U.S. patent number 3,622,745 [Application Number 04/876,816] was granted by the patent office on 1971-11-23 for thermal bonding means for electrographic apparatus.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Standard Telephones and Cables Limited. Invention is credited to Stanley Carden Shepard.
United States Patent |
3,622,745 |
Shepard |
November 23, 1971 |
THERMAL BONDING MEANS FOR ELECTROGRAPHIC APPARATUS
Abstract
Thermal bonding means with reduced power requirements for fixing
powder particles to a web of paper in electrographic apparatus. The
thermal bonding means utilize the direct application of infrared
heat to the paper and in addition provide indirect heating by means
which utilize the waste heat from the infrared application. The
indirect means absorb the waste heat initially and reapply it so as
to heat the paper and powder particles before and during the direct
application of infrared heat.
Inventors: |
Shepard; Stanley Carden (Old
Harlow, EN) |
Assignee: |
Standard Telephones and Cables
Limited (London, EN)
|
Family
ID: |
9741702 |
Appl.
No.: |
04/876,816 |
Filed: |
November 14, 1969 |
Foreign Application Priority Data
|
|
|
|
|
Jan 16, 1969 [GB] |
|
|
2,558/69 |
|
Current U.S.
Class: |
219/216;
219/78.13; 250/315.3; 219/388; 432/7 |
Current CPC
Class: |
G03G
15/2007 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
G03G
15/20 (20060101); H05b 001/00 () |
Field of
Search: |
;219/216,388,65.1
;250/65.2 ;355/3,8,10,11,12 ;117/17.5 ;34/77 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Albritton; C. L.
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. In apparatus of the type wherein charge patterns are formed on a
recording surface and developed by charge attractable powder
particles coated with a thermal fixing agent, and in which the
powdered patterns are then transferred to a substrate surface,
thermal bonding means for forming a permanent record of the charge
patterns on the substrate surface, comprising first means for
directly heating the powder pattern formed on the substrate
surface, and second means which utilize heat radiated by said first
means to indirectly heat the powder pattern before it is heated by
said first means, said second means including fluid-circulating
means, part of which forms a portion of said first means and the
remainder of which is arranged to heat the powder pattern before it
is heated by said first means and a fluid supply source connected
to said fluid-circulating means, said fluid-circulating means
having a lamp housing member having an extended portion with a pair
of major surfaces such that one of the major surfaces of the
extended portion is arranged adjacent to that part of the substrate
surface which is subsequently heated by said first means, a first
plurality of metal pipes to the other of the major surfaces of said
extended portion and to a surface of said lamp housing member, a
metal plate member having a pair of major surfaces one of which is
situated adjacent to the one major surface of the extended portion
of the lamp housing member in a manner such that a gap is provided
therebetween, the length of said plate member being such that it
extends at least along the same section of the substrate as said
extended portion of the lamp housing member, and a second plurality
of metal pipes connected to the other of the major surfaces of the
plate member, wherein the bores of said first plurality of pipes
are connected at one end thereof to one end of the bores of said
second plurality of pipes, and wherein the other ends of said bores
of said first and second plurality of pipes are connected to said
fluid supply source.
2. In apparatus of the type wherein charge patterns are formed on a
recording surface and developed by charge attractable powder
particles coated with a thermal fixing agent, and in which the
powdered patterns are then transferred to a substrate surface,
thermal bonding means for forming a permanent record of the charge
patterns on the substrate surface comprising first means for
directly heating the powder pattern on the substrate surface
including at least one elongated radiant heating element, and
second means for absorbing the waste heat generated by said first
means and applying said absorbed heat to the substrate prior to the
application of said direct heat to like portions of the substrate,
said second means including a housing substantially forming with
said substrate an enclosure around said heating element, and a
heating plate section physically and thermally connected to said
housing in front thereof in the direction of travel of the
substrate, said heating plate section being arranged to be in
contact with the substrate in order to impart thereto the absorbed
waste heat from said first means by way of conduction in the
preheating mode.
3. The arrangement according to claim 2 wherein said second means
heat the powder pattern before and during the time it is heated by
said first means.
4. The arrangement according to claim 2 wherein said first means
include a source of infrared heat and said second means include
fluid-circulating means, part of which forms a portion of said
first means.
5. The arrangement according to claim 2 wherein the source of
infrared heat includes at least one infrared lamp enclosed within a
metallic housing member having a reflecting inner surface, and
means for connecting a source of electrical supply to said infrared
lamp.
6. The arrangement according to claim 15 wherein said second means
include fluid-circulating means, part of which forms a portion of
said first means and the remainder of which is arranged to heat the
powder pattern before it is heated by said first means, and a fluid
supply source connected to said fluid-circulating means.
7. The arrangement according to claim 6 wherein said part of the
fluid-circulating means includes a hollow lamp housing member and
said remainder of the fluid-circulating means is an extension of
said hollow lamp housing member such that a major surface of the
extended hollow part is arranged to be adjacent to and to effect
the heating of that part of the substrate surface which is
subsequently heated by said first means, wherein said remainder of
the fluid-circulating means further includes a second hollow member
a major surface of which is situated adjacent to said major surface
of the extended hollow part of said hollow lamp housing member in a
manner such that a gap is provided therebetween, said second hollow
member being positioned to at least heat the same section of the
substrate as said extended hollow part of said hollow lamp housing
member and connected at one end to said extended part of said
hollow lamp housing member, and wherein said fluid supply source is
connected between the other end of said second hollow member and
said hollow lamp housing member.
8. The arrangement according to claim 6 wherein said
fluid-circulating means include lamp housing member having an
extended portion with a pair of major surfaces such that one of the
major surfaces of the extended portion is arranged adjacent to that
part of the substrate surface which is subsequently heated by said
first means, a first plurality of metal pipes to the other of the
major surfaces of said extended portion and to a surface of said
lamp housing member, a metal plate member having a pair of major
surfaces one of which is situated adjacent to the one major surface
of the extended portion of the lamp housing member in a manner such
that a gap is provided therebetween, the length of said plate
member being such that it extends at least along the same section
of the substrate as said extended portion of the lamp housing
member, and a second plurality of metal pipes connected to the
other of the major surfaces of the plate member, wherein the bores
of said first plurality of pipes are connected at one end thereof
to one end of the bores of said second plurality of pipes, and
wherein the other ends of said bores of said first and second
plurality of pipes are connected to said fluid supply source.
9. The arrangement according to claim 7 wherein said fluid supply
source includes a reservoir of fluid, the inlet of which is
connected to said fluid-circulating means, and a fluid pump, the
input side of which is connected to the reservoir outlet and the
output side of which is connected to said fluid-circulating
means.
10. The arrangement according to claim 9 wherein a heater unit is
provided in said reservoir.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The invention relates to electrographic apparatus.
The electrographic apparatus to which the invention relates is
defined as apparatus of the kind wherein the recording surface of
either a print drum or band is selectively magnetized or
electrostatically charged to form a pattern or latent image thereon
representative of information contained in a signal applied to the
apparatus, wherein the print drum or band is passed through or
relative to a powder applicator containing powder which is coated
with a thermal fixing agent and which is attracted to the
electromagnetically or electrostatically formed latent image to
develop same and to form a powder image which may be viewed at a
display position of the apparatus and/or transferred to a surface
of a substrate by printing means which form part of the apparatus,
and wherein the substrate is passed through or relative to thermal
bonding means which form part of the apparatus and which cause the
transferred powder pattern to be bonded to the substrate
surface.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The invention provides an electrographic apparatus of the kind as
defined above wherein the thermal bonding means include first means
for directly heating the powder pattern formed on the substrate
surface, and second means which utilize heat radiated by the first
means to indirectly heat the powder pattern before it is heated by
the first means.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The foregoing and other features according to the invention will be
better understood from the following description with reference to
the accompanying drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 diagrammatically illustrates an electrographic apparatus
according to the invention, and
FIGS. 2A-2C respectively diagrammatically illustrate a sectioned
side elevation, an end elevation and a sectioned end elevation of a
practical arrangement for the thermal bonding means which form part
of the electrographic apparatus illustrated in the drawing
according to FIG. 1.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
Referring to FIG. 1, the electrographic apparatus diagrammatically
illustrated therein is one arrangement according to the invention
and includes; a print drum 1 which is rotatable in the direction of
the arrow `A` by means not shown in the drawing; a recording head
assembly 2 for selectively magnetizing or electrostatically
charging the recording surface 3 of the print drum 1 as it is
rotated therepast to form a pattern or latent image thereon
representative of information contained in a signal applied to the
apparatus; a powder applicator 4 containing powder which is coated
with a thermal fixing agent, for example a thermoplastic resin or
wax, and which is attracted to the electromagnetically or
electrostatically formed latent image to develop same and to form a
powder image which may be viewed at a display position (not shown
in the drawing) of the apparatus; a paper supply reel 6 from which
a continuous web of paper 7 is fed over a pressure roller 5 which
is rotatable in the direction of the arrow `B` and which causes the
surface 8 of the paper 7 to be pressed against the recording
surface 3 of the print drum 1 in a manner such that the powder
pattern on the recording surface 3 is transferred to the surface 8
of the paper 7, the linear speeds of the recording surface 3 and
the surface 8 of the paper 7 being at this point the same; and
thermal bonding means, indicated generally by reference 9, through
which the web of paper 7 is passed, i.e. in the direction of the
arrow `C,` in order to cause the powder pattern to be bonded to the
surface 8 thereof before it is delivered to the outside of the
apparatus at a suitable delivery point.
The recording surface 3 of the print drum 1 completes its circuit
by passing through or relative to a cleansing unit 10 whereat
residual powder is removed from the recording surface 3. It then
returns to the recording head assembly 2; and depending on the mode
of operation of the latter, a preliminary erasive process,
indicated in FIG. 1 by the presence of an electrostatic or
electromagnetic erasure unit 11, may or may not be required.
It is to be noted that the print drum 1 could be replaced by a
print band guided in a closed loop by a series of rollers.
It will be evident that if the pressure roller 5 is permanently
biased towards the recording surface 3 the apparatus will print all
information displayed by it as soon as the band or drum moves round
through the printing station. While this mode of operation is
possible it may not necessarily be desirable. The mode of operation
may be such that an operator is presented with continuously varying
input data and has the option of obtaining a permanent copy of any
section of the displayed information he desires. In this instance
it would be necessary for the operator to be able to control the
application of the pressure roller 5 to the recording surface 3,
for example by means of a remotely operated solenoid fitted to the
roller 5, and to correspondingly control the supply of the
continuous web of paper 7.
The term `information` is here used in its widest sense and the
apparatus may be used equally to display and provide permanent
copies of alphabetical or numerical matter, pictorial matter such
as graphs, diagrams or maps, or facsimile productions of any type
of original. In most cases code conversion will be required in the
driving circuits of the recording head assembly 2 in order to
create the pattern or latent image corresponding, for example, to a
numerical input signal; on the other hand with certain forms of
head assembly and with an input derived from the line-by-line
scanning of an original, the input signals may be applied directly
to the elements of the recording head assembly 3.
The powder contained within the powder applicator 4 consists of
small powder particles (e.g. magnetic iron oxide when the latent
image is formed electromagnetically) which are coated with for
instance a thermoplastic resin having a melting point in the
temperature range 105.degree. C. to 115.degree. C. Thus the thermal
bonding means 9 render the powder pattern on the surface 8 of the
paper 7 permanent by heating it above its melting point so that the
resin melts and wets the surface 8. After cooling the resin
attaches the powder particles to the surface 8 of the paper 7
thereby providing a permanent copy which can withstand
handling.
The thermal bonding 9 diagrammatically illustrated in FIG. 1, in
order to reduce the power required to melt the resin and achieve an
economy in the overall power consumption for the electrographic
apparatus, effects the bonding of the powder pattern to the surface
8 of the paper 7 by directly heating it by infrared heat produced
by for example quartz-iodine lamps 12 and by indirectly heating it
by means which utilize the waste heat from the infrared lamps 12,
i.e. the heat absorbed by the reflectors and lamp housing of the
infrared lamps, before and during the time the powder pattern is
directly heated by the lamps 12.
As shown in FIG. 1, the lamps 12 are located within a housing 13 by
means not shown in the drawing. The housing 13, which is provided
with a polished inner surface 14 to cause the infrared heat to be
reflected towards the surface 8 of the paper 7, is either hollow or
provided with a suitable tubing system to allow water to be
circulated therein by means of a pump 15 from a reservoir 16. The
outlet of the pump 15 is connected to the housing 13 via a tube
18.
The water within the housing 13 which is heated by the infrared
heat radiated by the lamps 12 is passed through a heating plate
section 17 and then back to the reservoir 16 via an interconnecting
tube 20. The heating plate section 17 may be provided by either a
hollow member or a plate having a suitable tubing system connected
on one side thereof.
Thus during operation the heat absorbed by the reflector 14 and the
lamp housing 13 causes the circulating water to be heated,
therefore part of the heating plate section 17 and the lower part
21 of the lamp housing 13 raises the temperature of the paper 7 and
thereby the powder pattern thereon before it enters the infrared
heating region. The paper 7 would in practice be arranged to be in
contact with the inner surface of the plate section 17 so that heat
exchange would be by conduction.
On passing under the lamps 12 the temperature of the powder
particles which form the powder pattern on the surface 8 of the
paper 7 will, due to the infrared heat and the heat conducted from
part of the plate section 17, rise to melt the resin coating
thereof in order to facilitate the provision of the permanent
record.
The temperature of the circulating water will be continually
maintained by the heat absorbed by the lamp housing 13 and the
plate section 17 thereby causing the temperature of the paper
preheating section, i.e. formed by the lower part 21 of the lamp
housing 13 and that part of the plate section 17 situated directly
below the lower part 21 to be maintained. In practice, the lamp
housing 13, water reservoir 16 and plate section 17 would be
suitably lagged with heat insulating material to reduce heat
loss.
When first starting the electrographic apparatus the circulating
water temperature will not be at the required level to effect the
preheating of the paper 7. If this initial starting delay cannot be
tolerated, then a heater unit 22 could be provided within the
reservoir 22 to raise the temperature of the water 23 within the
reservoir 16 to say 80.degree. C. prior to starting the apparatus.
The heating unit 22 could also be used to maintain this water
temperature level when the lamps 12 are not in use, for example
during a mode of operation of the electrographic apparatus when
permanent copies are only required on demand, in which case the
lamps would only be switched on when a permanent copy is
required.
With this method of thermal bonding, start-stop or intermittent
paper feed modes would be aided since the temperature of the paper
would reach say 80.degree. C. in the preheating section during a
stop period.
It can thus be seen from the above that the preheating of the paper
7 by the lower part 21 of the lamp housing 13 and that part of the
plate section 17 situated directly below the lower part 21, as well
as the heating of the paper 7 by the plate section 17 during the
application of the infrared heat reduces the power required to melt
the resin and thereby achieves an economy in the overall power
required to bond the powder pattern to the surface 8 of the paper
7.
It should be noted that the heating plate 17 need only extend over
that length of the paper 7 covered by the lower part 21 of the lamp
housing 13, in which case the plate section 17 would only be
effective to preheat the paper 7. This arrangement of the thermal
bonding means would however result in a slight increase in the
power requirements of the apparatus.
A practical arrangement for the thermal bonding means which form
part of the electrographic apparatus illustrated in the drawing
according to FIG. 1 is diagrammatically illustrated in the drawings
according to FIGS. 2A-2C.
In this arrangement the lamp housing is formed by a metal plate 24,
for example of copper, having a trapezium-shaped depression
provided at one end thereof within which the lamps 12 are housed,
the trapezium-shaped side members 25 which are secured to the plate
24 by conventional techniques, for example by a brazing operation,
provide the means for mounting the lamps within the depression.
Electrical connector units 26 are fitted to a sidewall 53 of
one-half 34 of a housing member for the thermal bonding means into
which the lamps 12 are fitted to facilitate the connection thereto
of a source of electrical supply. The inner surface of the
depression which acts as the reflector for the lamps 12 is either
polished or provided with a surface coating of silver, chrome or
similar material.
A plurality of metal tubes 27, for example of copper, are secured
to the surface 28 of the plate 24 by conventional techniques, for
example by a brazing operation, and the bore of each of the tubes
27 is connected at one end to the bore of a tube 29 via a connector
block 30, while the other ends of the bores of the tubes 27 are
connected to the bore of a tube 31 via a connector block 32. The
tubes 29 and 31 which extend through a cover plate 33 for the half
34 of the housing member, would in practice respectively form part
of the connectors 19 and 18 illustrated in the drawing according to
FIG. 1.
The heating plate section 17 of FIG. 1 is in this arrangement of
the thermal bonding means provided by a metal plate 35 having a
plurality of metal tubes 36, for example of copper, secured to the
surface 37 thereof by conventional techniques, for example by a
brazing operation. The bore of each of the tubes 36 are connected
at one end to the bore of a tube 38 via a connector block 39 and at
the other end to the bore of a tube 40 via a connector block 41.
The tubes 38 and 40 which extend through a cover plate 42 for the
other half 43 of the housing member, would in practice respectively
form part of the connectors 19 and 20 illustrated in the drawing
according to FIG. 1.
The half 34 of the housing member which is constructed from a
thermal insulation material, for example asbestos, and which
comprises the sidewall 53, the cover plate 33, a sidewall 44 and
end walls 45 completely encloses the tube 27 system, the free space
46 within this enclosure being filled with a thermal insulation
material, for example vermiculite.
The half 43 of the housing member which is constructed from a
thermal insulation material, for example asbestos, and which
comprises the cover plate 42, sidewalls 47 and 48 and end walls 49
completely encloses the tube 36 system, the free space 50 within
this enclosure being filled with a thermal insulation material, for
example vermiculite.
The sidewalls 53, 44 and 47, 48 of the two halves 34 and 43 of the
housing member extend beyond the plates 24 and 35 to provide a gap
52 therebetween when the two halves of the housing member are
connected together by means not illustrated in the drawings. The
mating edges of the end walls 45 and 49 of the two halves 34 and 43
of the housing member are slotted to provide an aperture 51 at each
end of the housing member thereby facilitating the passing of the
paper 7 into and out of the gap 52.
Thus in operation the lamp 12 connector units 26 are connected to a
source of electrical supply, the bores of tubes 29 and 38 are
connected together, the bore of the tube 31 is connected to the
output of a water supply source i.e. to the discharge side of the
pump 15 in FIG. 1, and the bore of the tube 40 is connected to the
input of the water supply source i.e. to the top of the reservoir
16 in FIG. 1.
* * * * *