U.S. patent number 3,621,198 [Application Number 04/745,656] was granted by the patent office on 1971-11-16 for apparatus for heat operating a workpiece with the aid of an optical projection of a radiation source.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Messer Griesheim G.m.b.H., Frankfurt am Main, Federal. Invention is credited to DE, Horst Herbrich.
United States Patent |
3,621,198 |
|
November 16, 1971 |
APPARATUS FOR HEAT OPERATING A WORKPIECE WITH THE AID OF AN OPTICAL
PROJECTION OF A RADIATION SOURCE
Abstract
An apparatus for the heating, melting, welding, brazing, cutting
and the like of a workpiece with the aid of the optical projection
of a radiation source. The radiation source is disposed within a
radiation focusing chamber at one focal point thereof and the
radiation therefrom exits the chamber through a radiation outlet to
impinge on a second external working focal point. A pressurized
gas, which may be a cooling gas, protective gas or reactive gas may
be introduced into at least a portion of the chamber. The gas
discharges through the radiation outlet and prevents entry into the
chamber of damaging vapors which develop during use of the
apparatus. The chamber may be divided by a radiation permeable
partition into a pair of compartments; a first containing the
radiation source and a second having the radiation outlet. The gas
may be introduced into the first compartment to exit through an
aperture in the partition into the second compartment for discharge
through the outlet. Alternatively a first gas may be introduced
into the first compartment and a second gas may be introduced into
the second compartment whereby both gases, either mixed or unmixed
are discharged through the outlet. In other embodiments, the first
compartment may be sealed and the gas or gases introduced directly
into the second compartment. The second compartment may include a
narrow tube disposed substantially coaxial with an imaginary line
interconnecting the foci for directing a concentrated stream of a
gas toward the workpiece. A fiber optic rod may be mounted at the
radiation outlet to provide a concentrated radiation at a point
removed from the second focus. The rod may have a bore for passage
of the pressurized gas from the chamber.
Inventors: |
Horst Herbrich (Frankfurt am
Main, Federal Republic of), DE (N/A) |
Assignee: |
Messer Griesheim G.m.b.H.,
Frankfurt am Main, Federal (N/A)
|
Family
ID: |
5683079 |
Appl.
No.: |
04/745,656 |
Filed: |
July 15, 1968 |
Foreign Application Priority Data
|
|
|
|
|
Jul 14, 1967 [DE] |
|
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16 27 554.0 |
|
Current U.S.
Class: |
392/420;
219/85.12; 219/121.74; 219/269; 250/381; 250/504R; 607/93;
219/121.73; 219/121.84; 250/399; 392/421 |
Current CPC
Class: |
B23K
1/005 (20130101); B23K 7/00 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
B23K
7/00 (20060101); B23K 1/005 (20060101); H05b
003/02 (); A61n 005/06 () |
Field of
Search: |
;219/377,373,343,368-370,85,339-358 ;128/395-398 ;250/85-89 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Foreign Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: A. Bartis
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Ernest F. Marmorek
Claims
Having thus described the invention, what I claim as new and desire
to be
1. An electric apparatus for heating, melting, welding, soldering
and cutting work pieces by focusing reflected radiation from a
source thereof towards a portion of the work piece, comprising a
reflector chamber structure defining a pair of foci, one focus
being located within said chamber and the other located at a point
outside said chamber, a source of radiation disposed at said one
focus within said chamber, means defining a radiation outlet for
said chamber, and including a tapered reflective portion, for the
projection of the reflected radiation toward said other focus to
heat at least said portion of said work piece, and a gas nozzle
including a narrow cylindrical tube disposed within said tapered
portion and substantially coaxial with an imaginary line
interconnecting said foci and being fed from a gas source and
directing a concentrated stream of said gas towards the heated
portion of said work
2. In an apparatus, as claimed in claim 24, and a conduit
conducting said
3. In an apparatus, as claimed in claim 1, a radiation permeable
partition
4. In an apparatus, as claimed in claim 3, said partition including
a lens.
5. An electric apparatus, as claimed in claim 3, said gas nozzle
including a tubular part upstream of said cylindrical tube and
disposed within said
6. An electric apparatus, as claimed in claim 1, and a second
nozzle operable to be fed from a second gas source and to feed said
second gas into said tapered portion from where the second gas will
be discharged
7. An electric apparatus, as claimed in claim 1, and gas supply
means operable to deliver a second gas from a second source into
said tapered
8. An electric apparatus, as claimed in claim 1, said gas supply
means including a connector delivering said second gas near the
outer region of said tapered portion, whereby said second gas will
surround the stream of said first gas as it exits from said tube.
Description
The invention relates to an apparatus for the heating, melting,
welding, brazing, cutting and the like, of a workpiece, with the
aid of an optical projection of a radiation source, with the
workpiece being placed in a focal point, and the light source being
disposed within the radiation focusing chamber.
During working with apparatus of the aforesaid type, vapors develop
which have a detrimental effect in that they penetrate into the
chamber and precipitate on the internal surfaces of the chamber and
hence impair the mirror effect of the chamber. After a short while,
this renders the chamber useless.
Attempts have been made to ameliorate this condition by providing
near the exit outlet of the chamber a protecting disc, for instance
composed of quartz glass; but these attempts have not met with
success, because the vapors precipitated on the protective disc,
and impaired the radiation permeability thereof after only a short
use. While it is possible to clean the protective disc with a
suitable cleaning arrangement, the aggressive ingredients within
the vapors often attack the material of the protective disc again
impairing the radiation permeability thereof. It needs further to
be considered that as the radiation permeability is impaired, the
radiation absorption increases at the inverse ratio. Thus the
protective disc may be heated sufficiently so that it will
melt.
It is accordingly among the principal objects of the invention to
avoid the above-noted disadvantages.
It is another object of the invention to provide an apparatus of
the aforesaid type which is highly wear resistant and permits the
continuous working over long periods of time without
interruption.
Further objects and advantages of the invention will be set forth
in part in the following specification and in part will be obvious
therefrom without being specifically referred to, the same being
realized and attained as pointed out in the claims hereof.
Generally speaking, these aims are achieved in accordance with the
instant invention by the arrangement of a gas discharge at the
chamber, which discharge is directed towards the workpiece.
The gas which is discharged, in accordance with an embodiment of
the invention, from the chamber prevents due to its corresponding
overpressure the entrance of vapors into the chamber.
It is also possible to conduct the gas on the exterior to the
discharge outlet of the chamber and thus to block the entry into
the chamber of the damaging vapors.
The exiting gas may, however, furthermore be used for cooling, for
instance of the radiation source. Furthermore, the gas may be used
for varying the temperature at the workpiece simply by varying the
rate of flow of the gas; for instance, the gas that has been heated
in the chamber may be used for heating the material where the
material is synthetic resin to be welded.
The gas may furthermore be used as a protective gas, for instance
during the welding of easily oxidizing material.
Where oxygen is used as the gas, it may be utilized for flame
cutting in connection with the workpiece.
An apparatus of the above-described type usually is composed of the
chamber, that is formed of two material parts, one of which has an
ellipsoid shape and the other a spherical shape, and preferably has
a conical discharge portion that serves as a radiation guide. The
gas may be conducted directly into the chamber, or into the
discharge portion thereof; if it is conducted into the discharge
portion, it is advantageous to arrange a radiation permeable
partition, such as a disc, or a lens, between the chamber and the
discharge portion, and the partition may have an aperture for the
passage of the gases.
The chamber itself may in this manner be closed hermetically,
thereby reducing greatly the gas consumption.
The aperture in the disc or collective lens is particularly
suitable where it is desired to conduct towards the chamber exit
two different gases, for instance cutting oxygen and a protective
gas to surround the oxygen. It is particularly suitable, in
connection with this example, to conduct the cutting oxygen near
the rearward end of the chamber, so that the oxygen may be heated
in the chamber and at the same time will have a cooling effect on
the chamber. In the aperture of the partition there may be arranged
a small tube that conducts the oxygen directly towards the outlet
opening of the discharge portion. The second gas, for instance, an
inert gas, may be conducted to the discharge portion from the side.
Upon exiting, the central oxygen will be concentrically surrounded
by the inert protective gas.
The instant invention, as previously alluded to, is suitable for
many different operations on the workpiece. Generally, however, it
has been found suitable to place the workpiece within the free
focal point of the chamber, as in the other focal point of the
elliptical part of the chamber there is arranged the radiation
source; this arrangement of the workpiece has the advantage to
achieve the highest heat concentration in that position.
It is also possible to move the workpiece somewhat away from the
free or working focal point, for instance in order to vary the
magnitude of the heat transmitted to the workpiece. It is
furthermore possible to relocate the effective position of the
working focal point by the application of suitable radiation
guides. In accordance with one embodiment of the instant invention,
there is accordingly provided near the outlet of the chamber or of
the discharge portion thereof, a fiber optic.
The utilization of such a fiber optic makes it possible to provide
a concentrated radiation energy even at a greater distance from the
radiation generator, such as the chamber. The apparatus which
includes the fiber optic in accordance with the instant invention
is particularly suitable for surgical operations, for instance for
melting cells in brain surgery. This arrangement has the advantage
to avoid the occurrence of disturbing electromagnetic stray fields,
that had been experienced with apparatus of this type in the
past.
As the heat radiation converges after the exit from the fiber
optic, it is recommended to arrange near the exit surface of the
fiber optic a collective lens.
The instant invention is furthermore useful for the welding of
synthetic resins.
The instant invention also finds use in the glass industry. For
instance, it may suitably be employed, for instance, for the
closing by fusing of evacuated receptacles, ampuls and the like.
The invention also provides for welding within the evacuated
receptacles.
The fiber optic which is connected to the chamber structure may
either be of the rigid or flexible type. Glass fiber rods, for
instance, are composed of several thousand light guide fibers which
are fused together throughout their entire lengths and form a rigid
system. Also the use of a rigid or flexible fiber optic cross
section adjuster is feasible. It includes a bundle of light guide
fibers which is united at both ends to different cross sections.
The concentration may in this manner be changed very simply and
with but few losses. One-armed or multiple-armed flexible light
guides may be utilized to propagate the radiation energy to any
desired paths. Where multiple-armed light guides are used, they
permit the distribution of the radiation energy onto several
objects. Due to the flexibility of the individual arms, any
relative motion between the radiation source and the radiation
recipient may thus be met in a simple manner.
The fiber optic furthermore permits the guiding of a protective gas
near the exit surface thereof. For instance, it is advantageous, in
order to avoid the precipitation of damaging vapors at the frontal
surface of the fiber optic, to provide in the fiber optic a central
exit passage for the gas.
A further possibility, in accordance with the invention, for
conducting the gas provides for a separate gas pipe on the exterior
of the fiber optic. The fiber optic communicates interiorly with an
annular shell that is located near the frontal surface of the fiber
optic and has a central opening, so that the gas forms a shielding
curtain for the frontal surface. This embodiment is particularly
suitable where the fiber optic is formed in accordance with a bent
rod.
A further modification provides that the gas conduit forms a sleeve
that surrounds the fiber optic and defines therewith an annular
space, and the gas emanates from that space in an annular
stream.
The foregoing and other objects of the invention will be best
understood from the following description of exemplifications
thereof, reference being had to the accompanying drawings,
wherein:
FIG. 1 is a fragmentary schematic elevational view of an apparatus
in accordance with an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a large-scale elevational view, partly in section, of a
projection chamber of the embodiment shown in FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a large-scale elevational view, partly in section, of the
embodiment of FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 is a schematic sectional view of a chamber structure,
embodying a modification;
FIG. 4a is a fragmentary schematic sectional view similar to a
portion of FIG. 4 but embodying a modification.
FIG. 5 is a fragmentary schematic sectional view, similar to a
portion of FIG. 4, but embodying a further modification;
FIG. 6 is a fragmentary sectional view similar to FIG. 5, but
embodying a further modification;
FIG. 7 is a fragmentary sectional view, similar to FIG. 4 but
embodying still a further modification;
FIG. 8 is a schematic sectional view, similar to FIGS. 4 and 7, but
embodying another modification;
FIG. 9 is a schematic sectional view similar to FIG. 8, but showing
a further modification; and
FIG. 10 is a fragmentary schematic sectional view, similar to a
part of FIG. 9, but embodying still another modification.
The embodiment shown in FIGS. 1-3 may, at the choice of the
operator, be used for either welding or flame cutting. It comprises
a chamber structure 10 that is mounted on an arm 11 which is
pivoted to a sleeve, the latter being movable on a column 12. A
screw 13 serves to arrest the arm 11 in a selected position. The
column 12 is mounted on a table 14 on which there is deposited a
workpiece 15.
As best shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the chamber of the chamber
structure 10 comprises two parts, namely an ellipsoid part 16 that
has a circular cross section, and a spherical part 17. The parts 16
and 17 are interconnected by means of flanges 18 and 19,
respectively, which are held together by means of screws 20. The
inner surfaces 21 and 22 of the parts 16 and 17 are lined with a
mirror layer, preferably composed of gold. In one focal point of
the ellipsoid part 21, there is mounted the radiation source 23
that delivers the energy for the operation to be performed on the
workpiece 15. The focal point for the source 23 at the same time
constitutes the center of the spherical portion 17.
The radiation source may be halogen-quartz lamp, or a gas-discharge
lamp, or an arc lamp, or the like. The choice of the radiation
source, and of the wave length of the radiation depends on the use
to which the apparatus is put. For instance, the apparatus may be
used to propagate radiation in the infrared portion of the
spectrum, or within the ultraviolet portion of the spectrum.
The mounting of the radiation source 23 is indicated in FIG. 3, and
includes mounting means 30. It is primarily composed of ceramic
tubes that surround the current carrying conductors, and the
ceramic tubes have a mirror surface to avoid the absorption of heat
radiation. The ceramic tubes are mounted at the flange 18 by means
of a clamp 32 and screws 33. To connect the radiation source to a
source of current, there is provided a conductor 35 and a connector
36. The conductor 35 connects the connector 36 with a switching
unit 34 which, in turn, is connected to an electric source. The
voltage and voltage time may be adjusted by means of knobs 37 and
38, respectively.
The rays radiated by the radiation source 23 arrive, partly
directly and partly indirectly by reflection from the internal
surfaces 21, 22, at the second focal point 24 of the ellipsoid part
16. To illustrate the paths of the radiation more fully, three
characteristic rays have been shown in FIG. 3. A first ray 66
proceeds directly from the source 23 to the focal point 24. A
second ray 67 is reflected by the surface 21 and thence is
reflected to the focal point 24. A third ray 68 is reflected back
onto itself from the surface 22 of the spherical part 17, and
proceeds back through the focal point of the source 23 to the face
21 from where it is reflected into the focal point 24.
The focal point 24 is disposed outside the chamber and constitutes
the so-called working focal point. As the greatest heat
concentration exists in the working focal point 24, the workpiece
15 is usually arranged there, as shown in FIG. 1.
The heat rays that are radiated by the source 23 are discharged
through an outlet 25 of the chamber structure 10. A discharge
portion 26 is provided for collecting in an exact manner the heat
rays in the focal point 24. The discharge portion 26 is mounted on
the part 17, by means of a flange 27 and screws 28. The discharge
portion 26 has an external as well as an internal conical surface,
and its internal conical surface 29 is lined with a strongly
reflecting layer, similar to that of the internal surfaces 21 and
22 of the parts 16 and 17, respectively.
The heat concentration in the focal point 24 causes melting of the
workpiece 15 which, in turn, generates vapors. These vapors have
the tendency to enter into the chamber through the outlet 39 (see
FIG. 4) of the discharge portion 26 and to precipitate on the inner
mirror surfaces 21, 22 and 29. By this precipitation, these
internal surfaces gradually would lose their reflecting capability,
which would result in a relatively short time in a reduced
efficiency and subsequent total uselessness of the apparatus.
To meet that danger, the invention provides for the supplying of
gases. In accordance with an embodiment of the invention, gas is
supplied to the interior of the chamber, and is discharged through
the outlet 39 in the direction of the workpiece 15, and by this
overpressure prevents the damaging vapors from entering into the
interior of the chamber structure 10.
As best shown in FIG. 1, two conduits 40 and 41 are provided for
the gas, that are connected to gas bottles 42 and 43, respectively.
The gas may be an inert protective gas, and it is sufficient to
conduct the inert gas into the discharge portion 26, by means of
the gas conduit 40. For flame cutting, the gas will be oxygen. For
oxygen, it is recommended to guide the gas directly into the
interior of the chamber 16, 17; and the oxygen may be heated in the
interior of the chamber, thereby greatly improving the efficiency
of the subsequent flame cutting.
Where the gas is conducted into the discharge portion 26, the gas
consumption may be held to a minimum by the provision of a
partition between the chamber 16,17 and the discharge portion 26. A
partition of this type may be a collective lens or a disc. Such a
protective partition disc 44 is shown in FIG. 2. It needs to be to
a large extent radiation permeable and hence suitably be composed
of quartz glass. The partition 44 furthermore protects the interior
surfaces of the parts 16,17 from any occurring sprays which cannot
be prevented by the exiting gases from entering through the outlet
39. Furthermore, the chamber 16,17 may be closed by the partition
44 hermetically to such an extent that the chamber 16,17 may be
evacuated so that radiation source, for instance a tungsten coil
may be used without protective shield in the chamber 16,17.
The two gases, namely a protective gas and oxygen may, depending on
the use to which the apparatus is put, be guided towards the
chamber 16,17 selectively and alternatively. For certain purposes,
however, it is most suitable to use both gases simultaneously.
Furthermore, it is possible to provide for air cooling of the
chamber 16,17, for instance as shown in FIG. 1, where cooled air is
pressed into the chamber 16,17 by means of a blower 45 and exits
through a discharge nozzle 46.
Simultaneous conducting of oxygen and a protective gas is shown in
the modifications of FIGS. 4-7. In the exemplification of FIG. 4,
the part 16 is provided near its rear with a connector for
receiving oxygen. The oxygen flows through the chamber 16,17 and
cools the interior thereof and at the same time is heated.
Subsequently, the oxygen exits through an aperture 46 in the
partition 47, and a little tube 48 is fitted into said aperture 46a
for conducting the oxygen to the outlet 39 of the discharge portion
26. The discharge portion 26 has on its side a receiving connector
49 by means of which the protective gas is conducted into the
interior of the discharge portion 26. At the outlet 39, the exiting
oxygen will be surrounded by an annular stream of the protective
gas. A modification of the apparatus of FIG. 4 is shown in FIG. 4a.
In this modification, the partition is formed as a lens 47a having
an aperture 46a in which a tube 48a is fixed. The gas is conducted
through tube 48a and exits from outlet 39.
In a similar manner, the exiting of both gases will be accomplished
with the modifications of FIGS. 5, 6 and 7.
In FIG. 5, the oxygen is not brought into the chamber 16,17, but is
conducted into the discharge portion 26, by means of a connector 52
and a passage 53 that is formed in the partition 54 that
communicates interiorly with a discharge tube 55 that leads the
oxygen to the outlet 39 in a concentrated stream towards the
workpiece 15.
In accordance with FIG. 6, the oxygen is also delivered directly
into the interior of the discharge portion 26, by means of a
connector 50 and a tube 51 that is bent at a right angle leading
axially to the outlet 39 and discharges the oxygen in the direction
towards the workpiece 15.
In FIG. 7, the oxygen is conducted into the chamber 16,17 from the
side, by means of a connector 56 and a right-angled tube 58 that
leads to the outlet 39 for discharging the oxygen in a direction
towards the workpiece near the focal point 24. The oxygen, though
conducted through the chamber 16,17, is not permitted to expand in
that chamber, but merely passes through the chamber within the tube
58.
In FIG. 8, there is shown a chamber 59 that has an ellipsoid part
60 and a spherical part 61. The ellipsoid part 60 is far larger
than the spherical part 61. The chamber is so arranged that the
aforesaid working focal point at 24 is disposed on the outermost
point of the spherical part 61. To the outlet 62 of the chamber 59
there is connected a fiber optic that comprises a conically
tapering glass fiber rod 63. The rod 63 is composed of a multitude
of fibers, and serves the purpose to transfer the aforesaid working
focal point 24 to the point at 24a. Thus the real focal point 24a
is at the end of the rod 63. Such a transfer of the working focal
point to a more remote position has the advantage to render
accessible for the radiation projection certain locations which are
otherwise difficult to reach. Hence the instant apparatus can be
used for medical purposes, for instance for brain surgery.
In order to avoid the precipitation of damaging vapors on the front
surface 64 of the rod 63, the rod is provided with an axial
elongated passage 65 that serves for the conduction of the
protective gas to the surface 64. The protective gas is conducted
into the chamber 59 by means of a connector 66 and is discharged
from the interior of the chamber 59 into the passage 65.
In accordance with the modification of FIG. 9, the glass fiber rod
69 is mounted at the outlet of the discharge portion 26. To
illustrate the possibilities afforded by the use of fiber optics,
the glass rod 69 is shown bent in FIG. 9. Where a straight rod is
used, it will extend without bending, as shown in broken lines at
70.
Independently of its form, whether bent or straight, the working
focal point is transferred by the glass fiber rod to the frontal
surface 71 of the rod 69.
In order to avoid precipitation of damaging vapors on the frontal
surface 71, a protective gas is conducted to said surface 71. In
this embodiment, the protective gas is conducted in a pipe 72
externally of the glass fiber rod 69. The pipe 72 ends in an
annular channel 73 that has a central bore 74 through which the gas
finally exits.
In accordance with the modification of FIG. 10, the protective gas
is conducted to the frontal surface 71 in a conduit that includes a
sleeve 75 which surrounds the glass rod 69 and forms therewith an
annular space. The gas thus constantly encircles the exterior
surface of the glass rod 69. This promotes a cooling of the glass
rod 69. Near the frontal surface 71 of the glass rod 69, the sleeve
75 forms an annular channel with an enlarged portion 77 and a
subsequent reduced portion 78, in order to bundle sharply the
exiting gas stream.
I wish it to be understood that I do not desire to be limited to
the exact details of construction shown and described, for obvious
modifications will occur to a person skilled in the art.
* * * * *