U.S. patent number 3,625,386 [Application Number 04/879,718] was granted by the patent office on 1971-12-07 for safety container assembly.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Research and Safety Devices Corporation. Invention is credited to Edward E. Schaefer.
United States Patent |
3,625,386 |
Schaefer |
December 7, 1971 |
SAFETY CONTAINER ASSEMBLY
Abstract
A safety container assembly having a specially constructed
closure member for the container opening comprising an extension
means which projects laterally beyond the edge of the container and
closure member for applying an upwardly axial force to the closure
member to effect removal of the closure member, with the extension
means being displaceable and adapted to be removed from the closure
member or enclosed within the periphery of the container to
increase the difficulty of removing the closure member from the
container opening. A groove or recess is also provided in the upper
end wall of the container which is adapted to enclose the lower end
of the closure member where it is desired to further increase the
difficulty of removing the closure member from the container
opening.
Inventors: |
Schaefer; Edward E. (Lake
Forest, IL) |
Assignee: |
Research and Safety Devices
Corporation (N/A)
|
Family
ID: |
25374742 |
Appl.
No.: |
04/879,718 |
Filed: |
November 25, 1969 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
215/215; 215/235;
215/302; 215/305; 215/316 |
Current CPC
Class: |
B65D
50/067 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
B65D
50/06 (20060101); B65D 50/00 (20060101); B46l
001/00 (); B65d 055/02 () |
Field of
Search: |
;215/9,55,46 |
Foreign Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Hall; George T.
Claims
I claim:
1. A container assembly comprising; a container body section with
an upper end wall section defining an opening which provides access
to the interior of said container, a closure member adapted when
operatively mounted on said container for closing said opening with
a lower end section thereof adapted to be frictionally held on said
upper end wall section against axial movement outwardly from said
upper end wall section, and displaceable extension means carried on
an outer surface portion of said closure member for applying an
upwardly acting force to said closure member for effecting moving
said closure member axially away from said upper end wall section
for removing said closure member from said container opening.
2. A container assembly as in claim 1, wherein said extension means
comprises a contoured upper surface of said closure member adapted
to having secured thereto a key member which forms a locking
engagement with said closure member while one end of said key
member extends transversely beyond the periphery of said closure
member.
3. A container assembly as in claim 2, wherein said means comprises
a transversely extending groove which is adapted to slidably
receive therein at least an end portion of said key member.
4. A container assembly as in claim 3, wherein said key member and
said groove are proportioned so that said key member is adapted to
be slidably moved in said groove with the opposite ends of said key
member disposed between the ends of said groove.
5. A container assembly as in claim 1, wherein said upper end wall
section of said container body section has formed in an end surface
thereof a groove encircling said opening, and said lower end
section of said closure member adapted to have the lower end
thereof enclosed within said groove when said closure member is
operatively mounted on said container body section.
6. A container assembly as in claim 5, wherein said lower end
section of said closure member comprising a cylindrical section is
enclosed within said groove when said closure member is operatively
mounted on said container body section.
7. A container assembly as in claim 5, wherein a portion of said
upper end wall section of said container body section forming an
outer wall of said groove is removed to form a lateral passage
extending into said groove.
8. A container assembly as in claim 7, wherein said closure member
is adapted to be rotated while operatively mounted on said upper
end wall section and has an integrally formed enlarged diameter
section extending laterally along a limited portion of the
circumference of said lower end section thereof with said enlarged
diameter section adapted to be enclosed within said groove in one
rotatable position and adapted to extend outwardly through said
lateral passage in another rotatable position.
9. A container assembly as in claim 8, wherein an upper surface
portion of said closure member is provided with a transversely
extending slot which facilitates rotatably moving said closure
member while seated in said groove from a position with said tab
section enclosed within said groove to a position with said tab
section extending transversely through said lateral passage in said
groove.
10. A container assembly as in claim 7, wherein said groove has an
axially extending recess formed in a lower surface thereof which is
adapted to enclose the lower edges of the said lower end section of
the closure member when the closure member is operatively mounted
on said container body section.
11. A container assembly as in claim 5, wherein said closure member
has formed in an upper surface thereof a recess adapted to receive
therein a removable key member which forms a locking engagement
with said closure member while one end thereof extends transversely
beyond the periphery of said container upper end section.
12. A container assembly as in claim 11, wherein said closure
member has the lateral surface portions thereof which extend
axially above said groove when said closure member is operatively
mounted on said container extending inwardly toward the
longitudinal axis thereof.
13. A container assembly as in claim 5, wherein said closure member
has the lateral surface portions thereof which extend axially above
said groove when said closure member is operatively mounted on said
container extending inwardly toward the longitudinal axis
thereof.
14. A container assembly as in claim 1, wherein said closure member
is secured to said upper end wall section by a hinge means and said
end wall is provided with means for partially enclosing said hinge
means.
Description
The present invention relates generally to containers and more
specifically to containers having closures which are difficult for
young children to open and gain access to the interior thereof.
Heretofore, numerous container structures with specially designed
closures have been described for use as containers of medicines,
poisons, corrosive and irritating household materials and like
solids or liquids which are harmful to children and others not
familiar with the nature of the contents of the containers. Because
of the complexity of many of these structures and the increased
manufacturing costs involved in their production or the limited
protection afforded, few such container structures have been used
commercially, and there is a continuing need for an improved
inexpensive container having a safety closure.
It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide an
improved container with safety closure which can be produced
economically and which is difficult for young children to open.
Other objects of the present invention will be apparent from the
detailed description and claims to follow when read in conjunction
with the accompanying drawing wherein:
FIG. 1 is a reduced, fragmentary side elevational view of one form
of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a top plan view of the embodiment shown in FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a fragmentary vertical sectional view taken along the
line 3--3 of FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 is a perspective view of an opener key adapted for use with
the form of invention shown in FIGS. 1-3;
FIG. 5 is a reduced, fragmentary side elevational view of a
modified form of the invention;
FIG. 6 is a top plan view of the embodiment shown in FIG. 5;
FIG. 7 is a fragmentary vertical sectional view taken along the
line 7--7 of FIG. 6;
FIG. 8 is a perspective view of an opener key adapted for use with
the form of invention shown in FIGS. 5-7;
FIG. 9 is a top plan view of a further modified form of the present
invention;
FIG. 10 is a fragmentary vertical sectional view taken along the
line 10--10 of FIG. 9;
FIG. 11 is a perspective view of an opener key adapted for use with
the form of invention used in FIGS. 9-10;
FIG. 12 is a top plan view of a still further modified form of the
present invention;
FIG. 13 is a fragmentary vertical sectional view taken along the
line 13--13 of FIG. 12;
FIG. 14 is a fragmentary vertical sectional view taken along the
line 14--14 of FIG. 12 in an alternate position of adjustment;
FIG. 15 is a fragmentary vertical sectional view of another
modified form of the invention;
FIG. 16 is a top plan view of still another modified form of the
invention;
FIG. 17 is a fragmentary vertical sectional view taken along the
line 17--17 of FIG. 16;
FIG. 18 is a fragmentary front elevational view taken along the
line 18--18 of FIG. 16;
FIG. 19 is a top plan view of the embodiment of FIG. 16 in an
alternate position of adjustment; and
FIG. 20 is a fragmentary vertical sectional view taken along the
line 20--20 of FIG. 19.
A preferred embodiment of the present invention comprises a
container with safety closure, wherein the container having an
opening at only one end has in an upper end wall surface defining
the opening thereof an axially extending groove which is adapted to
receive and completely enclose the lower end surface of a specially
designed closure or cap member adapted to coact with the specially
designed groove of the container. The sidewall portion of the
specially designed closure member which extends above the upper
edge of the groove is preferably short and extends inwardly toward
the generally flat upper surface so that there is no exposed
lateral surface which can be readily grasped by either a child's
hand or by an implement operated by a child to effect removal of
the closure from the container. Thus, in the preferred embodiment
when the closure is mounted on the container with the depending
wall section frictionally and preferably sealably engaging the
upper end of the container and having the lower end of the closure
enclosed within the groove formed in the upper end wall surface of
the container, the closure cannot be readily removed by a child
inserting a knife blade or similar tool under an exposed edge of
the cap and prying the cap upwardly or by gripping the walls of the
cap. In order to effect conveniently removing the closure or cap
member from the container without providing a surface which a young
child could use to effect removal of the closure, one or more
surfaces are formed on the outer wall of the cap which can be used
by an adult to remove the closure from the container by applying an
upwardly axial force.
In a preferred embodiment of a closure member extension means
comprising a groove formed in the upper surface of the closure,
and, a removable lever or key member which forms a locking
engagement with said groove and which facilitates applying an
upwardly axial force to effect removing the closure from the
container. The groove which is formed in the upper surface of the
closure is such that any implement readily available to a young
child cannot be inserted into the groove or if inserted the groove
does not permit sufficient axial force being applied to effect
removal of the closure from the container.
In the drawing, FIGS. 1-3 show a container 10 having a generally
cylindrical shape, but which can be of any desired shape and formed
of any suitable material, such as glass, plastic or metal. The
upper end wall 11 of the container 10 defines an opening extending
into the interior of the container and is provided with a
cylindrical groove 12 which surrounds the opening. The container
wall sections 13, 14 forming the groove 12 extend axially and are
spaced sufficiently to permit the groove 12 to receive and
completely enclose a lower end section of a closure member 20.
The closure member 20 of the container 10 is preferably formed of
plastic, but can be formed of any suitable material, which is
preferably semiresilient and yet sufficiently rigid to be
form-retaining. In FIGS. 1-3 the closure number 20 has a depending
cylindrical lower end wall section 21 which is adapted to be fully
seated within the groove 12 and form a secure frictional engagement
and preferably sealing engagement with a surface of at least one of
the container wall sections 13, 14, so that the closure member 20
cannot be removed from the container 10 without applying
considerable force in an upwardly axial direction. The lateral
surface 23 of the closure member 20 which extends above the upper
end of the groove 12 slopes or tapers inwardly at an angle of about
45.degree. or more so that it is difficult to grip the lateral
surface 23 to effect removal of the closure 20 from the container
10. If desired, however, the lateral surface can have a slight
convex curvature without, however, providing any gripping surface.
The length of the inwardly tapered surface 23 is kept to a minimum
to limit the amount of exposed lateral surface.
The upper surface 24 of the closure member 20 is preferably planar,
although a slight convex curvature can be provided. The upper
surface 24 of the closure 20 has formed therein two spaced grooves
26, 27 on opposite sides of a diameter line with the upper edges
parallel and extending partially across the closure member 20. The
grooves 26, 27, are inclined downwardly and inwardly toward the
longitudinal axis of the container 10 and the closure member 20
mounted thereon. The depth of the grooves 26, 27 and the angle of
inclination which the sides of the grooves 26, 27, form with the
longitudinal axis are kept to a minimum (i.e., about 15.degree. )
in order to avoid providing a surface which a child could use to
pry the closure member 20 from the container 10. A rigid key member
30 having depending lateral sections 31, 32, is provided to engage
in the grooves 26, 27, by insertion from the side. The outer end 35
of the key 30 extends laterally beyond the periphery of the closure
member 20 to facilitate applying thereto a vertical axial force
which effects removal of the closure member 20 from the container
10.
In FIGS. 5-8 of the drawing a slightly modified form of the
invention of FIGS. 1-3 is shown, wherein the container 40 has a
groove 42 formed in the upper wall 41 thereof as in FIGS. 1-3. The
groove 42 is adapted to receive the lower end wall section 51 of a
closure member 50. The lateral surface 53 of the closure member 50,
like surface 23 in FIGS. 1-3, is inclined inwardly, and the upper
surface 54 is preferably planar, as in the closure 20 of FIGS. 1-3.
Closure member 50 as provided in the upper surface 54 thereof
spaced parallel grooves 55, 56 extending across the upper surface,
and the inner lateral wall of each groove is inclined inwardly
toward the longitudinal axis of the closure member 50 and container
40 so that the lower portion of each groove 55, 56 is wider than
the upper portion thereof. The grooves 55, 56 are adapted to
receive a key member 57, shown in FIG. 8, having parallel spaced
prongs 58, 59 adapted to be inserted in the grooves 55, 56 and
engage the opposite lateral wall surfaces of the grooves 55, 56 to
form a locking engagement therein. The outer end of the key member
57 is adapted to extend beyond the edge of the closure member 50
and container 40 when the key 57 is operatively engaged in the
grooves 55, 56. The key 57 can be removed from the grooves 55, 56
to prevent a young child from opening the container. It is
difficult for a young child to insert a knife or other implement
beneath the lower edge of the container closure inside the groove
42 or in the shallow grooves 55, 56 and exert sufficient leverage
on the closure member 50 to effect removal of the closure member 50
from the container 40.
In FIGS. 9-11 of the drawing showing a further modified form of the
invention, the container 60 has a structure similar to that of the
container 10 of FIGS. 1-3. Thus, a groove 64 is formed in the upper
end wall 63 thereof, and the groove 64 is adapted to receive the
lower end section 71 of a molded closure member 70 with the lower
end section 71 of the closure 70 adapted to being completely
enclosed within the groove 64. The lateral surface 73 of the
closure member 70 is inclined inwardly and has a plane upper wall
74, as with the closure member 20 of FIGS. 1-3. The closure member
70 differs from the closure 20 of FIGS. 1-3, however, by having
formed in the upper surface thereof a groove 75 comprising a
generally concave, semicylindrical passage having its upper concave
surface partially exposed and its lower or inner surface defined by
a concave semispherical portion 76 formed along a diameter line
extending transversely in the upper exposed surface of the closure
member 70. The groove 75 is adapted to receive a key 78 which forms
a locking engagement in the groove 75. The key 78 has a length such
that it can, if desired, be contained completely between the ends
of the groove 75 when not slidably moved so that one end thereof
extends laterally beyond the periphery of the container when it is
desired to remove the closure 70 from the container 60. An upwardly
axial pressure can be applied to the lower surface of the key 78
when in extended position to effect removal of the closure member
70 from the container 60. The key 78 can be completely removed from
the groove 75, if desired. When it is desired to have the key 78
enclosed completely within the ends of the groove 75 when not in
use, the key can be made to conform with the contour and appearance
of the upper surface 74 so the presence of the key will not be
apparent to a young child, and the child will not be likely to
discover the presence of the key 78 in the closure member 70. Thus,
in the latter form of the invention, the key can be left in the
groove when not in use without providing a child with an obvious
means of opening the container. Also, by making the key 78 fit
snugly within the groove 75, a child will not have the dexterity to
move the key transversely within the groove 75, even if the
presence of the key 78 is discovered.
In the modified form of the invention shown in FIGS. 12-14, a
container 80 has sealably secured to the upper end thereof a molded
plastic section forming the upper end wall 81 of the container 80.
A preferably circular axial opening 83 is formed in the end wall 81
providing access to the interior of the container 80. A groove 85
is formed in the end wall 81 about the opening 83 with the groove
85 adapted to receive therein a cylindrical lower end wall section
91 of a cap member 90. The lower end wall section 91 is sealably
enclosed within the groove 85. The cap member 90 is secured to the
end wall 81 by means of a narrow flexible strip 88 or other hinge
means which enables the cap member 90 being moved out of sealing
engagement with the end wall 81 without being completely separated
from the end wall 81. As in the preceding embodiments of the
invention, the cap member 90 has the lateral wall 92 thereof
tapered inwardly sufficiently to make it difficult to grasp and
also has spaced grooves or slots formed in the plane upper surface
thereof to receive a key member, of the type shown in FIGS. 1-4, in
order to facilitate removing the cap member 90 when desired. It
will be evident that the embodiment shown in FIGS. 12-14, like the
embodiments in FIGS. 1-11, also has the lower end of the wall
section 91 enclosed in the groove 85 in order to make it difficult
for a young child to remove the cap by inserting a knife blade
below the cap and prying upwardly.
As a further deterent to a young child removing the cap member 90
by inserting a knife blade beneath the hinge means comprising a
flexible strip 88 connecting the cap member 90 to the end section
81, the end wall 81 has the wall portions 93, 94 adjacent the edges
of the flexible strip 88 extend axially upwardly substantially to
the same height as the outer surface of the flexible strip 88 when
the end wall section 91 of the cap member 90 is seated in groove
85, as best shown in FIGS. 12 and 13. A young child would thus have
difficulty in finding where to insert a knife blade or other
utensil below the flexible strip to pry the cap member from the
groove 85.
In the further embodiment of the broad invention shown in FIG. 15,
the container body 95 has a conventional upper cylindrical end wall
section 96 defining an axial opening and has a closure member 97
frictionally mounted on the end wall section 96 to form a firm
engagement therewith. Spaced grooves 98, 99 are formed in the upper
surface of the closure member 97. The grooves 98, 99 have the
configuration and function specified for the grooves 26, 27 shown
in FIG. 2 and FIG. 3 of the drawing; whereby the closure member 97
can be removed from the container 95 by inserting a removable
means, such as the key 30 disclosed in FIG. 4 of the drawing, with
which an upwardly axial force can be applied to the closure member
95. It should be understood, of course, that any of the groove key
structures shown in FIGS. 1-14 or equivalent means can be used in
connection with the container 95 and closure member 97 of FIG.
15.
In the improved structures of FIGS. 16-20, the container 100, which
is shown formed of glass but which can be of any suitable material,
has a neck portion 101 defining a cylindrical discharge opening
102. The container 100 has provided in the upper end wall 103
thereof a preferably cylindrical groove 104 which is preferably
rectangular in cross section and which is formed by the spaced
axially extending parallel wall sections 105 and 106. The groove
104 preferably has along the entire length of the inner lower
surface 107 thereof an enlarged portion in the form of a narrow
preferably rectangular-shaped axially extending recess 108. A
closure member 110 coacts with the neck portion 102 to close the
opening 102 of the container 100 with the depending skirt section
111 of the closure member 110 preferably having its inner
cylindrical surface 112 forming a sealing engagement with the outer
cylindrical surface of the wall section 106 which can, if desired,
extend axially upwardly a greater distance than the outer wall 105.
The lower edges of the cylindrical skirt section 111 is preferably
adapted to be enclosed in the recess 108, as shown in 11a. The
closure member 110 has provided on the outer surface of the
cylindrical skirt section 111 an enlarged diameter portion or
extension section which projects laterally slightly beyond the
normal circumference of the skirt section 111. In the preferred
embodiment illustrated, the enlarged diameter portion is spaced
upwardly from the lower edge thereof and is in the form of a
laterally extending tab portion 113 to permit the end section 111a
being enclosed by the recess 108. The tab portion 113 is adapted to
be retained or enclosed within the groove 104 when the closure
member 110 is in the position of adjustment shown in FIGS. 16-18
and has the lower surface thereof in contact with the surface 107
of the groove 104 when the closure member 110 is operatively
maintained on the neck portion 101 so as to close the opening
102.
The closure member 110 is adapted to be rotatably movable within
the groove 104 from the position shown in FIGS. 16 and 17 wherein
the tab 113 is enclosed within the lateral walls forming groove 104
to the position shown in FIGS. 19 and 20 wherein the tab 113
projects laterally through a lateral opening 115 formed in the
groove 104 where one portion of the wall section 105 is removed to
expose a section of the groove 104. When the closure 110 is in the
position of adjustment shown in FIGS. 19 and 20 with the tab 113
extending laterally beyond the neck portion 101, an upwardly axial
pressure can be applied with a finger to the lower surface 116 of
the tab 113 to effect removal of the closure 110 from the groove
104 and recess 108. A rib 117 is also preferably provided on the
surface 107 of groove 104 which extends inwardly about one-third
the width of the groove 104 and is elevated slightly above the
surface 107 over which the outer end portion of the tab 113 can
ride without unseating the closure member 110. The rib 117 serves
as a temporary stop which the leading and trailing edges of the tab
113 engage to prevent accidentally rotating the closure member 110
from the position of FIGS. 16-18 to the position of FIGS.
19-20.
As in the previous embodiments of the invention, the closure member
110 has the lateral surface portion 119 thereof preferably inclined
inwardly sufficiently to avoid providing a lateral surface which
can be gripped by a youngster to effect removal of the closure
member 110 from the container 100. In order to facilitate rotatably
removing the closure member 110 from a position with the tab 113
enclosed within the groove 104, as illustrated in FIGS. 16, 17 and
18 to the position with the tab 113 extending laterally beyond the
surface of the neck portion 101, as shown in FIGS. 19, 20, a slot
120 is formed in the upper surface 118 of the closure member 110
which is adapted to receive therein the edge of a penny or like
implement to permit readily turning the closure member 110 in the
groove 104.
It will be understood that in each of the embodiments illustrating
the present invention the closure member or cap can be provided on
the inner lateral wall surface thereof with either a groove or ring
which coacts with a complimentary ring or groove, respectively,
formed in the neck portion of the container to provide a "snap on"
type of frictional engagement between the cap and the
container.
* * * * *