U.S. patent number 3,626,833 [Application Number 04/831,685] was granted by the patent office on 1971-12-14 for liquid developing apparatus.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Addressograph-Multigraph Corporation. Invention is credited to Robert M. Koch.
United States Patent |
3,626,833 |
Koch |
December 14, 1971 |
LIQUID DEVELOPING APPARATUS
Abstract
A roller-type developing apparatus with a wiping control for
developing sensitized materials. The roller arrangement includes at
least an applicator roller and a pressure-applying member in
contacting engagement forming a developing zone. The wiping control
is a rod coated with fluorocarbon plastic or a fluorocarbon coated
blade that wipes controlled amounts of fluid from the applicator
roll which has a surface finish smoothness expressed in terms of
the average depth of the depressions or recesses formed therein, in
microinches. An applicator roll having a smoothness of from 10-200
microinches centerline average smoothness (or roughness), together
with the fluorocarbon plastic coated wiping control, applies less
than 3.0 grams liquid per square meter of the copy sheet.
Inventors: |
Koch; Robert M. (Wheaton,
IL) |
Assignee: |
Addressograph-Multigraph
Corporation (Cleveland, OH)
|
Family
ID: |
27125437 |
Appl.
No.: |
04/831,685 |
Filed: |
June 9, 1969 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
Issue Date |
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606178 |
Dec 30, 1966 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
396/608;
15/256.51; 118/262; 118/261; 396/606 |
Current CPC
Class: |
G03D
5/067 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
G03D
5/00 (20060101); G03D 5/06 (20060101); G03d
005/06 () |
Field of
Search: |
;95/89,89R,89L
;118/113,120,261,262 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Matthews; Samuel S.
Assistant Examiner: Braun; Fred L.
Parent Case Text
This is a continuation-in-part of copending patent application Ser.
No. 606,178, filed Dec. 30, 1966 now abandoned.
Claims
I claim:
1. In a developing apparatus of the type in which a liquid
developing medium from a supply source is applied to an exposed
latent image bearing copy sheet, in amounts not exceeding 3.0 grams
per square meter, comprising applicator roller means having a
smooth nonporous resilient layer whose surface has a centerline
average smoothness in the range of 10-200 microinches and being
associated with said supply source for carrying a quantity of
developing medium on its surface,
means establishing a developing zone including roller means in
pressure contact with said applicator surface,
wiper means including a wiper surface in contact with the surface
of said applicator roller means as it emerges from said supply
source and before said surface enters said developing zone for
reducing the quantity of liquid carried in the applicator roller
surface to a predetermined level, said wiper means comprising
holding means for rotatably supporting a wiper rod against said
roller, said holding means being received in a channel member
equipped with adjusting means for aligning said rod against said
applicator roller,
The improvement wherein said wiper means is provided with a
fluorocarbon plastic surface.
2. The apparatus as defined in claim 1, wherein said fluorocarbon
plastic is a tetrafluoroethylene polymer.
3. The apparatus as defined in claim 1, wherein said fluorocarbon
is a trifluorochloroethylene polymer.
4. In an apparatus for developing light-sensitive sheet material by
the application to the sheet of an amount of a developer liquid not
in excess of 3 grams per square meter, the combination
comprising:
first and second roller means in driving engagement with each other
forming a transfer zone along the line of contact therebetween,
said second roller means being a nonporous resilient carrier
surface having randomly formed recesses of varying depths and sizes
whose centerline average smoothness is in the range of 10-200
microinches, capable of retaining a controlled amount of said
developer liquid thereon,
means for applying to a portion of said carrier surface an excess
amount of developer liquid,
wiper means in biased engagement against said second roller means
forming substantially a line contact therewith as said roller
emerges from said means for applying said excess liquid and before
said roller surface enters said transfer zone, wiping excess liquid
from said carrier surface, which wiper means comprises a
substantially flat, flexible blade member, having a fluorocarbon
plastic wiping surface causing said blade member to be bent into an
arcuate shape whereby said blade member makes tangential contact
with the second roller along its surface.
5. In a developing apparatus of the type in which a liquid
developing medium from a supply source is applied to an exposed
latent image bearing copy sheet, in amounts not exceeding 3.0 grams
per square meter, applicator roller means having a smooth nonporous
resilient carrier surface having randomly formed recesses of
varying depths and sizes whose centerline average smoothness is in
the range of 10-200 microinches, and being associated with said
supply source for carrying a quantity of the developing medium on
said surface,
means establishing a developing zone including roller means in
pressure contact with said applicator surface,
wiper means including a wiping surface in contact with the surface
of said applicator roller means as it emerges from said supply
source and before said surface enters said developing zone for
reducing the quantity of liquid carried on said surface to a
predetermined level, said wiper means comprising an elongated rod
and driving means for imparting oscillatory rotational movement to
said rod, the improvement wherein said wiper means is provided with
a fluorocarbon plastic wiping surface.
6. In a developing apparatus of the type in which a liquid
developing medium from a supply source is applied to an exposed
latent image bearing copy sheet in amounts not to exceed 3 grams
per square meter of the surface thereof, applicator roller means
having a smooth nonporous resilient layer whose surface has a
center line average smoothness in the range of 10-200 microinches
and being associated with said supply source for carrying a
quantity of the developing medium on said surface,
means establishing a developing zone including roller means in
pressure contact with said applicator surface,
wiper means including a wiping surface in contact with the surface
of said applicator roller means as it emerges from said supply
source and before said surface enters said developing zone for
reducing the quantity of liquid carried on the applicator roller
surface to a predetermined level, said wiper means comprising a
resilient blade member extending longitudinally in a direction
parallel to the applicator roller axis and biased thereagainst,
forming an arcuately shaped wiping surface, and
drive means for imparting reciprocating motion to the blade member
in a direction parallel to the axis of rotation of said applicator
roller,
the improvement wherein said wiper means is provided with a
fluorocarbon plastic wiping surface.
7. In an apparatus for developing light-sensitive sheet material by
the application to the sheet of an amount of developer liquid not
in excess of 3 grams per square meter, the combination
comprising:
pressure-applying means;
roller means in driving engagement with said pressure-applying
means for forming a transfer zone along a line of contact
therebetween, said roller means including a nonporous resilient
carrier surface having randomly formed recesses of varying depths
and sizes whose centerline average smoothness is in the range of
10-200 microinches capable of retaining a controlled amount of said
developer liquid thereon;
means for applying to a portion of said carrier surface an excess
amount of developer liquid,
wiper means biased against said roller means forming substantially
a line contact therewith as said roller emerges from said means for
applying said excess liquid and before said roller surface enters
said transfer zone, said wiper means comprising a flexible blade
member having a fluorocarbon plastic wiping surface, said blade
member being biased against said roller means so that said blade is
arcuately shaped so as to make tangential contact with said roller
surface.
8. Apparatus as claimed in claim 7 wherein said pressure applying
means includes a roller member mounted in driving engagement with
said roller means.
9. Apparatus as claimed in claim 7 wherein said pressure-applying
means is a blade.
10. In an apparatus for developing light-sensitive sheet material
by the application thereto of an amount of developer liquid not in
excess of 3 grams per square meter, the combination comprising:
pressure-applying means;
roller means in driving engagement with said pressure-applying
means for forming a transfer zone along a line of contact
therebetween, said roller means including a nonporous resilient
carrier surface having randomly formed recesses of varying depths
and sizes whose centerline average smoothness is in the range of
10-200 microinches capable of retaining a controlled amount of said
developer liquid thereon;
means for applying to a portion of said carrier surface an excess
amount of developer liquid,
wiper means biased against said roller means forming substantially
a line contact therewith as said applicator roller emerges from
said means for applying said excess liquid and before said roller
surface enters said transfer zone, said wiper means comprising an
elongated rod as the liquid wiping element and mounting means for
rotatably mounting said rod for imparting rotational movement
thereto and in contact with said applicator roller, the improvement
comprising wherein the surface of said rod is provided with a
fluorocarbon plastic layer.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to photocopying and, more particularly, to a
developing apparatus for developing light-sensitive sheet material
by applying, in printing fashion, precise, metered quantities of
liquid developer so that the copy sheet emerges from the
development processing dry to the touch.
Known diazo reproduction processes may be classified into two main
groups, namely, moist and ammonia or dry, as based on the
conditions necessary to develop the exposed light-sensitive
material. The well-known moist process requires the application of
sufficient amounts of developing liquid, which are normally low in
concentration of the active ingredients, and any excess liquid is
squeegeed off and the sheet dried. Ammonia machines, which are
generally known as the dry diazo process, require ventilation to
the outside in order to remove the strong ammonia fumes.
Consequently, the well-known diazotype processes have certain
inherent disadvantages that detract from their being used more
widely in office copying installations where the economics of the
diazo processes are important and could be more fully realized.
The disadvantages inherent in known diazotype developing processes
resulting in the need for exhaust equipment or the use of a drying
chamber to remove excess moisture have been obviated by the novel
apparatus of this invention in which a controlled amount of
developer liquid is applied to the surface of the light-exposed
copy sheet carrying a latent diazo image thereon. The apparatus
applies, in printing fashion, only the precise amount of a highly
concentrated developer liquid necessary to get a dense dye image
rapidly, eliminating the necessity of drying the copy after
development.
An extremely thin film of developer is printed onto the copy sheet
at a rate of less than 3.0 grams per square meter. The application
of the developer must understandably be uniform across the copy
sheet surface in order to guarantee the formation of a uniform
azo-dye image. The details of the method of development embodying
this liquid control process and the materials therefor are
described in detail in U.S. Pat. No. 3,446,620, issued May 27,
1969, in the name of Konrad Parker, and assigned to the same
assignee as the instant application.
The principal advantage obtained by the use of such a developing
method is that the copy paper emerges immediately after development
in a dry-to-the-touch condition. Other advantages are realized in
employing the developing apparatus of this invention in that the
photocopying machines are extremely simple to operate, odor-free,
and quite compact obviating the need for exhaust or drying
equipment such as may be necessary to render the sheet sufficiently
dry for handling as it emerges from the equipment.
Conventional liquid application techniques are incapable of putting
down the precise small amounts of liquid necessary for development
onto the paper. Usually, the heretofore known roller application
techniques apply an excess of the developing liquid requiring
subsequent drying. One such arrangement uses an applicator roller
which has a specially designed roller having a pattern formed along
the surface thereof. A quantity of developer fluid much greater
than the maximum quantity used in the instant invention, in the
neighborhood of 7.5 to 8.5 grams per square meter, is applied by
the roller to a copy sheet. Because of the application of
relatively large quantities of fluid, the copy requires drying to
complete the process. Another problem with prior art systems is
uniformity of application and evenness of development.
This is very important and normally difficult to achieve with the
small quantities of developer fluid used in the invention. In fact,
it is believed that in an arrangement of the type above described,
wherein a particular pattern is provided on the roller surface, the
use of a quantity of developer fluid on the order of 3.0 grams per
square meter or below, would very likely result in the printing of
the pattern of the roller surface on the sensitized copy sheet.
Thus, it can be seen that the roller surface is indeed
important.
It has been found that in order to achieve the high degree of
liquid control, the roller assembly must include an applicator roll
whose surface is ground to a particular finish such that precise
amounts of fluid can be retained or carried thereon. In addition to
the surface characteristics, the applicator roll is operated in
conjunction with a mechanical wiper against its surface creating a
wiping zone to provide the finite metering and guarantee uniformity
of application.
Paper lint tends to be entrapped at the wiping zone and measures
must be taken to free the wiping zone of the lint in order to
assure high quality streak-free development of the copy sheet. In
the copending application of Rabb, et al., Ser. No. 606,332 filed
Dec. 10, 1966, and now abandoned, assigned to the same assignee, a
developing apparatus is disclosed which effectively applies the
precise amount of liquid required to improve the operation of this
device. The wiping means of this invention, the construction of
which is disclosed in the above-mentioned application, is coated
with a plastic material to which the paper lint does not adhere and
which virtually insures that the paper lint will under no
circumstances be entrapped at the wiping zone of the developing
apparatus.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
It is the principal object of the present invention to provide a
developing apparatus that applies liquid developer to the surface
of a copy sheet in a consistently controlled and uniform manner in
amounts sufficient to develop the paper without applying a large
excess of liquid.
Another object of this invention is to provide a roller assembly
developing apparatus capable of applying less than 3 grams of
liquid per square meter to the paper uniformly.
It is a further object of this invention to provide a developing
apparatus which eliminates interference from paper lint, thereby
assuring prolonged streak-free, uniform development of copying
material by employing wiping means having a nonpaper adhering
wiping surface.
A preferred embodiment of a developing apparatus of this invention
comprises a train of two or more rollers in driving engagement with
one another, with one of the rollers being immersed in a supply
reservoir of the liquid developing medium. One of the rollers in
the train is an applicator roller which is in communication with
the liquid supply reservoir, either directly or indirectly, and is
adapted to receive and carry on its surface limited quantities of
the developer liquid. Against the surface of the applicator roll,
at a point upstream from where it receives the developer liquid
from the supply source, there is placed a mechanical wiper
extending longitudinally along its surface and parallel to the axis
of rotation of applicator roll for the purpose of metering the
liquid. The wiper has a wiping surface formed of a fluorocarbon
plastic that insures that paper lint will not be entrapped at the
wiping zone. Accurate control of the amount of liquid carried on
the applicator roll surface is achieved through a proper surface
finish in combination with the mechanical wiper. The roller has
extremely small, randomly formed recesses in its surface created by
grinding the surface to a predetermined finish so that only a
slight excess of liquid is retained which is then metered to the
desired amount by the action of the mechanical wiper. A pressure
applying means, taking the form of a second roller, is in driving
engagement with the applicator roll so as to form a developing zone
along the line of contact therebetween beyond the point at which
the mechanical wiping takes place on the roller surface. The
applicator roll after it passes the wiping station retained only
the desired amount of developer prescribed for proper development
and releases this controlled amount when brought into pressure
contact with the copy paper that is caused to pass through the
developing zone. In effect, the developer carried in the surface of
the applicator roller is printed onto the copy paper as the latter
passes through the developing zone in pressure contact with the
roller.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
For a better understanding of this invention as well as the objects
and other features, reference will be had to the following detailed
description which is to be read in conjunction with the drawings
wherein:
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of one embodiment of this invention
employing a rotatable wiping rod device;
FIG. 2 is an enlarged detail view schematically illustrating the
action of the mechanical wiping means in operation against the
applicator roll surface;
FIG. 3 is a side elevational view, partially broken away, showing
another embodiment of this invention employing a wiping rod device
that is continually driven;
FIG. 4 is a side elevational view, partially broken away, showing
still another embodiment of this invention employing an oscillating
wiping rod device;
FIG. 5 is a plan view of another embodiment of this invention
employing a reciprocally mounted blade-type wiping device;
FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view taken along line 6--6 of FIG.
5;
FIG. 6A is an enlarged detailed view schematically illustrating
another embodiment employing a pressure blade and a wiping blade
member in operation against the applicator roller surface.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Referring to FIGS. 1 and 2, there is shown one embodiment of the
developing apparatus of this invention generally indicated as 10
including an applicator roll 12, a pressure roller 14, each carried
by shafts 16 and 18, respectively, with the periphery of roller 12
made of a smooth, nonporous resilient material, such as rubber,
forming an exterior carrier surface 20 having irregular depressions
21, of varying depths and sizes, (FIG. 2). The applicator roll 12
is partially submerged in a reservoir 22 containing a supply of
developer liquid 24. A wiping assembly secured to the reservoir 22
identified generally as 26 extends longitudinally along the length
of roller 12 and is carried on a platform 25. The rollers 12 and 14
are rotatably mounted in any suitable bearing means (not shown)
being driven with conventional motor-driving means (not shown) to
provide rotation as indicated.
The wiping assembly 26 includes a U-shaped channel 30 secured to
the platform 25 by fasteners 31. Slidably disposed within the
U-shaped channel 30 is a bearing bar 32 corresponding in length to
the length of the applicator roll and having a V-grooved lead edge
portion 34. The V-grooved portion 34 serves as a bearing surface in
which is rotatably supported a cylindrically shaped elongated rod
36 having an extended portion 37 which is integral with a bellcrank
37a.
The rod 36 has an inner metal core 36b and an outer fluorocarbon
plastic shell 36a. Because of the nonadhesive character of the
plastic, paper lint does not stick to the rod 36 and is not
entrapped in the wiping zone. The thickness of the shell 36a is not
critical, however, the optimum thickness is in the range of from
1-5 mils. The preferred fluorocarbon plastics are
tetrafluoroethylene polymer, sold under the trade name "Teflon,"
and trifluorochloroethylene polymer, sold under the trade name
"Kel-F," the former being especially successful.
The bearing bar 32 is fittingly received within the U-shaped
channel 30 being adapted to move in a direction normal to the
longitudinal direction of the channel. A plurality of springs 38
are spaced at intervals along the inside of the channel 30 which
tend to bias the bearing bar 32 outward from the channel 30 against
the roller 12. The action of the springs 38 also serves to align
the bearing bar 32 into a substantial line of pressure contact with
the surface 20 along the entire extent of the roller 12.
Roller 12 has a diameter substantially greater than the diameter of
the rod 36. The ratio of the roll diameter to rod diameter may be
in the range of 5:1 to 20:1, and preferably is in the order of 6:1
to 10:1. It will be appreciated that the greater the ratio the
greater will be the tendency to achieve substantial line contact at
the wiping zone along the line of contact between the rod 36 and
the surface 20. The instant mechanical wiping arrangement requires
only the nominal directional force applied by the springs 38 in
order to provide the necessary pressure to wipe the excess
developer from the surface 20 without causing any injury or undue
wear to the carrier surface.
Rod 36 is rotated independently of the rotation of the roller 12.
The low coefficient of friction between the surface 20 and the rod
36 results in slippage between the two cylindrical surfaces. In
general, the lubricity of the developing liquid involved permits
the rod to slide, without rotating, over the surface of the roll
and hence without causing noticeable wear or injury to the finish
of the surface 20. The coefficient of friction between the rod 36
and the V-grooved portion 34 is greater than the frictional force
between the rod 36 and the surface 20, hence the rod remains
stationary.
Entrapped paper lint must be clear of the wiping zone, otherwise
resulting in streaked copies due to the uneven wiping of the
developer from the surface of the applicator roll. Manual rotation
of the bellcrank handle 37a rotates the rod 36, thereby freeing-up
the paper lint and providing a clean wiping rod face to the surface
20.
As the roller 12 leaves the wiping zone it carries on its surface
the amount of liquid developer necessary to develop the latent
image into an azo-dye image of suitable density. The area of
contact between the rollers 12 and 14 forms a developing zone 39 in
which the developer liquid is transferred under pressure from the
surface of the roller 12 to the latent image-bearing surface of the
copy sheet.
A preferred applicator roll is fabricated of a natural or
synthetic, rubber, nonporous compound molded to a solid metal core.
Rollers made from Buna-N type synthetic rubber compound have been
eminently successful. The natural rubber compound polyisoprene may
be used as well as such synthetic rubber compounds as styrene
butadiene, polybutadiene and isobutylene isoprene. In order to
function as an applicator roll the rubber hardness should be in the
range of 40-60 durometer units, preferable 50-55 units. (units
expressed in Shore A)
The texture or finish of the applicator roll is extremely important
to the successful operation of the developing apparatus of this
invention. The amount of developer liquid retained on the surface
20 and hence carried to the developing zone is dependent on its
surface characteristics. It has been found that the surface best
suited for carrying the proper amount of liquid to the developing
zone 39 is one comprised of randomly formed recesses of varying
depths and sizes providing a predetermined degree of average
centerline smoothness expressed in terms of microinches in depth to
be discussed in greater detail hereinafter. An applicator roller
having the proper surface characteristics gives a smooth appearance
to the naked eye as well as to the touch. This is not, however, a
test which permits one to distinguish an acceptable from a
nonacceptable applicator roller. The differences in the surfaces of
applicator rollers can be illustrated under a scanning electron
microscope and, as will be explained hereinafter, can be shown
clearly through the use of a surface testing device known as a
Tallysurf Instrument, Model 4, manufactured by the Rank
Organization of England.
Referring to FIG. 2, there is shown a schematic representation of
the surface 20 of the applicator roll 12 formed of the small
recesses 21. Small amounts of liquid 24 cover the surface of the
roll filling the numerous recesses or craters 21 and adhering
thereto. As the resilient surface passes beneath the wiping rod 36,
the amount of liquid overflowing the depressions 21 is wiped off
and only the amount of liquid below the general outer surface is
delivered to the developing zone.
The aforementioned surface characteristics are correlative to the
degree of smoothness of the surface. If the surface is too rough,
it is indicative of too large depressions which tend to retain too
much fluid and, hence, render the mechanical wiping means
ineffective as a control. Too smooth a surface will carry an
insufficient amount of fluid for adequate development. The limits
of fluid application reside between 0.5 grams to 3.0 grams per
square meter of the copy paper.
In determining the suitability of a particular finish, a
surface-testing apparatus identified above as a Tallysurf
Instrument Model 4, was employed. The Tallysurf instrument was
chosen for use in identifying the carrier surface of an applicator
roll according to the invention since the instrument provides
meaningful data which can be used to distinguish roller surfaces
that fall within or without a workable range of average center line
smoothness; those falling outside of the range providing either too
little or too great a quantity of developer fluid to copy material
to be developed. It will be recognized that other techniques can
also be used for characterizing the surface of the roller. However,
it will be appreciated that what is intended to be defined is the
smoothness (roughness) of the surface of the roller necessary to
give the liquid application control, independent of the technique
for measuring the surface characteristics of the roller. The
Tallysurf Instrument used quantitatively measures the profile of
the surface and gives an average value of the depth of the recesses
comprising the surface. The instrument utilizes a diamond-tipped
stylus having a radius of 0.0005 inch bearing on the test surface
with a force of about 0.1 grams and traverses approximately
one-half inch across the surface at a constant rate of speed. The
direction of the path of the stylus is along a line generally
parallel to the roller axis. As the stylus rides over the surface,
it senses irregularities producing an electrical signal whose
magnitude corresponds to the depth of the recess. Electrical
signals are received by a calibrated unit that provides an
integrated numerical roughness measurement, that is, the centerline
average roughness (smoothness) at a given wavelength cutoff; the
wavelength cutoff being dependent on the nature of the surface
being tested. The wavelength cutoff value under test conditions is
0.030 inch.
The following is an example of a test series wherein a number of
rollers of different surface smoothness were evaluated on the
Tallysurf, Model 4, Instrument.
ROLLERS 1 2 3 4 5
__________________________________________________________________________
Average Center 24 27 39 150 318 Line Smoothers (Microinches) Range
of 0.5 0.6 0.75 2.5 5.4 Fluid Applied to to to to to
(Grams/Meter.sup.2) 1.2 1.85 2.0 3.5 6.0
__________________________________________________________________________
The above chart illustrates the increased amount of fluid applied
by developing apparatus according to the invention during the
developing process using applicator rollers having increasingly
rough surfaces. It should be noted that for each applicator roller
there is listed a range of developer fluid application. To explain,
the lower reading of the range indicates the fluid applied by the
apparatus with the wiper control at maximum contact pressure
against the applicator roller surface and the upper reading with
the wiper control placed in contact with the roller surface at a
minimum pressure. The fluid range shown for each roller may further
be explained because of the fact that the fluid applied by
developing apparatus according to the invention may also be varied
by changing the type of wiper control (i.e., rod or blade); the
blade applying lesser amounts of fluid than the rod for a given
contact pressure. While it has been shown that in fluid application
are thus possible, it should be noted that roller number 5 has a
surface roughness such that any variation in wiper control pressure
or wiper control structure is unable to bring the amount of fluid
applied by developing apparatus within the limits; (i.e., less than
3.0 grams/meter.sup.2 ) of the invention, indicating again that it
is the surface characteristics of the applicator roller which are
critical to the application of the developing fluid.
It has been concluded that an applicator roller having a center
line average smoothness in the range of 10-200 microinches as
measured on the Tallysurf, Model 4 instrument described, provides a
satisfactory finish according to the invention. Preferably the
roller surface of an applicator roller used in developing apparatus
according to the invention has a surface smoothness in the range of
15-100 microinches.
After the surface of the roller 20 passes the mechanical wiping
station, as shown in FIG. 2, that portion of the surface passing
upstream of the rod 36 has metered thereon the required amount of
fluid which is then carried to the developing zone 39 which is
formed along the line of contact between the rollers 12 and 14. A
latent image bearing diazotype copy sheet is developed by feeding
the material into the nip of the rollers 12 and 14 so that the
latent image bearing surface of the copy sheet makes contact with
the surface 20. The roller 14 preferably made of a highly polished
metal, such as, for example, stainless steel, is used to supply
enough pressure at the developing zone to insure intimate contact
between the sheet material being developed and the surface 20,
whereby the developing fluid is printed onto the copy sheet. Other
pressure-applying means, such as, for example, a blade member, may
be used to form the developing zone, with equally good results to
be described in greater detail hereinafter.
Referring to FIG. 3, there is shown another embodiment of a
developing apparatus, identified generally as 40, similar in
construction to the aforedescribed apparatus. The apparatus 40
utilizes a two-roller train, similar to the apparatus 10 and a
mechanical wiping assembly 52 in which the wiping rod is positively
driven to rotate with the rotation of the applicator roll.
The train of rollers in the apparatus 40 includes an applicator
roll 41 and a pressure roller 42 in contact therewith each mounted
on shafts 43 and 44, respectively. The applicator roller 41, having
a suitable carrier surface 20, comprised of depressions falling in
the range of 10-200 microinches, is disposed in a reservoir 48
containing the liquid developer 24. The wiping assembly 52 is
longitudinally disposed along the length of roller 41 being secured
to the reservoir 48 by means of threaded fasteners 54.
The wiping assembly 52 includes a rotatably mounted rod 36 having a
fluorocarbon outer shell which serves to wipe excess liquid from
the carrier surface 20. The roller 41 is rotatably suspended
intermediate the sidewall of reservoir 48 and roller 42 is
supported in any suitable bearing means (not shown) with the
pressure roller 42 being driven from its shaft 44 by a suitable
drive means (not shown).
The applicator roller 41 and the rod 36 are in driving connection
with one another through the gear train 58 and 60 which are
attached to the end of shaft 43 and an extension of the rod 36,
respectively. When roll 42 is driven it causes the applicator roll
to turn in the reservoir transmitting rotation through gears 58 and
60 to the rod which in turn is caused to rotate concurrent with the
operation of the developer apparatus. The diameter ratios of the
gears 58 and 60 are such that the rotational speed of the rod is in
the range of approximately one-third to two-thirds the speed of the
applicator roll, preferably about 1/2. The continual rotation of
the rod obviates the need for manually rotating the rod 36 in order
to clear it of any accumulated paper lint, thereby rendering the
developing apparatus of this embodiment more suited to continuous
and automated operation. The differential in lineal speed, that is,
the circumstance where the rod moves at a much slower rotational
speed, provides the wiping action necessary to insure effective
mechanical wiping or metering of the liquid. Alternately, the rod
36 can be provided with means to drive it counter to the rotation
of roller surface 20 insuring proper wiping action.
Referring to FIG. 4, there is shown still another embodiment of the
developing apparatus of this invention, indicated generally as 62.
The three-roller train developing apparatus 62 comprises an
immersion roller 64, a driven applicator roller 66, and a pressure
roller 68, all in driving engagement with one another being
rotatably mounted on shafts 70, 72 and 74, respectively. The
immersion roller 64 is rotatably suspended between the sidewalls of
the liquid developing reservoir 76 with its surface partially
immersed in the body of the developer liquid 24. The applicator
roll 66, having thereon a carrier surface 20, is in rolling contact
between immersion roller 64 and the pressure roller 68, the latter
being motor driven through its shaft 74 which transmits the rotary
motion to the entire train.
Associated with the applicator roll is a mechanical wiping assembly
82 which includes a wiping rod 36 provided with a fluorocarbon
plastic shell mounted longitudinally against said applicator roll
in a manner similar to the previously described embodiments. The
wiping assembly 82 in the instant embodiment includes a different
mode of eliminating the accumulation of paper lint calling for
periodic oscillation of the rod 36 during the operation of the
developing apparatus.
Fixed to the end of shaft 72 and rotatable therewith is a
heart-shaped cam 86, having cam face portions 87a and 87b which
impart the oscillating motion to the rod 84 through a cam follower
wheel 88 mounted on the follower arm 90 attached to the portion of
the rod 36 that extends beyond the roll 66. The follower wheel 88
is urged against the cam faces 87a and 87b by the biasing spring 92
stretched between the extension 94 of the follower arm and the wall
93 of the fluid reservoir 76. The spring 92 urges the arm 90 in a
direction towards the sidewall 93 and the stop 95 limits the arm
movement. Rotation of the roller 66 causes the heart-shaped cam 86
to turn in a clockwise direction. As the follower wheel 88 engages
the portion 87a of the cam face, the arm 90 rotates in a clockwise
direction pivoting about the axis of the rod 36 where the follower
arm is attached, thereby imparting clockwise rotary motion to the
rod. As wheel 88 moves off the cam face 87a to the face portion
87b, arm 90 being urged by the spring 92 to rotate in a
counterclockwise direction, the rod 36 is correspondingly rotated
in a counterclockwise direction. The oscillatory rod movement is
periodically repeated as the follower 88 moves from the one face
87a to the other face 87b. This periodic oscillation of the rod 36
provides a self-cleaning arrangement of the wiping assembly,
greatly enhanced by the fluoroplastic carbon coating, whereby the
accumulation of paper lint is eliminated from the wiping zone.
Referring to FIGS. 5 and 6, there is shown another embodiment of a
developing apparatus in which the mechanical wiping means employed
is a blade member formed of a flexible spring steel placed against
the applicator roll 100 (FIG. 6) which is one of a three-roll train
in which the immersion roller 102 is partially immersed in the
developer liquid 24 and the roller 106 is the pressure roller. The
train of rollers is mounted on shafts 108, 110 and 112,
respectively, being disposed between the side frames 114 and 116
(FIG. 5) extending upward from the sides of the developing
reservoir 118. The roller 100 is driven by the motor 119 through a
gear train 120, thereby transmitting rotational movement to the
other two rolls in the roller train.
The wiping assembly (FIG. 6) includes a blade 121 having a shaft
portion 122 and a fluorocarbon plastic wiping face 124. The wiping
face 124 makes direct contact with the surface of the roller 100.
The blade 121 is mounted on a carrier member 126 by means of
fasteners 128 leaving the face portion 124 free to engage the
surface of the roller 100 for wiping action thereagainst.
The carrier 126 is slidably received in the sidewalls 114 and 116
through a pair of sleeve bearing elements 130 and 132 (FIG. 5). A
spring 134, having one end attached to the carrier at a point lying
within the walls 114 and 116, and the other end affixed to the wall
114 biases the carrier in a lateral direction toward the wall 114.
The follower wheel 140, rotatable secured to one end of the bar
126, is urged against the cam face 138 by virtue of the biasing
action of the spring 134. The motor 136 is energized concurrent
with the roller drive motor 119 causing rotation of the cam 138
thereby imparting a lateral reciprocating motion to the carrier 126
as the follower wheel 140 engages the cam face 142 of the cam 138.
The carrier is fully distended when the cam 138 is in the dotted
outline position (FIG. 5).
This lateral reciprocating movement of the carrier 126 causes a
corresponding reciprocatory motion of the plastic face 124 of the
blade 121 with respect to the roller 100, which, together with the
rotary movement of the roller 100, serves to free up the wiping
zone of paper lint. Referring to FIG. 6A, the roller 102 is mounted
for rotation on shaft 108 and is shown partially immersed at the
developer liquid 24 contained in the reservoir 118. As the roller
102 rotates in a clockwise direction, its surface picks up an
amount of developer liquid and applies it to the driven applicator
roller 100, mounted for rotation on shaft 110, which is in rolling
contact with the roller 102. As the roller 100 rotates, it
encounters the wiper blade identified generally as 121, one surface
of which is coated with the fluorocarbon plastic 124. The blade 121
is mounted on a carrier member 126 by means of fasteners 128
leaving the coated surface portion 124 free to engage the surface
of the roller 100 for wiping action thereagainst.
Continued turning of the roller 100 brings its surface into contact
with the pressure blade identified generally as 150, having a face
portion 151 which makes contact with the surface of the roller 100.
The pressure blade 150 is mounted on a carrier member 154 by means
of fasteners 153. The path taken by the copy sheet containing the
latent image thereon is shown by the arrow in FIG. 6A. The copy
sheet is fed face down so that the latent image bearing surface
makes contact with the roller 100 as it passes between the roller
100 and the blade 150 with the back of the sheet making contact
with the blade surface 151, thereby urging the copy sheet against
the roller into intimate pressure contact therewith. The controlled
amount of liquid carried on the surface of the roller 100 is
applied to the latent image bearing surface in the developing zone
established between the roller 100 and the pressure blade 150.
It will be appreciated that the blade-type wiping mechanism offers
the advantage of requiring less precise fabrication in mounting of
the elements due to the flexibility of the metal employed. This
tends to simplify contact alignment problems between the wiper and
the roller. The flexible spring steel readily contacts the roller
surface, although the roller may be somewhat out-of-round which is
not too uncommon a condition of rubber materials.
Although the blade-type wiping device having a fluorocarbon plastic
wiping face 124 preferably is reciprocated as described, excellent
results are achieved when the blade is stationary.
The present invention has been described with reference to several
illustrative embodiments, it being the intention that they be
exemplary and not limiting of the scope of the invention and it is
further understood that other modifications and embodiments
relating to the movement control or mounting of the mechanical
wiping means involved may occur to those skilled in the art which
would come within the spirit and scope of the novel concepts of
this invention.
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