U.S. patent number 3,626,837 [Application Number 05/011,053] was granted by the patent office on 1971-12-14 for dual plenum for ventilating ceilings in clean rooms.
This patent grant is currently assigned to CHS Industries Inc.. Invention is credited to Frank J. Calderbank, Michael H. Pelosi, Jr., James T. Wilson.
United States Patent |
3,626,837 |
Pelosi, Jr. , et
al. |
December 14, 1971 |
DUAL PLENUM FOR VENTILATING CEILINGS IN CLEAN ROOMS
Abstract
A bounded clean air space within a room is provided by a dual
plenum located directly above the clean air space, the plenum
formed of the pre-existing room ceiling, a lower plenum ceiling and
plenum walls, and divided into two chambers by a membrane, the
inner chamber being a supply chamber for providing clean air to the
clean air space, and the outer chamber providing a supply source
for air delivered through a slot extending around the periphery of
said lower plenum ceiling. An air curtain which laterally bounds
the clean air space is formed by the air supplied through the slot,
which air is removed through peripheral air openings at the bottom
of the room.
Inventors: |
Pelosi, Jr.; Michael H.
(Broomall, PA), Calderbank; Frank J. (Philadelphia, PA),
Wilson; James T. (Willingboro, NJ) |
Assignee: |
CHS Industries Inc.
(Conshohocken, PA)
|
Family
ID: |
21748663 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/011,053 |
Filed: |
February 13, 1970 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
454/187;
454/189 |
Current CPC
Class: |
F24F
9/00 (20130101); F24F 3/16 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
F24F
9/00 (20060101); F24F 3/16 (20060101); F24f
009/00 () |
Field of
Search: |
;98/40,36,33A,115SB,4D |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Foreign Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Perlin; Meyer
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. A system for providing a clean space freely accessible from
without, comprising:
a room having a ceiling, a floor, and sidewalls, which encompass
and define said room;
a second ceiling, suspended from said ceiling and being perforated
and of smaller area than said ceiling;
connecting means for supporting said second ceiling from said
ceiling;
a plenum wall displaced from and encompassing said second ceiling
and extending from the level of said second ceiling to said
ceiling, said plenum wall cooperating with said ceiling and said
second ceiling to form a plenum;
membrane means, connected from said ceiling within said plenum to
the periphery of said second ceiling, for dividing said plenum into
an outer plenum chamber and an inner plenum chamber;
slot means between said second ceiling and said plenum wall, and
encompassing said second ceiling and engaging said outer plenum
chamber, for providing an outlet for air from said outer plenum
chamber; first air supply means for providing air under pressure
into said outer plenum chamber; and
air return means at the lower part of said room for drawing and
maintaining said air in a high velocity flow downward from said
slot, thereby forming a continuous air curtain laterally
surrounding a space within said room, said space being bounded
above by said second ceiling and below by said floor.
2. The system as described in claim 1, wherein said air return
means comprises intake grills located peripherally at the bottom of
said sidewalls.
3. The system as described in claim 1, comprising a third ceiling
at the level of said second ceiling and extending from said plenum
wall to said sidewalls, said second and third ceilings together
completely encompassing the lateral cross section of said room.
4. The system as described in claim 1, wherein said second ceiling
is placed at the center of said room, and said clean space is
centered in said room and encompasses a space substantially less
than that of said room.
5. The system as described in claim 1, wherein said second ceiling
contains perforations, and comprising second air supply means for
supplying clean air into said inner plenum chamber and through said
perforated ceiling into said clean space, and said air return means
comprises ducts for recirculation of the combined air supplied from
said inner and outer plenum chambers.
6. The system as described in claim 5, wherein said sidewalls are
hollow, which hollow sidewalls form part of said air return means
and function as ducts carrying said combined air for
recirculation.
7. The system as described in claim 1 wherein said slot means
comprises spacers between the periphery of said second ceiling and
said plenum wall.
8. The system as described in claim 1 wherein said connecting means
for supporting said second ceiling comprises T-bars connected to
said ceiling by wires.
9. The apparatus as described in claim 1, wherein said membrane
means converges downwardly and outwardly toward said plenum wall.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
This invention lies in the field of clean room systems and, more
particularly, means for providing an air curtain laterally
surrounding a clean space within said room and means for providing
clean air to such space.
2. Description of the Prior Art
In present day technology, there is an increasing need for clean
rooms supplied with a downflow of air at a relatively low velocity,
and for providing such a clean room area in a relatively small
space within a larger preexisting room, with free access to the
inner clean room space. In many applications, such as hospitals and
industrial laboratories, the clean area can be confined to a
limited space, making it theoretically unnecessary to provide the
high volume of clean air which would be necessary to maintain the
entire room in a clean state. A system for ventilating and
maintaining clean a portion of a room is shown in U. S. Pat. No.
3,380,369, issued to Claes Gustaf Allander on Apr. 30, 1968. The
Allander system provides that a portion of the total air supply to
the room is directed to a peripheral slot in the ceiling thereof
encompassing the extreme outer limits of the desired clean space,
with return air ducts placed along the lower edges of the walls of
the room, thereby creating a high velocity air curtain which
effectively partitions the larger space of the room into an inner
clean area and an outer uncontrolled, or dirty area. The remaining
portion of total air supply is introduced through a perforated
ceiling into the central area, which is then fed with downflow air
at a relatively low velocity. In this system, contaminants from the
outer area cannot reach the central area since they are aspirated
into the high velocity peripheral air curtain and carried downward
and out through the return air grills, while any contaminant
particles generated within the clean area are carried downward by
the low velocity air.
The practical difficulty with the system as described in the patent
to Allander lies in adapting it to an existing room. It is
difficult, if not impossible, in most cases to have the air supply
slot means extending through the ceiling. Further, room ceilings
are of varying heights, and placement of the slot within the
existing ceiling would constrain the design engineer with respect
to the required pressure in order to obtain the desired flow rate.
Accordingly, it is desirable to provide the air supply slot means
in a position below the preexisting ceiling, and to provide an
economical and easily installed dual plenum in the space between
the preexisting ceiling and the slot means, the outer chamber
providing for introduction of the air through the slot means to
form the air curtain, and the inner chamber providing for
introduction of the low velocity clean air.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
It is a purpose of this invention to provide an efficient, simple,
inexpensive, and easily installed plenum extending downwardly from
the ceiling of a room, which plenum provides an efficient
ventilating system which utilizes a minimum of space.
It is another purpose of this invention to provide separate inner
and outer air chambers within one plenum, the outer chamber feeding
a slot encompassing the lower periphery of the plenum.
It is a further purpose of this invention to provide a closed loop
airflow system utilizing two air supply sources fed by a common air
return.
It is a further purpose of this invention to provide means to
control the quality of air cleanliness in a central space of a
preexisting room, while allowing for free access to such space.
It is a further purpose of this invention to maintain only a
limited space within a room as a clean space, thereby reducing the
cost and size of the required clean air equipment.
Accordingly, this invention provides for a plenum connected to the
ceiling of a room, said plenum being divided into an inner and
outer chamber by an airtight membrane, the downward side of said
plenum being perforated, and spaced from the plenum sidewalls so as
to provide a slot encompassing such downward side, said slot being
in connection with and fed by air introduced into said outer plenum
chamber, the air passing through said slot cooperating with
peripheral air return means at the bottom of the room to provide an
air curtain encompassing a space in the room below said plenum.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 shows an elevation view of a preexisting room having a dual
plenum connected to the ceiling thereof, with a diagrammatic
representation of the air flow in the room.
FIG. 2 is a plan view taken from the plane indicated 2--2 in FIG.
1.
FIG. 3 is a detailed view of the connections at the peripheral
slot.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
Referring now to FIG. 1, an elevation view of a room is shown
having a ceiling 20, sidewalls 21, and a floor 22. Suspended from
the ceiling, preferably from the center thereof, are plenum walls
25 which may be supported by brackets 26. Plenum wall 25, as seen
in FIG. 2, encompasses a closed space. It may be of any contour,
but preferably of the same contour as the room in which placed,
e.g., of a rectangular contour for a typical rectangular room.
Suspended from the ceiling 20 and placed within the lower edge of
plenum wall 25 is the downward member of the plenum, referred to as
plenum ceiling 27, typically comprised of perforated panels
suspended by T-bars which in turn are attached to ceiling 20 by
wires. Ceiling 27 is perforated to permit flow of air therethrough,
and in combination with plenum wall 25 and the enclosed portion of
ceiling 20 forms a plenum 28. The space confined by plenum 28 in
relation to the overall room can be adjusted to suit the needs of
the particular application, with plenum ceiling 27 designed
according to the height at which it is desired to introduce clean
air into the portion of the room directly below it, and the surface
area of the plenum ceiling 27 being designed to accommodate that
inner portion of the room below which is to be maintained in a
clean state.
The separation between plenum ceiling 27 and plenum wall 25 forms
an air slot 30 which extends in a closed loop around the periphery
of plenum ceiling 27. A membrane 31 is connected at the slot to the
outside of plenum ceiling 27, and extends upwardly and inwardly to
the ceiling 20 where it is attached, thereby separating plenum 28
into two chambers, an inner plenum 33 and an outer plenum 34. The
membrane 31 is preferably of fabric which can be attached easily
and conveniently, and provide an airtight separation of the two
chambers. As shown in FIG. 3, the membrane may be connected to a
steel channel 40 by a U-shaped metal or plastic retainer 41, the
steel channel 40 in turn being connected to plenum ceiling 27. A
plurality of spacers 42 may be used to maintain the slot between
plenum ceiling 27 and the plenum wall 25. The membrane may be
connected to the ceiling 20 by any conventional means which affects
an airtight connection.
Air is introduced into the inner plenum chamber 33 through one or
more clean air distributors 45, the number and location of such
distributors being determined in accordance with the size of the
plenum chamber, and the total of flow rate required. The air which
is brought in through the distributors 45 under pressure, is
effectively converted by the perforated ceiling into a low velocity
downward flow, typically of 20 cubic feet per minute per square
foot. Outer plenum chamber 34 is supplied with air under pressure
by ducts 46, the air under pressure being channeled through slot 30
which effectively acts as an orifice which converts the air
pressure into velocity, producing a jet of downward air surrounding
the periphery of plenum ceiling 27.
Located at the bottom of the room, preferably in sidewalls 21 just
adjacent to the floor 22, is a peripheral return air opening 50
which enters into the hollow interior of walls 21, providing a
return path for the air from duct 30, as well as for the air that
has passed through plenum ceiling 27. The arrows, as shown in FIG.
1, indicate directions of airflow. The air is returned upward
through the hollow interior of walls 21 and fed into return air
ducts 55 mounted just below ceiling 20. The ducts 55, which extend
continuously around the perimeter of the room, feed into a
collection duct 56 which is connected to one or more fans which
clean and purify the air prior to resupplying same to the two
plenum chambers.
In operation, air which is to be introduced into the clean space is
purified to the desired degree and introduced through sleeves 48
into distributors 45, which in turn distribute the air throughout
inner plenum 33, from whence it passes downwards into the clean
space below. Simultaneously, air is provided under pressure to
outer chamber 34, which is emitted through slot 30 downward at a
relatively high velocity. The closed path between slot 30 and
return air opening 50 gives rise to an air curtain which surrounds
and defines a clean space 60 bounded laterally by the air curtain,
above by plenum ceiling 27, and below by floor 22. Both the clean
air and the air which provides the air curtain are channeled
through peripheral opening 50 up the hollow interior of walls 21
through return air ducts 55 to collection duct 56, and thence
through fans and conditioners not shown back to the two chambers of
the plenum.
In practice, it will frequently be desirable to add an outer
ceiling 62, generally on the same level as plenum ceiling 27,
thereby creating space 65 surrounding the plenum. Space 65 may be
used to provide additional space for location of normal building
facilities such as piping, wiring, plumbing, etc., and for supports
for lights or other apparatus as desired. Outer ceiling 62
preferably is comprised of panels of the same material as comprise
plenum ceiling 27, and is designed such that plenum ceiling 27 and
outer ceiling 62 give the appearance of a continuous ceiling,
interrupted only by slot 30.
It is seen from the above that the system as thus described is
adaptable to any preexisting room, and can be designed to
accommodate any three dimensional space within such room. By
dividing the plenum with a one-piece flexible membrane, two
airtight chambers are provided, one central and one peripheral, so
as to separately supply relatively high velocity and relatively low
velocity air for the air curtain and clean area respectively.
* * * * *