U.S. patent number 3,618,567 [Application Number 04/858,044] was granted by the patent office on 1971-11-09 for apparatus for developing latent electrographic images with liquid ink.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Varian Associates. Invention is credited to Raymond L. Levy.
United States Patent |
3,618,567 |
Levy |
November 9, 1971 |
APPARATUS FOR DEVELOPING LATENT ELECTROGRAPHIC IMAGES WITH LIQUID
INK
Abstract
An electrographic developer is disclosed which includes an ink
pervious development electrode structure having a development
surface over which an electrographic recording web bearing latent
electric charge images to be developed is disposed. Liquid ink is
forced through the ink pervious electrode structure against the
image bearing surface of the recording web for developing the
latent charge image pattern. The development electrode can take the
form of a plate, a roller or a continuous belt. In the case of the
continuous belt or roller, ink is forced through the ink pervious
electrode structure from the inside and the recording web is
pressed into engagement with the outer surface of the electrode
structure.
Inventors: |
Levy; Raymond L. (Santa Clara,
CA) |
Assignee: |
Varian Associates (Palo Alto,
CA)
|
Family
ID: |
25327337 |
Appl.
No.: |
04/858,044 |
Filed: |
September 15, 1969 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
399/240; 399/244;
118/638 |
Current CPC
Class: |
G03G
15/101 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
G03G
15/10 (20060101); G03g 013/00 () |
Field of
Search: |
;118/602,638,637,410,637LX ;117/37,93.4,93.4A,93.41 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Other References
Crawford, T. M., Developing Electrostatic Charge Patterns, IBM
Technical Disclosure Bulletin; Vol. 8, No. 4, Sept., 1965, Page
527..
|
Primary Examiner: Stein; Mervin
Assistant Examiner: Millstein; Leo
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. An apparatus employing liquid ink having a suspension of toner
particles therein for developing the charge image on the charge
retentive surface of a moving recording medium, comprising the
combination:
a rotatable drum developing electrode made of ink pervious
conductive material the outside surface of which is adapted to
engage the charge retentive surface of the moving recording medium
as the drum rotates;
liquid ink feed trough positioned proximate the inside surface of
the drum development electrode and displaced slightly from top dead
center in the direction of rotation for preventing ink from flowing
onto the back of the recording medium;
hollow axle means for supporting the rotatable drum and for
distributing fresh liquid ink to the feed trough; and
hydrostatic pressure means for forcing the ink from the feed trough
through the porous drum development electrode and onto the charge
retentive surface of the recording medium to continuously replenish
the toner particles as the development proceeds and toner particles
are depleted from the ink.
2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the feed trough includes a
skirt structure extending in an arc around the inside surface of
the drum in the direction of rotation for establishing a
hydrostatic pressure head on the liquid ink contained between the
skirt and the drum.
3. An apparatus for developing the charge image on the charge
retentive surface of a moving recording medium with liquid
ink-containing particles of toners suspended therein, comprising
the combination:
a development electrode which is pervious to the liquid ink and has
an upper surface adapted to engage the charge retentive surface of
the recording medium;
liquid ink feed trough positioned proximate the underside of the
development electrode for supplying liquid ink against the
undersurface of the development electrode;
a skirt extending from the feed trough along the underside of the
development electrode and proximate to the development electrode
defining a liquid ink distribution channel; and
pump means for forcing the liquid ink from the feed trough into the
ink distribution chamber between the skirt and the development
electrode and through the development electrode and onto the charge
retentive surface of the recording medium.
4. The apparatus of claim 3, wherein the development electrode is
formed in a rotatable closed loop the outside surface of which
engages the charge retentive surface of the recording medium and
the inside surface of which is disposed toward the feed trough and
the skirt.
5. The apparatus of claim 4, wherein the feed trough is displaced
slightly from top dead center of the loop development electrode in
the direction of rotation for preventing liquid ink from flowing
onto the back of the recording medium.
6. The apparatus of claim 4, wherein the area of engagement between
the recording medium and the outside surface of the loop
development electrode is at least partially coextensive with the
area of the distribution channel along the inside surface of the
loop development electrode.
Description
DESCRIPTION OF THE PRIOR ART
Heretofore, development electrodes for developing electrographic
images with liquid ink have employed a porous development electrode
to be saturated with electrographic ink for carrying the ink to the
charge retentive surface of the recording web to be developed. In
the case of a continuous printer, the porous development electrode
took the form of a drum having a lower portion thereof immersed in
a reservoir of electrographic ink such that as the drum rotated it
picked up additional ink to supply the ink lost to the recording
web. The problem with this prior art electrographic developing
apparatus was that at relatively high printing and developing
speeds, the rate of depletion of pigmented toner particles from the
liquid carrier was greater than the normal replacement by particle
migration in the fluid at the surface, such that the electrographic
charge images were not sufficiently developed. An example of this
prior art porous development electrode inker is disclosed in U.S.
Pat. No. 3,096,198 issued July 2, 1963.
Others, have proposed electrographic inkers wherein an ink
absorbent pad, as of cotton, felt or fiberglass, was impregnated or
supplied with ink from a reservoir under pressure. The pad was
caused to contact the charge image bearing surface of the recording
web for developing same. In one such prior proposal the recording
web to be developed was disposed between a roller and an absorbent
pad, there being a gear arrangement connected to the roller for
causing the supply of ink supplied to the absorbent pad to vary in
accordance with the rotational speed of the roller. However, use of
such a nonconductive absorbent pad is not suitable for development
of a relatively large area electrographic images, such as
encountered in electrophotography, since the proper development of
such large area images requires the provision of a development
electrode adjacent the charge image bearing surface of the
recording web. Moreover, the use of the absorbent pad inker
provided a relatively small contact area between the pad and the
recording web which tends to substantially reduce the available
development time and therefore substantially limits the speed at
which electrographic images can be properly developed due to the
relatively low mobility of the pigment particles in the ink.
SUMMARY OF THE PRESENT INVENTION
The principal object of the present invention is the provision of
an improved developer for developing latent electrographic images
with liquid electroscopic ink.
One feature of the present invention is the provision, in an
electrographic inker, of an ink pervious conductive development
electrode structure and means for forcing electroscopic ink through
the ink pervious development electrode structure onto the image
bearing surface of an electrographic recording web to be developed,
whereby relatively large area development is possible at relatively
high development speeds.
Another feature of the present invention is the same as the
preceding feature wherein the ink pervious development electrode
structure is formed into a closed path such as that provided by a
continuous belt or drum and wherein an arcuate inking trough
structure is disposed inside the continuous belt or drum for
forcing the liquid electroscopic ink through the ink pervious
development electrode structure to the recording web partially
wrapped around the outside of the development electrode structure,
whereby ink is supplied simultaneously to a relative large area of
the recording web to be developed.
Another feature of the present invention is the same as the
preceding feature wherein ink is fed to the inking trough by a
hollow axle on which the ink pervious drum is rotatable.
Another feature of the present invention is the same as any one or
more of the preceding features wherein an elastic belt is at least
partially wrapped around and movable with a closed path ink
pervious development electrode structure for pressing the recording
web into engagement with the movable development electrode
structure.
Other features and advantages of the present invention will become
apparent upon a perusal of the following specification taken in
connection with the accompanying drawings wherein:
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is an exploded schematic perspective view, partially broken
away, depicting an electrographic inker incorporating an ink
pervious conductive pad,
FIG. 2 is a side cross-sectional view of an electrographic inker
incorporating an ink pervious conductive roller,
FIG. 3 is a sectional view of the structure of FIG. 2 taken along
line 3--3 in the direction of the arrows, and
FIG. 4 is a schematic line diagram depicting an alternative
electrographic inker incorporating an ink pervious conductive
belt.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
Referring now to FIG. 1, there is shown an electrographic inker 1
for developing relatively large area electrographic images, such as
those obtained by electrophotography, and incorporating features of
the present invention. Electrographic inker 1 includes an ink
pervious development electrode structure 2 having a development
surface 3 over which is disposed the charge retentive surface of an
electrographic recording web 4 to be developed. Electroscopic ink
is supplied to the development electrode structure 2 from a
reservoir 5 disposed below the level of the development electrode 2
via an ink return line 6 and a pump 7. The ink pervious development
electrode structure 2 includes an ink pervious plate 8, as of 0.046
inch thick porous stainless steel. A suitable porous stainless
steel material is commercially available under the trade name Felt
Metal FM-123-125 from Huyck Metals Company, 45 Woodmont Road,
Milford, Connecticut. Such ink pervious stainless steel plate is
porous with the average pore size falling within the range of 85 to
150 microns and is approximately 65 percent dense.
The ink pervious plate 8 closes off the top of a rectangular
chamber 9 into which is fed the electroscopic ink via pump 7 and
line 6 from the reservoir 5. The output pressure of the pump 7 is
adjusted such that there is a continuous flow of ink through the
ink pervious plate 8 against the charge-bearing surface of the
recording web 4 for developing same. The excess ink flows over the
side edges of the development electrode structure 2 and is caught
by the reservoir 5 for recirculation. A backup plate electrode
structure 11 is disposed adjacent the conductive side of the
recording web 4 and a source of potential 12 is connected between
the backup plate 11 and the development electrode structure 2 for
applying a suitable development potential across the recording web
4 during development thereof.
In FIG. 1 the view is exploded for the sake of explanation.
However, in use, the recording web 4 would be placed in nominal
contact with the development surface 3 of the development electrode
structure 2 and the backup plate 11 would be placed into nominal
contact with the conductive surface of the electrographic recording
web 4. In this manner, the electroscopic ink is applied only to the
image-bearing surface of the recording web 4 and an adequate supply
of electroscopic ink is continuously supplied to the image for
developing same in a relatively short development time span. The
use of the conductive development electrode structure 2 assures
uniform development and proper gray scale tonal characteristics to
the resultant print when relatively large area charge images are to
be developed, such as those encountered in electrophotography.
Referring now to FIGS. 2 and 3, there is shown a relatively high
speed continuous electrographic developer 14 incorporating features
of the present invention. The developer 14 includes a drum-shaped
development electrode structure 15. The cylindrical wall of the
development electrode structure 15 is made of the ink pervious
conductive material, such as that described above for plate 8 of
the development electrodes 2 of FIG. 1. The drum 15 is carried upon
a centrally disposed axle 16 which in turn is fixedly secured, at
its ends, to a metallic housing 17 via lock nuts 18. The axle 16
includes an axially offset portion 19 disposed immediately adjacent
the inside surface of the drum 15 and including an axially directed
recessed portion 21 to define an inking trough.
An electroscopic ink distribution manifold 22 is disposed inside
the drum 15 and includes a tubular portion 23 defining an ink inlet
tube passing axially through the hollow axle 16 to the output of an
ink pump 24 which in turn is connected to a reservoir 25, disposed
below the inking drum 15, via pump inlet conduit 26. A plurality of
feed conduits 27 branch off from the main conduit 23 and are
connected to nipples 28 passing through the bottom of the inking
trough 21 at a plurality of axially spaced positions 29 for feeding
electroscopic ink from the pump via conduit 23 and feed lines 27
into the inking trough 21.
A curved skirt portion 31, of cylindrical section, is affixed to
one side of the inking trough 21 and extends in the direction of
rotation of the drum along the inside surface of the drum and
conforming to the inside surface of the drum. The spacing between
the skirt 31 and the inside surface of the drum 15 is made
relatively small to trap electroscopic ink in the space between the
skirt 31 and the drum 15 with substantial hydrostatic pressure
derived from the inking trough 21. In this manner, ink is forced
due to the hydrostatic pressure through the ink pervious drum over
a substantial arcuate section of the drum, as of 90.degree. of arc,
to provide a relatively large development area, more fully
described below.
The drum 15 is supported from axle 16 via electrically insulative
bearings 32, as of Teflon. A development potential is applied to
the drum 15 from a source of potential 33 via lead 34 and wiper
blade 35 bearing in slidable engagement on a hub portion 36 of the
drum 15. The drum 15 is rotatably driven around the axle 16 from a
motor, not shown, via a chain driven sprocket 37 fixed to the
opposite hub 36' of the drum 15.
A plurality of elastic bands or belts 38 are carried in "V" grooves
in the periphery of wheels 39, 40, and 41 carried upon axles 42,
43, and 44 respectively. The elastic bands 38, as of neoprene
rubber, are arranged to ride in elastic bearing engagement with a
substantial arcuate section of the periphery of the drum 15,
indicated at 45 in FIG. 2. Drive wheels 39 are rotationally driven
via a chain driven sprocket 46 pinned to axle 42. The drive wheels
39 are driven at such a speed that the elastic bands 38 move at the
same speed as the periphery of the rotating drum 15.
An electrographic recording web 4 to be developed is slipped into
position between the elastic bands 38 and the periphery of the drum
15 with the charge image-bearing surface of the recording web 4
facing the drum 15. The recording web 4 is partially wrapped around
the drum 15 via the provision of the elastic bands 38 and the
rotation of the drum 15 such that the charge image on the recording
web is exposed to electroscopic ink flowing through the drum 15
over substantially the entire arcuate extent of the skirt 31 and
trough 21, roughly indicated by numeral 45.
Drive 42, and idler shafts 43 and 44 for the belt drive wheels 39,
and idler wheels 40 and 41 are carried at their ends from the
housing 17 via retaining rings 48. A second sprocket 49 is affixed
to drive shaft 42 and a chain schematically indicated at 50, is
fixed to sprocket 49 and connected to the pump 24 for causing the
flow through the pump to vary in accordance with the rotational
speed of the drum 15. In a typical example, 0.23 gallons per minute
of electroscopic ink is fed through the pump 24 and inking trough
21 for developing electrographic recording webs carried around the
drum 15.
Wipers 51 are disposed around each of the elastic belts 38 for
wiping the ink off the bands and returning the ink to the reservoir
25.
A comb-shaped structure 52 is disposed with its fingers riding in
slidable engagement with the surface of the rotating drum 15
opposite, or near to, the end of the skirt 31 for peeling the
developed electrographic recording web from the drum 15 and feeding
the developed web through a pair of squeegee rollers 53 for
squeegeeing ink from the recording web. Thence, the developed web
is fed through a drying section, not shown, wherein the web is
dried by an airblower.
Referring now to FIG. 4, there is shown, in schematic line diagram
form, an electrographic inker 61 incorporating alternative features
of the present invention. Inker 61 is substantially the same as
that described above with regard to FIGS. 2 and 3 with the
exception that instead of using a cylindrical inking drum 15 a
continuous sheet metal band 62 of porous metal, as of 0.010 inch
thick stainless steel is employed. Band 62 is formed into an oblong
path having a relatively large radius of curvature for the arcuate
section 45 to be contacted with the recording web 4 for development
thereof. In this manner, the volume of the inking apparatus that
has to be devoted to the development electrode structure is
substantially reduced compared to the use of a cylindrical or a
drum shaped development electrode 15, as shown in FIGS. 2 and 3.
The continuous belt electrode 62 is rotationally driven by a
frictional drive roller 63 disposed at one end of the elongated
closed loop of the belt and opposite from an idler roller 64
disposed at the opposite end of the oblong loop of the belt 62.
Since many changes could be made in the above construction and many
apparently widely different embodiments of this invention could be
made without departing from the scope thereof, it is intended that
all matter contained in the above description or shown in the
accompanying drawings shall be interpreted as illustrative and not
in a limiting sense.
* * * * *