, 36 and 37 overlapping in the
vertical plane. The improved number 7 embodies a straight diagonal
line formed by firing every other wire at the half-fire position.
Improvements in the other numbers also are noted, i.e., the 0 is
now the more pleasing oblong configuration instead of being square.
The 6 also is improved by utilizing the diagonal line with
overlapping dots achievable with the present invention. Thus, the
advantages of the present invention are readily obvious in printing
both the higher case alphabetical characters and the numeric
characters.
Referring now to FIG. 9, the relationship between the various print
positions will be described. Dots 51-55 are printed by a single
wire which is caused to scan at an essentially constant velocity
across the paper. Each dot 51-55 is printed at what is defined as a
full position. Dots 71-74 are similarly each printed by a given
wire but at half positions. In this figure, there are five spaced
vertical rows, each headed by a dot 51-55, and 7 horizontal rows
forming a 5.times.7 matrix, with four half position vertical rows
including dots 71-74.
The relationship between the various dots with respect to the
distance of travel of the pring head while printing is explained as
follows. Referring to dots 81-83, the distance d' is defined as the
distance traveled by the print head 10 in the minimum time required
to actuate a given wire 11 twice and is related to the mechanical
and magnetic characteristics of the print head requiring that a
reset time be allowed before a given wire can be actuated to the
print position again, for example, to form dot 82 after 81. The
actual print timing for the head is established such that the
distance d between dots 54 and 55 is equal to or greater than the
distance d' and such that the distance 1/2d between dots 54 and 65,
74 is greater than d'. With this requirement, it is apparent that
it would be impossible to fire a print wire to form, for example,
dots 84 and 85 where 85 is on a half position adjacent to the full
position of dot 84.
The above discussion has been with respect to the distance d, d' of
travel of the head and was described in terms of a 5.times.7 matrix
with half positions. Now, consider the spacing L, L' of possible
print positions on a paper. As shown in FIG. 9, there are nine
vertical rows and seven horizontal rows, forming what may be
considered a 9.times.7 matrix. Each intersection of vertical and
horizontal rows represents a potential print position. Once again,
L' is defined as the space on the paper traveled by the print head
in the minimum time required to fire, reset, and fire again. The
spacing L between adjacent vertical rows of the 9.times.7 matrix is
defined as being less than L', where 2L is equal to or greater than
L'. With this requirement, it is apparent that it would be
impossible to form print dots 84 and 85 on adjacent vertical rows
of the 9.times.7 matrix. Herein, the L' and L dimensions are
associated with the 9.times.7 matrix, and the d' and d dimensions
are associated with the 5.times.7 matrix with four half
positions.
In accordance with a second embodiment of the invention, upper and
lower case letters can be printed with the same writing head by the
use of additional wires positioned below the standard 7 wire
alignment and used only to print the lower case characters. For
instance, in the embodiment shown in FIG. 6, one preferred
embodiment incorporates the aligned seven print wires for printing
upper case letters and two additional print wires used only for
printing the lower case letters. In this embodiment, the print
wires positioned below the dotted line 38 and numbered 39 and 40
are used only to print lower case alphabetical characters and are
not used to print higher case alphabetical characters and numeric
characters. The advantages of this embodiment are shown in FIG. 8
wherein many lower case letters demand an extension below the
normal base line of the higher case characters. For instance, the
characters g, j, p, q and y extend below the line while the other
lower case characters only extend above the print line. Thus, a
method is provided for printing lower case characters by utilizing
the top seven wires for printing most of the lower case alphabet
and printing with the wires 39 and 40 positioned below the line
only when the specific characters are to be printed which demand an
extension below the print line. In this manner, the same print head
can be utilized for printing both upper and lower case characters.
In addition, the comma and semicolon are more legible as shown in
FIG. 8. It is also known that foreign alphabets and irregular
shapes are formed more easily with this embodiment of the
invention.
In accordance with another embodiment of the invention, there is
shown in FIG. 7 a printing head which embodies the print wires
positioned in a vertical plane and in addition, incorporates an
additional print wire 41 positioned adjacent the third and fourth
wires 42 and 43 and at the half-fire position partially between
those wires. Of course, the half-fire position of the additional
wire could also preceed those wires with the same effect being
rendered by firing this wire at the next following position while
printing the character. It has been discovered that in printing
such lower case alphabetical characters as the b, d, g, h, k, m, p,
q, r, x and z, the additional wire position is needed to form a
more perfect character. For instance, as shown in FIG. 8, these
lower case alphabetical characters are formed in a much more
precise manner in utilizing this additional wire. The dots numbered
41a all correspond to printing by the wire 41. It will be noted
this dot location particularly enhances the printing of several of
the characters.
There also is shown in FIG. 7 an additional wire 44 positioned
adjacent the sixth and seventh wires 45 and 46 at the half-fire
position. This wire is especially useful in printing many of the
same characters as shown in FIG. 8 because they more logically form
these characters in the manner in which they are normally written.
For instance, in printing the lower case characters a, b, c, d, e,
g, h, k, m, n, o, p, q, r and s, the dot 41a forms an integral part
of the diagonal segment and enables the printing of a well-formed
character. The wire 44 is used in forming the dot numbered 44a for
printing more accurately the characters a, b, e, g, o, p, g, u, w
and y. Thus, the half-firing of the print wires might be
eliminated, i.e., operate with a 5.times.9 print matrix instead of
a 9.times.9 as is supplied in the half-firing head, and still a
more readable character be printed.
While the invention has been particularly shown and described with
reference to preferred embodiments thereof, it will be understood
by those skilled in the art that various changes in the form and
details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and
scope of the invention.
* * * * *