U.S. patent number 3,626,860 [Application Number 05/041,809] was granted by the patent office on 1971-12-14 for foldable expendable four-way entry pallet.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Walnut Industries Company. Invention is credited to David H. Blatt.
United States Patent |
3,626,860 |
Blatt |
December 14, 1971 |
FOLDABLE EXPENDABLE FOUR-WAY ENTRY PALLET
Abstract
A foldable expendable four-way entry pallet, merchandise
container or other article carrier constructed of corrugated
paperboard including a planar deck and foldable, reinforcing log
pockets or sleeves secured to the underside of the deck. Log
sleeves are formed in pairs at opposite ends of a piece of
double-faced single-wall corrugated board and the entire
intervening web is adhesively secured to the underside of the deck.
Single or multiple pairs of log sleeves may be used with the log
orientation of plural pairs being parallel and the sleeves being
foldable flatwise toward the deck when the reinforcing logs are
removed. Each log sleeve is provided with a pair of windows having
centers spaced apart the proper distance to permit projection
therethrough of the fork of a fork lift truck, and the windows of
the paralleled sleeves are aligned in rows orthogonal to the log
sleeves. The reinforcing logs fit slidably closely within the log
sleeves and may be of expanded polystyrene or any other suitable
rigid frangible material. The portions of the logs exposed through
the windows of the sleeves are notched or otherwise formed to break
out cleanly when impacted by the fork of a fork lift truck to
permit the fork to pass through the windows, and are also
top-notched to provide for passage of banding straps.
Inventors: |
Blatt; David H. (Melrose Park,
PA) |
Assignee: |
Walnut Industries Company
(Philadelphia, PA)
|
Family
ID: |
21918436 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/041,809 |
Filed: |
June 1, 1970 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
108/51.3 |
Current CPC
Class: |
B65D
19/0026 (20130101); B65D 2519/00293 (20130101); B65D
2519/00273 (20130101); B65D 2519/00323 (20130101); B65D
2519/00442 (20130101); B65D 2519/00557 (20130101); B65D
2519/00054 (20130101); B65D 2519/00432 (20130101); B65D
2519/00019 (20130101); B65D 2519/00333 (20130101); B65D
2519/00562 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
B65D
19/00 (20060101); B65d 019/18 () |
Field of
Search: |
;108/51-58 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Foreign Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Gay; Bobby R.
Assistant Examiner: Finch; Glenn O.
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. An article carrier comprising in combination,
a. a deck having an upper surface for receiving merchandise, and an
undersurface,
b. a plurality of parallel spaced-apart reinforcing log holder
sleeves secured to and depending from said deck, each of said
sleeves having sidewall regions which are provided with at least a
first pair of aligned windows lying in planes extending
transversely to said deck, and
c. a plurality of reinforcing logs each of substantially the same
cross-sectional size and shape as that of the log holder sleeves
and being slidable into an associated log holder sleeve to thereby
rigidify said sleeve, each said log being made of a rigid frangible
material and a portion of said log being exposed on opposite sides
thereof through the aforesaid aligned windows of said associated
log holder sleeve.
2. An article carrier as described in claim 1 wherein each of said
sleeves sidewall regions is provided with at least a second pair of
aligned windows lying in planes extending transversely to said
deck, said first and second pairs of windows being spaced apart
longitudinally along said sleeve a distance equal to the
fork-to-fork spacing of the forks of a forklift truck.
3. An article carrier as described in claim 1 wherein each of said
reinforcing logs is provided with fracture assisting means
operative to cause said log to completely fracture transversely to
the log length when the log is subject to transverse impact through
said sleeve windows, whereby, at least a portion of said log within
the said sleeve windows is separable from said log and displaceable
from said sleeve through said sleeve windows.
4. An article carrier as described in claim 1 wherein each of said
reinforcing logs is provided with at least one region of reduced
cross-sectional area operative to cause said log to completely
fracture transversely to the log length when the log is subjected
to transverse impact through said sleeve windows, whereby, at least
a portion of said log within the said sleeve windows is separable
from said log and displaceable from said sleeve through said sleeve
windows.
5. An article carrier as described in claim 1 wherein each said
sleeve comprises a plurality of flat surfaces extending
longitudinally of the sleeve length with at least some of said flat
surfaces being movable about hinging lines to selectably compact
said sleeves substantially flatwise by movement toward said deck or
to open out said sleeves to their log receiving cross section by
movement away from said deck.
6. An article carrier as described in claim 1 wherein said log
holder sleeves are formed in parallel spaced apart pairs at
opposite ends of a piece of corrugated paperboard, and wherein the
area of the latter between said log holder sleeves is secured
fixedly against the undersurface of said deck.
7. An article carrier as described in claim 1 wherein said
reinforcing logs are made of expanded polystyrene.
8. An article carrier as described in claim 1 wherein the upper
surface of said reinforcing logs is recessed downward for the full
width of said log within that portion of the log which is exposed
through each of said windows, whereby a banding strap may be passed
through each of said windows and said log upper surface recess for
securing articles to said article carrier.
9. An article carrier as described in claim 2 wherein each of said
reinforcing logs is provided with fracture assisting means
operative to cause said log to completely fracture transversely to
the log length when the log is subjected to transverse impact
through said sleeve windows, whereby, at least a portion of said
log within the said sleeve windows is separable from said log and
displaceable from said sleeve windows.
10. An article carrier in claim 3 wherein said log fracture
assisting means is positioned within said sleeve window when said
log is within said sleeve.
11. An article carrier as described in claim 3 wherein said log
fracture assisting means comprises at least one region of reduced
cross-sectional area positioned substantially centrally within said
sleeve window when said log is within said sleeve, and a pair of
regions of reduced cross-sectional area positioned substantially at
the opposite side edges of said window.
12. An article carrier as described in claim 9 wherein each said
sleeve comprises a plurality of flat surfaces extending
longitudinally of the sleeve length with at least some of said flat
surfaces being movable about hinging lines to selectably compact
said sleeves substantially flatwise by movement toward said deck or
to open out said sleeves to their log receiving cross section by
movement away from said deck.
13. An article carrier as described in claim 9 wherein said log
fracture assisting means comprises at least one region of reduced
cross-sectional area positioned substantially centrally within said
sleeve window when said log is within said sleeve, and a pair of
regions of reduced cross-sectional area positioned substantially at
the opposite side edges of said window.
14. An article carrier as described in claim 11 wherein the upper
surface of said reinforcing logs is recessed downward for the full
width of said log at the said at least one region of reduced
cross-sectional area positioned substantially centrally within said
sleeve window, whereby a banding strap may be passed through each
of said windows and said log upper surface recess for securing
articles to said article carrier.
15. An article carrier as described in claim 12 wherein said log
fracture assisting means comprises at least one region of reduced
cross-sectional area positioned substantially centrally within said
sleeve window when said log is within said sleeve, and a pair or
regions of reduced cross-sectional area positioned substantially at
the opposite side edges of said window.
16. An article carrier as described in claim 15 wherein said
reinforcing logs are made of expanded polystyrene.
Description
This invention relates to foldable, expendable four-way entry
pallets or article carriers, and more particularly relates to such
pallets made of corrugated paperboard, and so constructed that the
pallets may be folded substantially flat for shipping and
storage.
Pallets have been used for a considerable length of time as the
bases upon which various items are stacked so that they may be
moved in bulk by power equipment such as fork lift trucks and the
like. In the past, most pallets have been made of wood, the usual
form of pallet including a flat deck to the underside of which are
secured a plurality of rigidifying beams which also function as
vertical spacers to allow the fork of a lift truck to move in under
the deck and thereby lift the pallet with its contents for
transportation to storage or loading area. Wooden pallets of this
type are fairly expensive, and do not have a high density packing
factor when such pallets are stored or shipped in bulk by truck or
railway car. The shipping, storing and handling costs of the
pallets according to the invention are approximately one tenth of
the cost associated with wooden pallets because they require only
one tenth of the space required by wooden pallets.
Materials other than wood have been utilized in the construction of
pallets, but there have been disadvantages and difficulties
encountered. For example, metal pallets are even more expensive
than wood and weigh more while providing no storage or shipping
advantages whatever. Foamed plastics have been tried but in general
these devices do not withstand the rigorous use to which pallets
are subjected, and provide no advantages in storage or
shipping.
The foldable expendable four-way entry pallet according to the
invention overcomes all of the aforementioned disadvantages in that
it is light in weight, of relatively low cost, foldable
substantially flat to provide a high density storage and shipment
factor attended by great cost reductions in these areas, and is
sufficiently strong and tough to provide for repetitive use. The
cost factor is sufficiently low that pallets made according to the
invention may often times be disposed of after a shipping use from
one point to another instead of being shipped back for a subsequent
use. Accordingly, it is a principle object of the invention to
provide a foldable four-way entry type pallet made of corrugated
paperboard which is relatively inexpensive, is adapted for
manufacture by automated equipment, has a high density packing
factor for storage and shipment, is strong and durable, and
incorporates a novel reinforcing log and sleeve construction to
provide four-way entry.
Another object of the invention is to provide a novel foldable
pallet as aforesaid which includes a main support deck to the
underside of which are secured a plurality of windowed reinforcing
log holder pockets or sleeves adapted to receive reinforcing logs
slipped endwise thereinto when the pallet is erected for use, and
which log holders are collapsable into substantially flat form with
the logs removed when the pallet is to be stored or shipped, each
log sleeve being provided with a pair of windows spaced apart the
proper distance to permit projection therethrough of the fork of a
fork lift truck, and the windows of the paralleled sleeves being
aligned in rows orthogonal to the log sleeves.
Yet another object of the invention is to provide a novel pallet as
aforesaid of the four-way entry type in which portions of the
reinforcing logs exposed through the windows of the sleeves are
notched or otherwise formed to break out cleanly when impacted by
the fork of a fork lift truck to permit the fork to pass through
the windows.
A further object of the invention is to provide a novel pallet as
aforesaid in which the reinforcing logs are formed of expanded
polystyrene or other substantially rigid frangible material
characterized by the ability to break along a substantially
straight line.
Yet another object of the invention is to provide a novel foldable
four-way entry pallet as aforesaid in which the pallet forms an
integral part of a shipping container for an article of
merchandise.
The foregoing and other object of the invention will become clear
from a reading of the following specification in conjunction with
an examination of the appended drawings, wherein:
FIG. 1 is a perspective view from below of a pallet according to
the invention showing the windowed log holder sleeves with the logs
exposed therethrough;
FIG. 2 is a bottom plan view of the pallet seen in FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is an enlarged fragmentary side view of a pallet according
to the invention as would be seen when viewed along the line 3--3
of FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 is an enlarged fragmentary end view of the pallet and log
holders as would be seen when viewed along the line 4--4 of FIG.
2;
FIG. 5 is an enlarged fragmentary vertical sectional view through
the pallet and log holder sleeves according to the invention as
would be seen when viewed along the line 5--5 of FIG. 2;
FIG. 6 is a perspective view of a typical reinforcing log made of a
suitably rigid frangible material;
FIG. 7 is a plan view of the log shown in FIG. 6;
FIG. 8 is a side elevation of the reinforcing log as seen along
line 8--8 of FIG. 7;
FIG. 9 is an enlarged fragmentary bottom view of a log sleeve in
the window region with the sleeve bottom broken away to disclose
the breakout of a reinforcing log by a truck fork;
FIG. 10 is a view similar to FIG. 9 but with the sleeve window
cleared; and
FIG. 11 is a perspective view looking into the window of the sleeve
shown in FIG. 10.
In the several figures, like elements are denoted by like reference
characters.
Considering first the FIGS. 1 to 5 of the drawings there is seen a
pallet designated generally as 20 having a deck structure 21 and
two pairs of parallel reinforcing log holder pockets or sleeves,
one pair of sleeves being designated 22 while the other pair of
sleeves is designated as 23. As best seen from the showings of
FIGS. 1, 4 and 5, the pair of sleeves 22 is formed from a single
piece of material designated generally as 24 while the pair of
sleeves 23 is formed from a different similar piece of material 25.
As best seen from the showing of FIGS. 4 and 5, each of the sleeves
22 is formed by folding the terminal end portion of the piece of
material 24 about longitudinally extending fold or hinging lines to
form the sleeve walls designated as 22a through 22d, the upper
sleeve wall 22a being adhesively fixedly secured to the underside
of the planar web portion of the piece of material 24. Similarly,
the log sleeves 23 are formed by folding the end portions of the
piece of material 25 about longitudinally extending fold or hinging
lines to define the sleeve walls 23a through 23d with the upper
sleeve wall 23a being fixedly secured to the underside of the
planar web portion of the piece of material 25.
As best seen in FIGS. 1 and 9 to 11, each of the sleeves 22 has its
sidewalls 22b and 22d rectangularly apertured as at 26 so that the
reinforcing log contained within the sleeve is exposed. In a
typical 42 inch by 48 inch pallet the rectangular apertures or
windows 26 could be 21/2 inches high and 8 inches long, and the
edge of the window closest to the edge of the pallet would be
spaced inward substantially 8 inches from the pallet edge.
Similarly, as seen in FIGS. 1 and 3, the sleeves 23 are provided
with rectangular windows 27 cut through the sleeve sidewalls 23b
and 23d, the windows 27 being of the same size and positioning as
the windows 26 so that all of the windows 26 and 27 are
longitudinally aligned and spaced endwise inward by the same
distance from the opposite edges of the pallet 20 along the lines
which are orthogonal to the directional extent of sleeves 22 and
23.
The pieces of material 24 and 25 are typically made of high Mullen
test double-faced single-wall corrugated paperboard construction to
provide foldability with high resistance to impact and scuffing.
The deck 21 may be made of double-faced single-wall or outer faced
multiple wall corrugated construction, and may be of single-ply or
multiple-ply construction. For illustrative purposes, and as is
most clearly seen in the showing of FIGS. 3, 4 and 5, the deck 21
is formed of two plies 28 and 29 of corrugated paperboard laid
cross-ply to one another and adhesively secured throughout their
surface contacting extent with the longitudinal direction of the
corrugate flutes in the cores of the lower ply 29 disposed
cross-ply to the direction of the corrugate flutes in the
immediately below lying log pocket forming pieces of corrugated 24
and 25. It should also be understood that sleeves such as 22 or 23,
singly or in pairs, can be affixed to an end or side of a shipping
carton or container to form a pallet-integral container, and when
reference is made herein to a pallet it is intended to cover such a
container or other article carrier as well.
Referring now to FIGS. 6, 7 and 8, there is seen a reinforcing log
designated generally as 30 of rectangular cross section, and in a
typical case being approximately 31/2 inches wide by 21/2 inches
high and corresponding of course to the inside width and height of
the sleeves 22 and 23. Each of the logs is divided into a pair of
opposite end sections 31--31 and a central section 32 by the
V-shaped notches 33, which in a typical case might be 11/2 inches
wide by one-half inch deep. In the case of a 42 inch log to be used
with the aforementioned typical 42 inch by 48 inch pallet as shown
in FIG. 1, the center of the notch 33 is located 12 inches from the
end of the log so that the notches 33 are centered in the sleeve
windows 26 and 27. Although not mandatory, in some cases it may be
of benefit to provide the secondary log notches 34 spaced at
opposite sides of each of the V-shaped notches 33 at the proper
distance so that these secondary notches 34 fall at each end of the
windows 26 and 27, all as will be explained hereinafter.
As previously mentioned, the logs 30 may be made of any suitable
rigid frangible material, and expanded polystyrene has been found
to be excellent for this purpose. Expanded polystyrene combines the
highly desirable properties of being light in weight, sufficiently
rigid, and characterized by breakage along a substantially straight
plane when subjected to transverse impact. The notching arrangement
provided in the logs according to the invention facilitates
controlled breakage of the logs in desired planes.
For example, the pallet may be used so that the fork of a fork lift
truck may be passed beneath the pallet parallel to and between the
pallet reinforcing log holder sleeves from either of two directions
to thereby provide two-way entry. On the other hand, when it is
desired to pick up the pallet with a fork lift truck by approach at
right angles to the log holding pallet reinforcing sleeves to
thereby provide the additional two-way entry it is necessary that
the forks of the fork lift truck pass through the sleeve windows 26
and 27. Obviously, the forks of the fork lift truck cannot pass
through the sleeves if the latter are obstructed by the reinforcing
logs 30.
This problem is overcome by virtue of the aforedescribed breakout
characteristics of the logs 30 which permits the forks of the fork
lift truck to impinge against the sides of the reinforcing logs 30
at the notches 33 and thereby cause the logs to fracture in a
controlled manner such that the fork is able to fracture the log
and push it clearly out of the window to permit passage of the fork
therethrough. This action is illustrated in FIGS. 9 and 10 of the
drawings wherein a fork 35 of a fork lift truck is illustrated as
moving sideways against a log 30 through window 26 in the direction
shown by the arrow 36.
The mechanics of the breakout action result from the force exerted
against the log by the fork 35 at the notch 33 combined with the
resistance to movement of the log in the direction of the fork 35
which is provided by the walls of the sleeve 22, in particular, the
wall 22b and the side edges 37 of the window 26. Bending and shear
forces are set up which cause the log 30 to crack across its planes
of minimum strength, which of course include principally the plane
joining the two V-shaped notches 33 across the width of the log and
the two laterally spaced planes at the opposite side edges of the
window 26. While it has been found when using expanded polystyrene
that the secondary notches 34 at the side edges of the windows are
not requisite to obtaining a satisfactory breakout of the windowed
portion of the logs 30, these secondary notches 34 do provide a
more positive location of the side fracture planes and are of
definite value when other log materials are used which do not have
the same desirable fracture characteristics as that of the expanded
polystyrene.
The breakout feature of the logs 30 is very significant in that a
pallet can be erected very quickly by merely unfolding the sleeves
and slipping a log 30 into the sleeve for its full length, the
orthogonal entry of a fork lift truck being provided at the time
when such use is desired in the manner already described. If a
nonfrangible log were used, then it will be appreciated that in the
illustrated case, each log holder sleeve would require the careful
placement therewithin of three individual log sections, or a total
of 12 such sections for the pallet shown in FIG. 1. The time
required for erecting such a pallet would therefore be vastly
increased as compared with the very rapid assembly made possible by
the log structure according to the invention. Additionally, where
only a two-way entry were required, some reinforcing strength would
necessarily have been sacrificed by the use of three small log
sections instead of one continuous reinforcement.
Finally, as seen in FIGS. 3, 5 and 6 to 9, the logs 30 are provided
with banding notches 38 which extend the full width of the log
immediately above each of the notches 33, and typically are on the
order of 11/2 inches wide and one-fourth inch deep. As best seen in
FIGS. 3 and 5, these banding notches 38 are disposed at the upper
surface of the log so that banding straps 39 may be projected
therethrough for the purpose of securing merchandise to the
pallet.
It should be noted that the pallets are particularly resistant to
knockoff of the underlying log supports because of the manner in
which the log sleeves are formed, and the fact that the log sleeves
are integrally formed with a web of corrugated paperboard which is
surface adhered to the immediately above lying structure. A blow
delivered by the front edges of the forks of a fork lift truck
against the unwindowed parts of the sides of the log holder sleeves
by reason of an incorrect positioning of the fork for entry beneath
the pallet is strongly resisted by the sleeve structure and will,
except under the most severe circumstances, prevent separation of
the log and sleeve from the pallet.
Having now described my invention in connection with a particularly
illustrated embodiment thereof, it will be appreciated that
modifications and variations of the invention may now occur from
time to time to those persons normally skilled in the art without
departing from the essential scope or spirit of the invention, and
accordingly it is intended to claim the same broadly as well as
specifically as indicated by the appended claims.
* * * * *