U.S. patent number 3,624,663 [Application Number 05/046,004] was granted by the patent office on 1971-11-30 for diver's faceplate and helmet head gear.
This patent grant is currently assigned to General Aquadyne, Inc.. Invention is credited to Richard F. Jones.
United States Patent |
3,624,663 |
Jones |
November 30, 1971 |
DIVER'S FACEPLATE AND HELMET HEAD GEAR
Abstract
A diver wearing a face mask is protected from blows on other
portions of his head by a helmet that is detachably connected to
the face mask. Blows on the helmet are absorbed by the mounting
system that holds the face mask to the diver's head. The connection
of helmet to the face mask is by means of a pair of fulcrums, one
on each side of the face mask, and a resilient member pulls one
extreme of top and bottom of the helmut against a pin and hold
connector on the other extreme, acting across the fulcrum
points.
Inventors: |
Jones; Richard F. (Santa
Barbara, CA) |
Assignee: |
General Aquadyne, Inc. (Santa
Barbara, CA)
|
Family
ID: |
21941039 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/046,004 |
Filed: |
June 15, 1970 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
2/424; 2/10;
128/201.23 |
Current CPC
Class: |
B63C
11/12 (20130101); A42B 3/04 (20130101); A42B
3/288 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
A42B
3/04 (20060101); B63C 11/02 (20060101); B63C
11/12 (20060101); A42b 003/00 () |
Field of
Search: |
;2/3,5,6,9,10,2.1
;128/142.5,142.7,141R,145R,145A |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Foreign Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Boler; James R.
Claims
I claim:
1. Diver's head gear comprising:
a. a face mask adapted to rest against the face of a diver;
b. a mounting structure for holding the face mask against a diver's
face;
c. a helmet over other portions of a diver's head;
d. and mechanical means interconnecting the helmet and the face
mask to substantially support the helmet by the face mask, whereby
blows on the helmet are absorbed by the mounting structure of the
face mask.
2. Diver's head gear as defined in claim 1 wherein the mounting
structure engages the diver's head and is resilient, whereby blows
on the helmet are absorbed by the mounting structure of the face
mask.
3. Diver's head gear as defined in claim 1 wherein the mounting
structure includes resilient members encircling the diver's head
and the helmet is normally spaced from the diver's head.
4. The combination of a diver's face mask and a helmet for use on a
diver's head, comprising:
a. a face mask having a top and bottom and having an intermediate
fulcrum on each side thereof;
b. a mounting structure for engaging a diver's head and connected
to the face mask to resiliently hold it against the diver's
face;
c. a diver's helmet having a top and bottom and fulcrum engaging
portions on each side to engage the face mask fulcrums;
d. a pin and slot connector formed on the face mask and helmet at
one extreme of top and bottom;
e. and a tension connector formed between the face plate and helmet
at the other extreme of top and bottom,
said tension connector pulling the helmet against the mask fulcrums
because of the pin and slot connector.
5. The combination of claim 4 wherein the pin is on the face plate
and the slot is in the helmet.
6. The combination of claim 4 wherein the pin is on the top of the
face mask, the slot is on the top of the helmet, and the tension
connectors are resilient and are at the bottom of the face mask and
helmet.
7. The combination of claim 4 wherein the face mask has pins at the
top as part of the pin and slot connector, has pins at the side for
fulcrums, and has pins at the bottom for tension connectors, and
the resilient mounting system engages the face plate at at least
some of said pins.
8. The combination of claim 4 wherein the fulcrums are pins on the
helmet, a pin of the pin and slot connection is a headed pin and is
on the top of the face mask, and the slot of the pin and slot
connection is a keyhole slot in the top of the helmet, and the
tension connectors are resilient and connect the bottom part of the
helmet and the bottom part of the face mask.
Description
DESCRIPTION
My invention relates to face mask and helmet combinations for use
by divers and has particular reference to a face mask and a readily
removable helmet that is supported by the face mask.
Many commercial divers prefer to use diving face masks (sometimes
called face plates) rather than full diving helmets. In this event,
there is no protection of the diver's head, other than his face
mask, against blows that might be encountered. Blows to the head
are an ever present hazard when working underwater with heavy tools
and materials, as in salvage work and marine oil wells. Some have
tried to meet this problem by providing foam-lined helmets strapped
to the diver's head. However, these are objectionable in that the
foam or other padding is generally buoyant and the diver has to
carry an additional 5 or 10 pounds of ballast to offset this
buoyancy.
I have discovered that blows to a diver's 3 helmet can adequately
be absorbed by the mounting system that holds the diver's face
mask. Such mounting systems are generally resilient and have the
same amount of absorption for blows to the helmet that can be
provided with foam linings. My helmet can therefore be made without
any buoyancy factor, can be made inexpensively, and can be readily
attached and removed by the diver himself unaided, either under
water or above.
It is therefore an object of my invention to provide an improved
face mask and helmet combination.
Other objects, advantages and features of the invention will be
apparent in the following specifications of which the drawings are
an integral part and in which:
FIG. 1 is an elevation view of a diver's head having held thereon a
face mask and a helmet combination provided particularly in
accordance with the invention.
FIG. 2 is an elevation view of the face mask of FIG. 1.
FIG. 3 is a fragmentary elevation view of the top portion of the
face mask of FIGS. 1 and 2, showing part of the mask-mounting
system for holding the mask to the diver's head.
FIG. 4 is an elevation view of the sheet rubber mounting structure
for holding the face mask to the diver's head.
FIG. 5 is a rear view of the diver's helmet of FIG. 1 showing the
method of weaving the resilient connectors into holes in the
helmet.
FIG. 6 is an enlarged fragmentary view of a top portion of the
helmet of FIG. 1 showing the keyhole slot.
FIG. 7 is an enlarged fragmentary view of a side portion of the
helmet showing one of the fulcrum points of the helmet.
FIG. 8 is an enlarged fragmentary view showing one end of the
resilient connector holding the bottom end of the helmet to the
bottom end of the face mask, and also shown in FIG. 1.
Referring to the drawings, a diver's head 10 has held over the
diver's face a face mask 11 to which is mounted a diver's helmet
12. Both the face mask and the helmet are provided particularly in
accordance with the invention.
Referring to FIG. 2, there is illustrated by itself the face mask
of FIG. 1. There it will be noted that the mask may have an outer
shell 13 having an integrally formed face flange 14 and that a
cushion 16 of generally oval design is adhered to the face flange
14 to resiliently engage the face of the diver 10. The face mask 11
is provided with connectors at three locations, at the top, at the
bottom and at an intermediate point which acts as a fulcrum point.
I presently prefer to use pins as one part of the connections to
the helmet and preferably also headed pins. While two pins could be
used at the top of the face mask 11, I find that a single pin 17 is
adequate and I employ one pin 18 on each side of the face mask as a
fulcrum, and I employ a lower pin 19 on each side of the face mask
as a bottom connector. These pins preferably have round heads. The
face mask of FIG. 2 may have the usual valving 21 which
accommodates a supply of air or gas under pressure for the diver's
breathing and may have the usual window at the left side thereof as
viewed in FIG. 2.
Illustrated in FIG. 4 is a presently preferred type of mounting
structure 20 for holding the face mask against the diver's face.
This is in the form of a central body 22 having five arms, lower
arms 23 that connect with the lower pins 19, upper arms 24 that
connect with the fulcrum pins 18, and a top arm 26 that connects
with the top pin 17, all pins being located on the face mask 11.
Each arm 23, 24 and 26 have a plurality of holes 27 punched therein
which are stretched over the appropriate pins. The plurality of
holes allows for any desired adjustment. Illustrated in FIG. 3 is
the upper part of the face mask 11 with the upper strap 26 secured
to the upper pin 17 by stretching one of the holes 27 over the
round-headed pin 17.
Referring back to FIG. 1, there is illustrated in solid outline one
of the lower arms 23 engaging one of the pins 19 to hold the bottom
part of the face mask against the face of the user 10. Shown mostly
in broken outline is one of the intermediate arms 24 engaging the
intermediate pin 18. Shown mostly in broken outline is the upper
arm 26 engaging the upper pin 17. The diver stretches each of the
resilient mounting arms 23, 24 and 26 to the desired degree so that
the mask is held against his face with a firmness that is desired
by the diver. This gives a very strong mounting of the face mask 11
to the diver's head 10, but the tension is usually selected so that
the diver can quickly remove the face mask by stretching the arms
23, 24 and 26. While it would be possible to use nonstretching
material for the mounting structure, this type of mounting has led
to accidents wherein the diver was not able to remove the mask
quickly enough to obtain an auxiliary source of air.
After the diver has mounted his face mask 11 to his face by using
the mounting structure 20 of FIG. 4, as just described, he then
places the helmet on top of his head and on top of the mounting
structure 20. This is done by hooking the top part of the helmet
into the top pin 17. Referring to FIG. 6, there is illustrated a
rectangular reinforcement 28 of metal or any suitable material,
riveted or otherwise secured to the top edge of the helmet 12. This
reinforcement 28 has a slot 29 formed through it, and the same slot
is formed in the material of the helmet 12. The slot 29 is
preferably of a keyhole shape when a headed pin is used, such as
the pin 17. The circular part of the keyhole slot is big enough to
fit over the round head of the pin 17 and the narrow part of the
keyhole slot 29 receives the shank of the pin 17.
After the diver has placed the keyhole slot of FIG. 6 over the pin
17, he then rotates it in a clockwise direction about pin 17 until
the helmet engages the fulcrum pins 18 disposed one on each side of
the face plate. Illustrated in FIG. 7 is a portion of the helmet 12
having a reinforcement 31 secured thereto about a fulcrum slot 32.
The slot 32 fits around the shank of the fulcrum pin 18.
The lower part of the helmet is pulled tight against the fulcrum
pins 18 at the region of the slots 32 and this, in turn, forces the
shank of the top pin 17 into the narrow part of the keyhole slot 29
of FIG. 6. This pulling of the lower part of the helmet is best
done by means of a resilient tension member shown in FIGS. 1 and 5.
Any desired type of resilient material may be used, such as a
helical spring or shock cord of suitable type, and I have found
that surgical tubing is extremely durable and resilient and prefer
at present to use this. Four holes 34 are formed at the rear part
of the helmet 12 and the tension member 33 is threaded through
these in an appropriate fashion to deliver the tension force to the
lower part of the helmet 12. Suitable eyes 36 may be secured to the
ends of the tension member 33 in any suitable fashion and these
should be of a diameter big enough to fit over the round head of
the lower pins 19. Shown in FIG. 1 are the tension members 32
stretched due to their eyes 36 fitting over the lower pins 19.
Shown best in FIG. 5 are a number of holes 37 formed over the
surface of the helmet 12. These permit air to escape so that the
helmet will not be buoyant. Referring particularly to FIG. 1, it
will be noted that the helmet 12 has a thin shell and that this
shell is spaced from the head 10 of the diver. This space is
preferably on the order of three-quarters of an inch to 1 inch. The
helmet itself may be formed of any lightweight but strong material,
such as aluminum or other metal or fiberglass.
OPERATION
In operation, the diver picks up the mounting structure 20 of FIG.
4 and snaps the various arms 23, 24 and 26 over the respective pins
19, 18 and 17 of the face mask 11. He then stretches these arms
sufficiently to slip the face mask over his face and then readjust
the arms 23, 24 and 26, if necessary, to obtain a desired amount of
pull or tension in these arms to hold the face mask against his
face against any accidental blows that might knock it off. The
connection of the top arm 26 to the mask is shown in FIG. 3.
With the face mask securely in position, the diver then places the
helmet 12 on the face mask. This is done by slipping the round part
of the keyhole slot 29 of FIG. 6 over the top pin 17 of FIG. 1, and
then rotating the helmet clockwise in FIG. 1 until the fulcrum
slots 32 of FIG. 7 engage the fulcrum pins 18 of FIG. 1. He
thereupon grasps both ends of the tension cords 33 and stretches
them until their eyes 36 (FIG. 8) fit over the lower pins 19 on the
face mask. This combination is shown on FIG. 1 and there the cord
33 pulls the lower part of the helmet 12 against the fulcrum pins
18 (one on each side of the face mask 11) and this, in turn,
rotates the top part of the helmet clockwise, causing the smaller
part of the keyhole slot 29 of FIG. 6 to engage the shank of the
pin 17.
It will be noted in FIG. 1 that the helmet 12 is spaced from the
head 10 of the user. Therefore, if any blows are delivered to the
back of the helmet 12, they will be transmitted to pins 17 and 18
and these, in turn, will transmit them to the mounting structure 20
of FIG. 4. The arms 23, 24 and 26 will then stretch an appropriate
amount to absorb the shock of the blows to the helmet. Blows
directed to the top of the helmet 12 will be similarly absorbed,
but primarily by the top strap or arm 26. The holes 37 in the
helmet permit the escape of air so that there is no buoyancy that
needs to be ballasted against.
OTHER MATTERS
It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the fulcrum
action around pins 18 could be obtained by putting a keyhole slot
structure interconnecting the bottom part of the face mask 11 and
the bottom part of the helmet 12 and with a tension member at the
top of the helmet 12. However, the illustrated combination of the
resilient member at the bottom allows for a quicker removal of the
helmet in the event of emergency. It will also be appreciated by
those skilled in the art that the tension member 33 could be formed
of nonelastic or nonresilient material. However, as a safety factor
this should be resilient so that it can be quickly stretched by the
diver and the helmet removed, probably at the same time removing
the face mask by stretching the appropriate arms 23, 24 and 26.
Connectors other than a pin and slot will occur to those skilled in
the art, and could include, for example, a hinge at the top of the
helmet. Various other modifications and variations will be apparent
and the following claims include all such modifications and
variations that fall within the true spirit and scope of the
invention.
* * * * *