U.S. patent number 3,625,372 [Application Number 05/052,583] was granted by the patent office on 1971-12-07 for pallet rack.
Invention is credited to James A. MacKenzie.
United States Patent |
3,625,372 |
MacKenzie |
December 7, 1971 |
PALLET RACK
Abstract
A pallet rack made from uprights, beams and end frames, easily
assembled and disassembled by virtue of the uprights having two
series of elongated slots to receive T-shaped projections on the
beam ends and on connecting members on the end frames, the beams
and uprights being reversible and the beam ends being
removable.
Inventors: |
MacKenzie; James A. (Ottawa,
Ontario, CA) |
Family
ID: |
21978544 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/052,583 |
Filed: |
July 6, 1970 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
Issue Date |
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661247 |
Aug 17, 1967 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
211/191 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A47B
57/408 (20130101); A47B 57/402 (20130101); A47B
57/404 (20130101); A47B 57/482 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
A47B
57/48 (20060101); A47B 57/00 (20060101); A47B
57/40 (20060101); A47f 005/10 () |
Field of
Search: |
;211/176,177,148
;248/243 ;108/107,110,144 ;5/296 ;287/189.36 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Foreign Patent Documents
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904,596 |
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Aug 1962 |
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GB |
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348,524 |
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Feb 1966 |
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CH |
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Primary Examiner: Britts; Ramon S.
Parent Case Text
The present application is a continuation-in-part of my previous
application Ser. No. 661,247, filed Aug. 17, 1967, now abandoned.
Claims
What I claim is:
1. In or for use with a rack, upright members and beams having
detachable beam ends with mounting projections thereon, each said
upright member being reversible end for end and having a channel
cross section including a base wall and two sidewalls perpendicular
to the base wall, said base wall having two parallel series of
elongated slots, each of said slots having sloped ends, the slots
in each said series of slots running lengthwise of the upright
member in spaced end-to-end relationship, each said beam end having
an end surface adapted to overlie a said sidewall of a selected
upright member, and a flange perpendicular to said end surface,
said flange being adapted to overlie the base wall of the selected
upright member and having at least one mounting projection
perpendicular thereto and receivable within a slot selected from
the series adjacent to said sidewall, said mounting projection
having a pair of opposed faces being parallel to said end surface
with the face thereof nearer said end surface being spaced
therefrom a distance which is greater than the distance from said
sidewall to the adjacent edge of said selected slot and with the
face thereof remote from said end surface being spaced therefrom a
distance which is less than the distance from said sidewall to the
longitudinal axis of said selected slot, said mounting projection
having a bevelled surface adjacent said flange which is adapted to
cooperate with the bottom end of said selected slot so that when a
downward force is applied to the beam end it will tend to slide
over the sloped end at the bottom of the selected slot drawing said
end surface into wedged abutment with the sidewall of the selected
upright member, said mounting projections having a T-shaped
configuration whereby a said beam may be removed from a first
mounted position on the rack and turned end over end and remounted
on the rack, said elongated slots being wide enough to additionally
receive means for securing an end frame connector for securing an
end frame assembly to an upright member, each said end frame
connector having a mounting plate adapted to overlie the base wall
of an upright member intermediate said parallel series of elongated
slots and at least one pair of parallel lugs extending
perpendicularly from said mounting plate and receivable within a
selected pair of said slots, said parallel lugs being spaced from
one another a distance which is greater than the distance between
said slots but which is less than the distance between the
longitudinal axes of said slots, said parallel lugs having surfaces
which are adapted to cooperate with the bases of said selected pair
of slots so that when a downward force is applied to the end frame
assembly, the lugs will tend to slide over the sloped ends of the
selected pair of elongated slots and be separated and the mounting
plate drawn into wedged engagement with said upright member.
2. In or for use with a rack, the combination as claimed in claim 1
wherein said slots have semicircular ends.
3. In or for use with a rack, the combination as claimed in claim 2
wherein each upright member is additionally provided with a series
of holes running lengthwise of the upright member and intermediate
said two parallel series of elongated slots, said holes being
adapted to receive means for retaining said mounting plate in
wedged engagement with said upright member.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates generally to racks, and more particularly to
pallet racks.
Pallet racks may be constructed in the form of a unitary, welded
structure. Such racks, although strong, rigid, and stable, have
several obvious disadvantages. They cannot readily be dismantled,
they take up valuable warehouse space when not in use, and they are
not easily portable from one location to another because of their
size and weight. Also, damaged beams and upright members cannot be
replaced without breaking welded connections and reconstructing the
rack. Similarly, the location of the beams within the assembled
rack is not practicably variable in order to accommodate loaded
pallets of varying dimensions.
In view of these and other difficulties, it has been proposed to
provide racks which may be erected and disassembled on the job in
accordance with the loading and space requirements of the user with
a minimum of tools and without the necessity of skilled labor. In
particular, many of these prior proposals attempt to avoid the use
of bolted connections and the like between beams and upright
members, to provide a plurality of locations on each upright member
to which a beam might be fastened, and to minimize storage space of
the dismantled structure. However, in order to provide these and
other advantages, such racks often were a good deal less stable
than the all-welded structures. This problem was partially overcome
in some cases by providing welded end frame assemblies, but this
solution of course resulted in decreased portability and increased
storage space of the dismantled parts. It also meant that it was
difficult or impossible to replace a single damaged upright member.
In other cases, complicated and expensive connecting means were
provided in order to join particularly the beams to the upright
members. Virtually all of these connections were such that there
was a "right way up" and/or a "right way around" for each of the
various components making up the rack. Thus, assembly could be
complicated, especially if the rack was to be assembled adjacent an
objection such as a wall, and the versatility of the various parts
making up the rack was not as great as might be desirable. Also
most of the prior proposals utilized beam ends and connecting
devices which were integral with the beams. Thus if a beam end were
damaged by, say, inadvertently dropping it on the floor, the whole
beam including the beam ends had to be replaced. A similar
procedure was necessary if a stronger or a weaker beam was
required. Furthermore, a beam, although it might be occasionally
permanently deflected by extreme or shock load to an extent where
continued use was not feasible, might often be deflected to a
lesser degree. In these cases, it would be desirable to be able to
rotate the beam end for end and reinstall it on the rack so as to
reverse the loading on the beam. However, since the beams of the
prior art could only be installed one way up, this solution was not
possible without removing the connecting devices from each end of
the beam (if possible) and reinstalling them in an inverted
position. The above-mentioned disadvantages all of course resulted
in increased cost for the user and tended to decrease the
versatility of the racks.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
According to one or more embodiments of my invention, I have
overcome the above and other disadvantages. According to my
invention I provide a rack which has maximum versatility and
stability which at the same time is relatively inexpensive to
produce and is extremely simple to erect and/or disassemble.
The rack according to my invention has a minimum number of basic
components and comprises simply upright members, beams, beam ends,
and end frame assemblies. Each upright member has a channel cross
section including a base wall and two sidewalls which are
perpendicular to the base wall. The base wall has two parallel
series of elongated slots, the slots in each of the series running
lengthwise of the upright member in spaced end-to-end relationship.
In each case, the beam ends each have an end surface which is
adapted to overlie one of the sidewalls of a selected upright
member, and a flange perpendicular to the end surface which is
adapted to overlie the base wall of the selected upright member. At
least one mounting projection which is perpendicular to the flange
and receivable within a slot selected from the series adjacent to
the sidewall is provided. The mounting projection is parallel to
the end surface and spaced therefrom a distance which is greater
than the distance from the sidewall to the edge of an adjacent slot
and which is less than the distance from the sidewall to the
longitudinal axis of such slot. The slots have sloped ends, e.g.
they may be rounded, so that the mounting projection cooperates
with the bottom end of the selected slot so that when a downward
force is applied to the beam end it tends to slide over the sloped
end at the bottom of the selected slot and cause the end surface of
the beam end to be drawn into wedged abutment with the sidewall of
the selected upright member. Each of the mounting projections has a
T-shaped configuration whereby a beam may be removed from a first
mounted position on the rack, turned end over end, and remounted on
the rack. Furthermore, in accordance with one of the embodiments of
the invention, the beam ends are detachably mounted on the beams so
that they may be easily replaced.
Each of the elongated slots in the upright members is also wide
enough to additionally receive means for securing an end frame
connector which is designed to secure an end frame assembly to an
upright member. Each end frame connector has a mounting plate of
which is adapted to overlie the base wall of an upright member
intermediate the parallel series of elongated slots. The mounting
plate has extending perpendicularly therefrom at least one pair of
parallel lugs which is receivable within a selected pair of slots.
The parallel lugs are spaced from one another at a distance which
is greater than the distance between the slots but which is less
than the distance between the longitudinal axes of the slots. The
parallel lugs also have surfaces which are adapted to cooperate
with the basis of a selected pair of slots so that when a downward
force is applied to the end frame assembly the legs will tend to be
separated and the mounting plate drawn into wedged engagement with
the upright member. In a particular embodiment holes are provided
running lengthwise of the upright member intermediate the two
parallel series of elongated slots. These holes are adapted to
receive means to retain the mounting plate when it is in wedged
engagement with the upright members set forth above.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
In the drawings which illustrate embodiments of my invention, and
in which like numerals refer to like parts,
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of an assembled rack,
FIG. 2 is an exploded perspective view of a beam end,
FIG. 3 is an exploded perspective view of a beam end according to
another embodiment,
FIG. 4 is a side elevation showing part of an upright member and
illustrating the relationship between the mounting projection and
the sloped end of a slot which provides the required wedged
abutment between the beam end and the sidewall of the upright
member,
FIG. 5 is an enlarged perspective view of a mounting
projection,
FIG. 6 shows in perspective part of an upright member and a
preferred device for securing an end frame assembly,
FIG. 7 shows another form of a device for securing an end frame
assembly to an upright member, and
FIG. 8 shows in perspective an upright member according to another
embodiment,
FIG. 9 is a perspective view, partly in section, of portions of a
beam, a beam end, and an end frame connector illustrating how it is
possible to mount a beam end and an end frame connector using, in
part, the same slots in the upright member,
FIG. 10 is a side elevation illustrating a single slot within an
upright member and showing relationship between a mounting
projection on a beam end, and a lug on an end frame connector and
how they may both be receivable within a single slot.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
Referring now in detail to the drawings, FIG. 1 shows an assembled
rack 10 having upright member 11, beams 12, and end frame
assemblies 13. The beams have beam ends generally designated 14 and
the end frame assemblies have connectors generally designated as
15. The rack is shown having footplates 16 upon which it may
conveniently stand. It is to be noted that each upright member 11
has a channel-shaped cross section with a base wall 17 and
sidewalls 18 which are perpendicular to the base wall 17. Each base
wall 17 is also provided with two series of elongated slots 19, the
slots in each of said series running lengthwise of the upright
member in spaced end-to-end relation. Also illustrated are holes 20
midway between the two parallel series of elongated slots.
FIG. 2 shows one embodiment of a beam end 14 which may be used with
a beam 12 having in cross section a box configuration. Beam end 14
here comprises a male member 21 which has an L-shaped cross section
and which is receivable within the beam 12. Male member 21 is
secured to beam 12 by bolts or other fastening means through holes
22 in the beam and 23 in the male member. The male member thus may
be secured within the beam 12 so that a face 24 (representing the
base of the "L") of male member 21 closes the open end of beam 12.
Welded to face 24 is another member 25 which comprises an end
surface 26 which overlies and is welded to face 24 of male member
21. End surface 26 is also adapted to overlie a selected sidewall
18 of an upright 11, in a manner to be described later.
Perpendicular to end surface 26 is a flange 27 which is adapted to
overlie the back wall 17 of an upright member 11. Perpendicular to
the flange 27 there are two T-shaped mounting projections 28 which
are receivable within selected slots 19 in the upright member.
These T-shaped projections will be further described with reference
to FIGS. 4 and 5.
FIG. 3 shows a different embodiment of beam end 14. Here again a
male member 21 is employed to fit within and be secured to the beam
12. However, in face 24 of male member 21 two holes 29 are provided
which line up with corresponding holes 30 in member 25. Thus member
25 may be bolted rather than welded to member 21 by means of bolts
31 and nuts 32. In order to protect the heads of bolts 31 from
damage, a channel-shaped member 33 is provided intermediate of the
heads of bolts 31 and member 25. Thus, in this embodiment, it is
the edge surfaces 52 of channel-shaped member 33 which become the
end surface of the beam end and which are adapted to overlie a side
wall 18 of an upright 11.
In FIG. 4 there is shown a portion of back wall 17 and a sidewall
18 of an upright member 11 together with one elongated slot 19.
Within the slot there is received a T-shaped mounting projection 28
which is secured to the beam end 14. Flanges 26 and 27 of beam end
14 are also illustrated (the beam end used here corresponds to that
illustrated in FIG. 2) and it will be seen that the T-shaped
mounting projection is spaced from the flange 26 a distance such
that when a downward force is applied to the beam end 14 it tends
to slide over the sloped end 34 of elongated slot 19. This tends to
pull flange 26 into wedged abutment with sidewall 18 of upright
member 11 and accordingly provides a very stable connection. If the
beam end illustrated in FIG. 3 were used, then channel-shaped
member 33 would appear intermediate of flange 26 and sidewall 18.
Although sloped ends 34 of elongated slots 19 are illustrated as
having a semicircular configuration, any configuration; (for
example, V-shaped), which served the above-mentioned purpose is
intended to be embraced by the expression "sloped ends".
It is important to note that mounting projection 28 is spaced from
flange 26 a distance which is greater than the distance between the
sidewall 18 and the adjacent edge of slot 19 and which is less than
the distance between sidewall 18 and the longitudinal axis A--A of
slot 19. It is by so spacing mounting projection 28 from flange 26
that the wedging action referred to above is allowed to take
place.
In order to prevent jamming and to allow T-shaped projection 28 to
slide more easily against sloped end 34 of slot 19, that part of
the projection which slides against the sloped end 34 may be formed
with a bevelled surface 35 as shown in ghost in FIG. 4 and in
detail in FIG. 5. The surface 35 may be formed by die punching the
connecting portion 51 (see FIG. 5) between mounting projection 28
and flange 27 before mounting projection 28 is bent perpendicular
to the flange 27. Of course, if desired, the surface could be
formed by filing or any other suitable means.
FIGS. 6 and 7 show two alternative forms of the end frame connector
15. In FIG. 6 the connector comprises a substantially U-shaped
member having side flanges 37 and 38 with a base 39 to which a
mounting plate 40 is connected. Mounting plate 40 has four T-shaped
mounting lugs 41 which are receivable within four selected slots 19
in an upright member 11. It should be noted that slots 19 are large
enough so that, if desired, they will also receive mounting
projection 28 on a beam end 14. It should also be noted that the
distance between a parallel pair of mounting lugs 41 is greater
than the distance between slots 19 but is less than the distance
between the longitudinal axes of the slot 19. Thus, when the lugs
41 are received within a selected pair of slots 19 and a downward
force applied, the lugs 41 will tend to slide over the sloped ends
of slots 19 and to thereby be separated, thus drawing mounting
plate 40 into wedged engagement with the upright member. The
connector in FIG. 6 is shown about to be connected within the
channel cross section of upright 11 that is between sidewalls 18.
However, it may equally well be mounted on the other side of
upright member 11.
Also provided in base 39 are two holes 42, one of which will line
up with a hole 20 in upright member 11 (depending on which way up
the connector is inserted). Means such as a spring fastener or a
bolt (not shown) may then be inserted through the hole 42 which
lines up with hole 20 in order to maintain the wedging action
referred to above and prevent inadvertent removal of the connector
15 from upright 11. This will also add stability to the erected
structure.
The end frame assembly 13 is preferably connected to connector 15
through pinned joints 36 so that it may be folded up when not in
use.
The embodiment shown in FIG. 7 differs from that in FIG. 6 in that
mounting lugs 41 are omitted. Here the connector 15 is fastened to
the upright 11 simply by means of bolt 43 which are arranged to
pass through holes 20 in upright member 11. As illustrated in FIG.
7, it should be noted that the connector 15 is on the other side of
upright member 11 from that illustrated in FIG. 6. However, it may
be equally conveniently mounted on either side.
In FIG. 8, there is shown an alternative form for the upright
member 11. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 8, upright member 11 is
formed from two pieces of angle iron 44 and 45 which are bolted
together through holes 20 to provide the preferred channel shaped
configuration.
FIGS. 9 and 10 illustrate in detail the manner in which mounting
projections 28 of beam end 12 may be received within the same slots
19 as mounting lugs 41 of an end frame connector 15. As has been
previously explained in the discussion relating to FIG. 4, a
mounting lug 28 will, when a beam end 12 is secured to upright 11,
be disposed between the longitudinal axis A--A of the elongated
slot 19 and the wall of the slot which is adjacent the beam end 12.
Parallel mounting lugs 41 are also arranged in such a manner that
they are separated one from the other a distance which is greater
than the distance between a parallel pair of elongated slots 19 but
which is less than the distance between the longitudinal axes of
such slots. Thus, any individual slot 19 is capable of receiving
both a mounting projection 28 and a mounting lug 41.
It will be seen that by using components as above described, I have
invented a very versatile and rigid structure which is, however,
relatively inexpensive to produce. The beam ends 14 are readily
interchangable should they become damaged or should a stronger beam
or beam end be required. The beams 12 may be removed and replaced
if necessary without replacing the beam ends. If a beam 12 should
become deflected due to overloading, it may be removed from its
position on the rack, turned end over end, and reinstalled on the
rack so that it may be redeflected back to its normal position by
future loads. This feature is attributable to the T-shaped mounting
projections 28. The special arrangement of the T-shaped mounting
projections with their sloped surfaces 35 is such that the wedging
action of flange 26 (or U-shaped member 33 if the beam end of FIG.
3 is used) against sidewall 18 provides great stability. If the
rack is constructed as shown in FIG. 1, the beams must be inserted
from the outside of the rack toward the inside. However, by
rotating uprights 11 through 180.degree. , and by installing end
frame connectors 15 on the outside of the channel (as shown in FIG.
7 as opposed to as shown in FIG. 6) the beams may be installed from
the inside of the rack. This has the advantage that if the rack is
being erected adjacent a wall, the whole rack need not be moved out
from the wall in order to change or remove a beam from the rack.
Also, there is no "right way up" or "right way around" for the
beams or the upright members. Finally, a damaged upright member may
be replaced without disassembling of the entire rack.
From the above, it should be clear that I have provided a rack
which overcomes many defects in the prior art.
* * * * *