U.S. patent number 3,620,801 [Application Number 04/831,236] was granted by the patent office on 1971-11-16 for sized transfer sheet.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Wiggins Teape Research & Development Limited, London. Invention is credited to Michael Hugh O'Grady.
United States Patent |
3,620,801 |
|
November 16, 1971 |
SIZED TRANSFER SHEET
Abstract
The invention is concerned with coated paper. By precoating
paper with starch and insolubilized alginate, the amount of
transferable coating e.g. in record materials, needed per unit area
can be reduced. This advantage can be achieved with small amounts
of alginate, e.g. less than 0.05 gram per square meter per side,
and high starch to alginate weight ratios e.g. 85:1. 7 Claims, No
Drawings
Inventors: |
Michael Hugh O'Grady (Wick,
GB7) |
Assignee: |
Wiggins Teape Research &
Development Limited, London, (N/A)
|
Family
ID: |
10257278 |
Appl.
No.: |
04/831,236 |
Filed: |
June 6, 1969 |
Foreign Application Priority Data
|
|
|
|
|
Jun 7, 1968 [GB3] |
|
|
27,296/68 |
|
Current U.S.
Class: |
503/200;
106/208.1; 428/342; 503/207; 106/206.1; 428/327; 428/914 |
Current CPC
Class: |
D21H
21/54 (20130101); B41M 5/1246 (20130101); D21H
17/30 (20130101); D21H 17/00 (20130101); D21H
19/12 (20130101); D21H 17/28 (20130101); Y10S
428/914 (20130101); Y10T 428/254 (20150115); Y10T
428/277 (20150115) |
Current International
Class: |
B41M
5/124 (20060101); D21H 17/28 (20060101); D21H
19/12 (20060101); D21H 21/54 (20060101); D21H
17/30 (20060101); D21H 21/00 (20060101); D21H
17/00 (20060101); D21H 19/00 (20060101); B41m
005/10 () |
Field of
Search: |
;117/36.2,36.4,156
;106/205,208,210 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Foreign Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Murray Katz
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Buell, Blenko & Ziesenheim
Claims
1. A porous fibrous sheet material one or both surfaces of which
have a sizing coating comprising insolubilized alginate and starch,
the weight ratio of starch to alginate being from 12:1 to 240:1,
and to one or both coated surfaces of which sheet material there is
adhered a layer of microscopic, pressure-rupturable capsules
containing a transferable
2. A sheet material as claimed in claim 1 wherein the amount of
alginate on at least one surface, and in its underlying layers, of
the sheet material,
3. A sheet material as claimed in claim 2, wherein the amount of
alginate
4. A sheet material as claimed in claim 1 wherein the transferable
material comprises a color transfer agent which contains a
substance capable of
5. A sheet material as claimed in claim 1, wherein the
insolubilized
6. A sheet material as claimed in claim 1, wherein the weight ratio
of
7. A paper sheet as claimed in claim 1 coated with about 0.0125
grams per square meter per side of aluminum alginate and about 1
gram per square meter per side of preoxidized corn starch.
Description
The invention relates to treated paper and like fibrous sheet
material and the treatment may take the form of sizing.
It is known to treat paper for example to effect sizing by
application thereto of an aqueous composition comprising starch and
a water soluble alginate, such as sodium alginate. We have now
discovered that useful treatments of fibrous sheet material such as
paper can be effected using smaller amounts of alginate than those
previously employed.
Accordingly the present invention provides a porous fibrous sheet
material one or both surfaces of which have a coating comprising
insolubilised alginate and starch, the weight ratio of starch to
alginate being from 12:1 to 240:1 and to one or both coated
surfaces of which sheet material there is adhered a layer of
microscopic, pressure-rupturable capsules containing a transferable
material. The amount of alginate in both surface layers can be 0.5,
1.02 or 3.0 grams per square meter although a preferred amount is
not more than 0.05 gram per square meter. Smaller amounts of
alginate may be employed, for example, 0.025 grams per square meter
may be used, and amounts down to 0.005 grams per square meter may
be used with some advantage. In general it is usually found to be
convenient to use about 0.0125 grams per square meter.
In general it is desirable to use a weight ratio of starch to
alginate of from about 12:1 to about 240:1, preferably from 16:1 or
25:1 to 160:1, more preferably about 75:1 to about 85:1 e.g. about
80:1.
Although the invention has particular usefulness with respect to
paper, other like porous fibrous sheet materials comprising woven
or nonwoven fibers may be treated similarly, for example, cardboard
or even woven or nonwoven fabrics. The alginate present in the
treated material according to the invention must be insolubilized
and this may be achieved by converting a soluble salt into the free
acid, alginic acid, or by one of the well known insolubilizing
techniques which involve the reaction of the alginate with a
polyvalent metal ion such as that of aluminum.
The fibrous sheet material according to this invention is
preferably obtained by applying to the material an aqueous
composition containing starch and a water soluble alginate. The
starch in the aqueous composition may comprise from 6 to 12 percent
by weight and preferably about 8 percent by weight. When such a
composition is applied to a fibrous sheet material such as paper
using a size press, each side of the material treated will usually
pick up about 1.5 to 3 percent and desirably about 2 percent, the
percentage being by weight based on the dry weight of the material
treated. On the basis of the aforementioned starch to alginate
ratios, the aqueous composition may also contain from 0.05 to 0.5
percent by weight of water soluble alginate and generally about 0.1
percent is preferred.
Although for convenience the alginate will normally be employed as
the sodium salt, any soluble salt can be used, for example, the
salts of other alkali metals, magnesium, ammonium and secondary
amines.
Although it is convenient and preferred to prepare the material of
this invention by applying an aqueous composition containing both
starch and alginate, the two materials can be incorporated
separately and in a variety of ways. For example, the required
starch may be incorporated into paper during normal paper making
techniques prior to laying the beaten fibers on a wire surface
through which the water drains. Also an aqueous solution of an
alginate salt may be applied to paper immediately the fibers of
such material have settled into their configuration on a paper
making machine during or after the draining off of the water but
before the fibers are compacted. In another mode of obtaining
products according to the invention a starch composition may be
applied first and an alginate solution applied onto the layer of
starch. Where the starch and alginate are added separately,
however, it is preferred to apply the alginate first and then the
starch.
The insolubilization of the alginate material may be achieved by
the alginate reacting with aluminum ions present in a paper, for
example, by virtue of the use of alum in the paper making
operation. Alternatively or additionally an insolubilization
treatment may be effected by direct application of an aqueous
solution of a salt of a polyvalent ion such as aluminum.
Fibrous sheet material such as paper treated in accordance with the
invention has a surface which is smoother and of reduced porosity
compared with the untreated material. This is of considerable value
in connection with record materials and one particular aspect of
this invention is concerned with record materials, for example,
record materials of the type described in British Pat.
Specification No. 759,800. This specification in particular
describes and claims a record member having provided, on a surface
thereof, a coating comprising a plurality of microscopic,
pressure-rupturable, oil-containing capsules of gelled hydrophilic
colloid material formed by coacervation and wherein the oil
contains a substance capable of producing a distinctive coloration
when the capsules are ruptured. The microscopic pressure rupturable
capsules may be made according to the techniques disclosed in
British Pat. Specification Nos. 751,600 and 870,476.
In one form of the invention described in Specification No. 759,800
the internal phase of the capsules, that is the oil-containing
composition, includes a colorless print-marking substance which
forms blue marks when it comes into contact with a suitable
receptor surface, for example, one containing an acidic material
such as attapulgus clay. When the surface of the record material
and a suitable receptor surface are in normal contact the substance
capable of producing the distinctive coloration is, of course, kept
away from the receptor surface by the capsule walls. However on
rupture of the capsules by pressure the oil composition and the
receptor surface come into contact and the appropriate mark is made
on the receptor surface, for example, by the reaction of a leuco
dye to give a blue-colored print.
In practice it is usually the case that the surface which bears the
coating of the microscopic capsules is normally sized with starch
prior to the provision of the layer of the microscopic capsules. It
is believed, however, that with such starch sized papers the
surface configuration is such as to provide shielding of capsules
by fibers with the effect of loss of capsules into large surface
holes which are larger than the average size of such capsules i.e.
about 10 to 12 microns.
It has been surprisingly found that by using treated fibrous sheet
material according to this invention as described above as the base
for a record material a considerable saving of capsules may be
effected, especially when optimum amounts of alginate and starch
are used.
Accordingly, the invention includes a record material comprising a
porous fibrous sheet material in accordance with the invention to
one or both surfaces of which there is adhered a layer of
microscopic, pressure-rupturable capsules containing a transferable
material comprising a color transfer agent such as an oil which
contains a substance capable of producing a distinctive coloration
when the capsules are ruptured. The color transfer agent may be
colored or a substance which develops a color either by exposure to
air or when it is in contact with a reagent present in the receptor
surface such as one of the acidic materials described in British
Pat. Specification No. 759,800. With the record materials of this
invention a smaller amount of microscopic capsules per unit area of
base can be used to give a print intensity according to the
required limits and this is surprising in view of the fact that
other film forming materials which have been tested and which might
be thought to be analogous to the alginates used herein gave no
comparable improvement. (see example).
The record material of this invention may be formed from a paper
base both sides of which have been treated by the application of an
aqueous composition comprising both starch and an alginate.
It is to be understood that useful products can be achieved by
arranging for the capsules to contain transferable materials other
than a color transfer agent, for example, solids or liquids
including shoe polish, perfume and adhesives. One form of color
transfer agent which could be employed which is other than the type
described in Specification No. 759,800 is a colored ink which may
be constituted by a relatively low boiling organic solvent such as
toluene and a colored dye or a leuco dye dissolved in the
solvent.
Accordingly the invention includes a porous fibrous sheet material
in accordance with the invention to one or both surfaces of which
there is adhered a layer of microscopic, pressure rupturable
capsules containing a transferable material such as a color
transfer agent or one of the other transferable materials mentioned
above.
Record materials of the type described herein are often used in the
form of manifold sets which comprise a "CB Sheet," i.e. a record
material having a coated back, the coating consisting of the said
capsules containing a color transfer agent and a so-called "CF
Sheet" which has a coated front, the coating of which normally
contains an acidic material. Also in between a "CB Sheet" and a "CF
Sheet" there may be interposed one or more so-called "CFB Sheets"
which are coated on the front with an acid material and coated on
the back with microscopic capsules. The invention also includes
manifold sets including a record material as defined above as a "CB
Sheet" or a "CFB Sheet."
Following is a description by way of example of a treated paper
according to the invention.
EXAMPLE
White 49 g.s.m. base paper was treated at the size press with a
size consisting of an 8 percent solution of a pre-oxidized corn
starch, Amisol E. 1102 [ Amisol is a Registered Trade Mark ] and
Manutex SX/RF (supplied by Alginate Industries Limited).
The size was prepared by making up the alginate as a 6 percent
solution using Calgon (sodium metaphosphate) as a dispersant in the
ratio 2:1 Alginate to Calgon (weight/weight as delivered). The
Calgon was first added to the water and then the alginate was
stirred in with a high speed stirrer. The alginate was then blended
with the starch mix at 50/60.degree. C. to give an 85:1 starch to
alginate blend as an 8 percent solution.
A control experiment was run to produce a base paper sized in the
same manner with an 8 percent starch solution. The pickup figures
at the size press were similar in both cases.
Both the sized papers as produced above were further coated with an
emulsion of microscopic, pressure rupturable oil containing
capsules using an airknife coater. Sheets were produced with 5
g.s.m. and 6 g.s.m. coatings and the dried sheets were tested for
print intensity. The print intensity of each coated sheet was
measured as follows:
Each CB (emulsion coated back) sheet was placed against a standard
CF (clay coated front) strip and the two run through a calender
roll nip at standard speed. The nip width was 0.75 inches and the
pressure was 83.5 lbs./linear inch.
This gave a "blued-up" strip of CF paper with a central image of
0.75 inches width. The print was allowed to develop for 30 seconds
and the reflectance of the central blue image R.sub.image and of
the background white R.sub.background were measured using an
opacimeter.
Thus the lower the reflectance of blue image, R.sub.image, the
stronger is the blue print, and it follows that the lower the print
intensity, the better is the reactivity.
The results obtained for starch/alginate mix and starch control
were as follows: CB Coating Print Intensity
_________________________________________________________________________
_ 6 g.s.m. 5 g.s.m.
_________________________________________________________________________
_ Starch only control 53.9 56.5 Starch/Alginate mix 49.3 53.5
Thus 0.1 percent of sodium alginate used in the starch mix at the
size press resulted in a 16 to 17 percent saving in emulsion.
The above was repeated using an 8 percent solution of starch and a
material other than alginate, the ratio of starch to each material
being 9:1 (as recommended by suppliers). The print intensities
obtained for 6 g.s.m. coatings were as follows: CB Coating Print
Intensity Starch/polyvinyl alcohol mix 50.5 Starch/carboxymethyl
cellulose mix 51.6 Starch/modified styrene maleic anhydride
copolymer (Scripset) mix 53.7
Thus even with a high ratio of other material to starch, with a
consequent increase in the cost of the size, there can still be a
saving in emulsion by using a starch/alginate mix.
The above was repeated again using 0.2 percent of sodium alginate
at the size press and all results were found to be comparable with
those obtained using 0.1 percent of alginate. During further
experiments with 0.1 alginate inclusion at the size press we found
that the reduction in emulsion necessary did vary between 0.5
g.s.m. and 1.0 g.s.m.
The emulsion containing microscopic capsules referred to above
consisted of the following ingredients: 100 p.b.w. Capsules 25
p.b.w. Solka Floc (Cellulose fiber) 10 p.b.w. Starch
The starch in the emulsion acted as an adhesive for the capsules
and the cellulose fiber, and the cellulose fiber served to cushion
the capsules during handling of the record member.
* * * * *