U.S. patent number 3,625,133 [Application Number 04/852,334] was granted by the patent office on 1971-12-07 for air-curtaining apparatus for forming an internal-isolated zone.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Sanko Air Plant Ltd.. Invention is credited to Taro Hayashi.
United States Patent |
3,625,133 |
Hayashi |
December 7, 1971 |
AIR-CURTAINING APPARATUS FOR FORMING AN INTERNAL-ISOLATED ZONE
Abstract
An apparatus for forming an air curtain encircling an internal
zone completely isolated from surroundings. In preferred
embodiment, a stratospheric air flow is simultaneously supplied
into the isolated internal zone for removing harmful gaseous
contaminant produced therein. Dimension of the air curtain forming
air exhaust opening is selected in relation to the shuttering
distance and that of the supply opening by application of critical
mass flow ratio method theory.
Inventors: |
Hayashi; Taro (Osaka-shi,
Osaka, JA) |
Assignee: |
Sanko Air Plant Ltd.
(Osaka-shi, Osaka, JA)
|
Family
ID: |
27453724 |
Appl.
No.: |
04/852,334 |
Filed: |
August 22, 1969 |
Foreign Application Priority Data
|
|
|
|
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Jan 13, 1969 [JA] |
|
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44/2842 |
Jan 13, 1969 [JA] |
|
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44/2843 |
Feb 4, 1969 [JA] |
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44/8307 |
Feb 13, 1969 [JA] |
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44/10666 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
454/189 |
Current CPC
Class: |
F24F
9/00 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
F24F
9/00 (20060101); F24f 009/00 () |
Field of
Search: |
;98/36 ;62/256 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Foreign Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Wayner; William E.
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. An improved air-curtaining apparatus comprising, in combination:
means defining a supply opening configured to eject an airflow in
the form of an air curtain to pneumatically encircle a space and
isolate same from its surroundings, a supply conduit connecting
said supply opening to a pneumatic supply source, means defining an
exhaust opening dimensioned to receive both said air curtain
forming airflow and additional air attracted from the surroundings
by said air curtain forming airflow and positioned in spaced-apart
relationship to and facing said supply opening, said exhaust
opening having a width dimension defined by the relationships
E'/5 D'
H' 3E' /2
E/5 D' E
wherein D' represents said width of said exhaust opening in a
direction transverse to the flowing air; E represents the width of
said supply opening in a direction transverse to the flowing air;
H' represents the desired shuttering distance; and E' represents
the thickness of said air curtain at a distance H' from said
exhaust opening, and an exhaust duct connected to said exhaust
opening.
2. An improved air-curtaining apparatus as claimed in claim 1,
further comprising means defining an additional supply opening
configured and positioned to eject a stratospheric airflow into
said internal space encircled by said air curtain, means connecting
said additional supply opening to said pneumatic supply source,
means defining an additional exhaust opening dimensioned to receive
therein said stratospheric airflow and located in spaced apart
relationship to and facing said additional supply opening
independently from said first-mentioned exhaust opening, and an
additional exhaust duct connected to said additional exhaust
opening.
3. An improved air-cutaining apparatus as claimed in claim 2,
including a common housing containing therein both said
first-mentioned supply opening and said additional supply opening,
and air deflectors mounted in said common housing separating said
first-mentioned supply opening from said additional supply
opening.
4. An improved air-curtaining apparatus comprising, in combination:
means defining a supply opening configured to eject an airflow in
the form of an air curtain to pneumatically encircle a space and
isolate same from its surroundings, a supply conduit connecting
said supply opening to a pneumatic supply source, means defining an
exhaust opening dimensioned to receive both said air curtain
forming airflow and additional air attracted from the surroundings
by said air curtain forming airflow and positioned in spaced-apart
relationship to and facing said supply opening, an exhaust duct
connected to said exhaust opening, and means for delivering the
airflow through said supply opening in a condition having a uniform
flow velocity distribution, wherein the width of said supply
opening is larger than one-fifth of the desired shuttering
distance, and wherein the width of said exhaust opening is smaller
than that of said supply opening.
5. An apparatus for fluidally isolating a space from its
surrounding space comprising: fluid means for supplying a flow of
fluid defining a fluid curtain around a space to be isolated and
including means defining a supply opening having a width E
extending in a direction transversely to the direction of fluid
flow; fluid-receiving means spaced apart from said fluid supply
means in the direction of fluid flow for receiving therein said
fluid flow and cooperative with said fluid supply means to
completely isolate said space from its surrounding space, said
fluid-receiving means including means defining an exhaust opening
having a width D' extending in a direction transversely to the
direction of fluid flow; means locating and dimensioning said fluid
supply means relative to said fluid-receiving means to effect first
divergence and then convergence of said fluid flow between said
fluid supply and receiving means; and wherein said supply opening
and said exhaust opening are dimensioned in accordance with the
expression
E/5 D' E.
Description
The present invention relates to an improved air-curtaining
apparatus for forming an internal-isolated zone, and more
particularly, relates to an improved air-curtaining apparatus for
forming an internal zone pneumatically isolated from its
surroundings and, when particularly required, for exhausting
harmful gaseous contaminant contained within the zone encircled by
the air curtain.
When a substance productive of harmful gaseous contaminant is to be
processed through various operations, it is necessary to protect
the operators concerned in the work from contact with the harmful
gaseous contaminant. For example, in a metal-plating process,
various harmful gaseous substances are produced by the
metal-plating bath and they tend to contaminate and pollute the air
in the vicinity of the bath. In order to avoid such contamination
and pollution of the air, it is necessary to completely isolate the
source of the harmful gaseous contaminant from its surroundings and
effectively exhaust the produced harmful gaseous contaminant out
from the isolated space. Conventionally, a canopy-type hood is
often used for this purpose. However, in case of the conventional
hood of this nature, it is necessary to make the opening of the
hood considerably large so as to acquire a complete and sufficient
exhausting of the harmful gaseous contaminant with a strong and
reliable isolating effect by the air curtain. This resulted in
expensive hood installation cost and considerably large power
consumption. With the reason set forth above, the air curtain
isolating system could not show a great penetration into the field
of practical utilization and protection of the operators from
contact with the harmful gaseous contaminant was mostly dependent
upon the use of a protecting mask or the like.
A principal object of the present invention is to provide an
improved air-curtaining apparatus capable of producing an internal
zone completely isolated from its surroundings with minimum power
consumption and small installation cost.
Another object of the present invention is to provide an improved
air-curtaining apparatus capable of producing a cleaned internal
zone isolated from the surroundings by the air curtain.
Still another object of the present invention is to provide an
improved air-curtaining apparatus capable of protecting operators
from contact with harmful gaseous contaminants.
In conformity to the referred objects, the air-curtaining apparatus
of the present invention is characterized by forming an air curtain
defining an internal zone in a condition completely isolated from
its surroundings. In a particular embodiment, the air curtain is
formed encircling a harmful gaseous contaminant producing source
and the apparatus is further characterized by generating a
stratospheric gaseous flow for positively exhausting the harmful
gaseous contaminant from the isolated internal zone.
In the conventional-type air-curtaining system, the air flow
ejected from a supply opening advances towards an exhaust opening
while gathering air in the surroundings together with it. On
arrival at the exhaust opening, the increased amount of airflow
further tends to gather air in the vicinity of the exhaust opening.
Further, in case any change takes place in the condition of the
surroundings, the advancing direction of the air tends to deviate
from its correct position. Faced with the above-described increase
in the amount of the airflow to be exhausted and/or the probable
change in the flow direction, it is necessary to design the
dimensions of the exhaust opening larger than that of theoretical
calculation.
As is well known by persons in the art, the airflow ejected from
the supply opening advances towards the exhaust opening in a
gradually diverging condition and the exhaust opening has to be
completely receptacle of the air flow of thus diverged size. The
longer the distance between the supply and exhaust opening, the
larger the degree of the flow's divergence and the larger should be
the dimensions of the exhaust opening. That is, the enlargement of
the exhaust opening dimensions is further promoted by the flow
divergence resulting in necessity for larger floor space.
Further, when the airflow is purposed for an air curtain, there are
instances when the thickness of the curtain is required to be thin.
For example, the airflow is often used as an air curtain for
isolating an operator from a harmful gaseous material of a
produceable nature. The operator extends his hands from outside of
the air curtain to the material deposited inside the air curtain
through the air curtain. To accomplish this, the thickness of the
air curtain must be thin enough to isolate the operator completely
from the material in the internal zone of the air curtain. The
above-described diverging tendency of the ejected airflow prevents
making the air curtain as thin as required.
A further object of the present invention is to provide an improved
air-curtaining apparatus capable of producing a relatively thin air
curtain without damaging its isolating effect.
A still further object of the present invention is to provide an
improved air-curtaining apparatus which requires only a small floor
space occupation with the reduced exhaust opening's dimensions.
A still further object of the present invention is to provide an
improved air-curtaining apparatus capable of presenting a strong
isolating effect with considerable reduction in power
consumption.
In order to fulfill the above-described objects, the air-curtaining
apparatus of the present invention, utilizing hood characteristics
basing on "Critical flow ratio method," comprising an exhaust
opening whose size in the direction of the air curtain's thickness
is so designed as smaller than the thickness of the ordinary air
curtain at the position of the exhaust opening. Based upon this
principle, the referred size of the exhaust opening is adequately
selected according to the conditional relationship between the
surroundings and the isolated internal zone.
Further features and advantages of the present invention will be
apparent from the ensuing description, reference being made to the
accompanying drawings, in which;
FIG. 1 is an explanatory side view of an embodiment of the
air-curtaining apparatus of the present invention,
FIG. 2 is an explanatory side view for showing a modified
embodiment of the air-curtaining apparatus shown in FIG. 1,
FIGS. 3 and 4 are front and side explanatory views for showing an
embodiment of a practical utilization of the air-curtaining
apparatus of the present invention,
FIG. 5 is an explanatory side view of a conventional air-curtaining
system,
FIG. 6 is an explanatory side view of an air-curtaining system
according to the present invention.
Referring to FIG. 1, an embodiment of the air-curtaining apparatus
is shown. In this case, the air curtain forming airflow is advanced
from a floor side to a ceiling side. The air supplied from a given
supply source (not shown) is processed through a supply duct 1
passing through an air filter 2 disposed therein and conducted
towards a supply opening 3 by a fan 4 also disposed in the supply
duct 1. Being ejected from the supply opening 3, the air is
advanced towards an overhead canopy-type exhaust hood 6 forming an
air curtain 7 encircling an inside zone 8. Being received by the
exhaust hood 6, the air is conducted to an air cleaner 9 passing
through an exhaust duct 11 and discharged outside the system by an
exhaust fan 12 disposed in the exhaust duct 9. Thus, the internal
zone 8 is completely isolated from the surroundings by the air
curtain 7 formed encircling the same. The locational relationship
between the supply opening 3 and the exhaust hood 6 and the
dimensions of the two are adequately selected in conformity to the
dimension of the required internal zone 8. When desired, a source
of harmful gaseous contaminant is placed within the internal zone
and in this case, the produced harmful gaseous contaminant is also
absorbed into the exhaust hood 6 together with the airflow forming
the air curtain 7.
During the flowing procedure, the air curtain forming airflow tends
to attract additional amounts of air from its surroundings facing
the air curtain 7. Thus, generally, the total amount of the gaseous
flow to be discharged through the exhaust duct 11 is the sum of the
supplied air curtain forming air, the harmful gaseous contaminant
and the attracted air. However, in the case of a certain kind of
harmful gaseous contaminant, the above-described total amount may
be required to be only larger than the sum of the supplied air
curtain forming air and the harmful gaseous contaminant.
The above-described air-curtaining apparatus can be used in a
reverse manner too, i.e., the air curtain forming airflow may be
advanced from a ceiling side to a floor side. This type of example
is illustrated in FIG. 2 with some modification for positively
discharging the harmful gaseous contaminant from the internal
zone.
In the shown embodiment, the air supplied from a given supply
source (not shown) is processed through a supply duct 13 and
conducted to a canopy-type supply hood 14 by a fan 16 disposed in
the supply duct 13. The supply hood 14 is divided into two parts by
a deflector 17 disposed therein, i.e. an air curtain flow supply
opening 18 of a slit type and a flow supply opening 19 of a filter
type. So, a part of the airflow conducted by the fan 16 is advanced
towards the air curtain flow supply opening 18 and ejected outside
therefrom. Being ejected therefrom, the airflow advances towards
the downwardly located exhaust opening 21 forming an air curtain 7
encircling an internal zone 8 and discharged outside the system by
a fan 22 through an exhaust duct 23 connected to the exhaust
opening 21. The thus-formed internal zone 8 is adapted for placing
the source of the harmful gaseous contaminant (not shown in the
drawing) and is completely isolated from the surroundings by the
encircling air curtain 7. Aside from this air curtain formation,
the remaining part of the airflow conducted by the fan 16 is
advanced towards the airflow supply opening 19 and ejected into the
internal zone 8 and this airflow then advances toward a downward
exhaust hood 24 while urging the contaminated gas in the internal
zone 8 towards the exhaust hood 24. Thus absorbed mixture of the
ejected airflow with the contaminated gas is then discharged
outside the system by a fan 26 through a discharge duct 27
connected to the exhaust hood 24 and an air cleaner 28 disposed to
the discharge duct 27. The discharged air may then be partly or
almost completely circulated back to the supply duct 13 and the
contaminated gas can be completely removed from the above-described
mixture by the function of the air cleaner 28. Thus, the internal
zone 8 can be always maintained clean and free from contamination
by the harmful gas.
The air-curtaining apparatus of this type may also be
advantageously utilized for making a clean isolated zone within
contaminated surroundings. In this case, invasion of the
contaminated airflow into the zone is obstructed by the presence of
the air curtain 7 encircling the internal zone 8 and the internal
zone 8 can always be maintained in a cleaned condition because of a
continuous supply of the airflow from the supply opening 19. By a
suitable selection of the nature of the airflow to be supplied into
the internal zone 8, any desired conditioning of the internal zone
8 can be attained. This is a great advantage when operators have to
work within contaminated or polluted surroundings. It goes without
saying that the direction of the airflows can be reversed from that
shown in FIG. 2.
Referring to FIGS. 3 and 4, an embodiment of a practical
utilization of the air-curtaining apparatus of the present
invention is shown. In this case the air-curtaining apparatus is
applied to a process for providing a roller with one or more rubber
layers. It is well known that some harmful gas is produced during
this process and operators must be completely protected from a
physical attack by the harmful gas. For attaining this protection,
it is necessary that the harmful gas be removed just after its
formation without being scattered into the surroundings.
In the shown embodiment, a supply duct 29 connected to a given
supply source is branched off in the vicinity of its flow issuing
termination, i.e., a part of the supplied airflow is advanced to an
operating station 31 and the remaining part of it is advanced to a
drying chamber 32. On the operating area side, a branched supply
duct 29a is provided with an air filter 33 disposed therein
downstream of the branching point. At a position downstream of the
air filter 33, a deflector 34 is disposed so as to divide the
supplied airflow into two terminations. A part of the supplied air
flows towards supply openings 36 being of a slit type and ejected
therefrom towards respective downward exhaust openings 37 formed in
the floor forming an air curtain 7 encircling an internal-isolated
zone 8. In connection with the deflector 34, an internal duct 38 is
disposed within the branched supply duct 29a with its downward
termination directed to a porous plate 39 disposed within a space
41. The space 41 and a flow supply opening 42 formed downward of
the space are divided into sections by a plurality of partitions 43
disposed therein for the purpose of flow rectification. So, the
remaining part of the supplied air flows towards the supply opening
42 passing through the porous plate 39, ejected therefrom into the
internal zone 8 and reaches the downward exhaust opening 37
together with the airflow forming the air curtain 7. Being received
by the exhaust opening, the mixture of the air curtain forming air,
air enticed from the surroundings, air supplied from the supply
opening 42, and the produced harmful gaseous contaminant is
conducted outside of the system through an underground exhaust duct
44 and a flow rate regulating damper 46 disposed in the exhaust
opening 37. Aside from the above-described airflowing system,
another branched supply duct 29b runs from the supply duct 29 to
the drying chamber 32 neighboring the operating station 31 by way
of suitable drying equipment 47 (See FIG. 4). A part of the air
supplied through the supply duct 29 is conducted through the
branched supply duct 29, brought into an upper space 48 of the
drying chamber 32, ejected into the drying chamber 32 passing
through a porous plate 49 and discharged outside the drying chamber
32 through an underground discharging conduit (not shown). The
upper space 48 may be divided into sections by partitions 51
suitably disposed therein.
In combination with the above-described arrangement of the
apparatus, a roller 52 to be treated is first brought to the
operating station 31 into the internal-isolated zone 8 being
carried on a suitable carrier 53. The carrier 53 may be moved
either by a manual operation or by any known transportation means.
The operator (not shown) standing outside the air curtain 7
prosecutes necessary operation on the roller by extending his hands
into the internal zone 8 passing through the air curtain 7. The
harmful gaseous contaminant produced during the operation does not
scatter into the surroundings being barricaded by the air curtain 7
and the operator can be completely protected from direct contact
with the produced harmful gaseous contaminant. After the operation,
the roller 52 together with the carrier 53 is brought into the
drying chamber 32 for drying and the harmful gaseous contaminant
produced during the drying operation is also discharged outside the
drying chamber 32 as already explained.
In the actual utilization of the air-curtaining apparatus of the
present invention, there is a fundamental requirement for
decreasing the floor space necessary for the installation of the
airflow exhaust opening. This reduction in floor spacing should be
preferably attained without lowering the shuttering effect of the
air curtain and a wide adaptability of the apparatus for use under
various conditions of the surroundings. In this connection, the
inventor of the present invention has discovered that the
above-described requirement can be fulfilled by defining the
dimension of the airflow exhaust opening in relation to the
mechanical condition of the whole system. In the following
description, the term "opening's width" refers to the size of the
quoted opening in the direction of the formed air curtain's
thickness or, in a direction transverse to that of the airflow.
The term "shuttering distance" as hereinafter used refers to a
distance to be shuttered by the air curtain.
For a better understanding of the air-curtaining system according
to the present invention, a conventional type of air-curtaining
system will first be discussed with reference to FIG. 5, wherein an
air curtain forming flow 54 ejected from a supply opening 56 of a
slit type advances in a gradually diverging condition and is
received by an exhaust opening 57 located downward while attracting
additional air from the surroundings.
Provided that the quantity of the air curtain forming airflow is
Q.sub.0, the quantity of the air attracted from the surroundings is
Q.sub.1, the quantity of the total airflow arriving at the exhaust
opening 57 is Q.sub.2 and the quantity of the air attracted into
the exhaust opening 57 from the surroundings in the vicinity
thereof is Q.sub.3, the total quantity of airflow to be discharged
outside the system through the exhaust opening 57 must be (Q.sub.2
+Q.sub.3). Consequently, the exhaust opening's width D is required
to be at least larger than the thickness of the airflow whose
quantity is Q.sub.2. Further, taking the diverging tendency of the
air curtain forming airflow into consideration, it is quite obvious
that an increase in the shuttering distance H entails a
corresponding enlargement in the exhaust opening's width D. As
already mentioned, such an enlargement in the exhaust opening
dimension results in the requirement for an enlarged floor spacing
together with considerably increased power consumption.
The flowing mode of the air curtain according to the art of the
present invention is shown in FIG. 6, wherein the air curtain
forming flow 54 developed by the fluid supply means and ejected
from the supply opening 56 of a slit type advances in a gradually
diverging condition to a certain distance. After passing a virtual
plate A-B, the airflow tends to be gradually converged and received
by the fluid-receiving means including the exhaust opening 57 while
enticing or inducing additional air from the surroundings. In
accordance with the requirement in actual utilization, this virtual
plane A-B is so selected that the distance H' between the virtual
plane A-B and the exhaust opening 57 corresponds to the required
shuttering distance, i.e., the converging airflow part 58 forms an
air curtain whose shuttering effect is expected. After selecting
the location of this virtual plane A-B, the exhaust opening's width
D' is calculated by application of the "Critical flow ratio method"
theory and in relation to the supply opening's width E, the air
curtain's thickness E' and the shuttering distance H' as
follows.
E'/5 D' (1)
H' 3 E' /2 (2)
E/5 D' E (3)
Thus, it is possible to narrow the exhaust openings width D'
smaller than that of the conventional air-curtain without any
decrease in the shuttering distance.
A further preferable result can be obtained in the actual
utilization of the apparatus of the present invention by giving a
particularly defined dimensional relationship to the supply
opening, exhaust opening and their related parts of the flowing
system. In that preferred embodiment, the air curtain forming
airflow is ejected from the supply opening in a condition having a
uniform flow velocity distribution. The air curtain is mainly made
up of a core portion of thus-ejected airflow. The width of the
supply opening is required to be larger than one-fifth of a
required shuttering distance and the width of the exhaust opening
is required to be smaller than that of the supply opening. The mass
of an exhausted flow must be so selected as is always larger than
the mass of the supplied flow.
In case there is a temperature difference between the surroundings
and the air curtain forming airflow or an internal-isolated zone
encircled by the air curtain, a suitable compensation should be
applied to the flowing system by mechanically adjusting the value
of the critical flow ratio.
* * * * *