U.S. patent number 3,618,103 [Application Number 04/869,131] was granted by the patent office on 1971-11-02 for plural antennas with impedance matching to couple to single leadin.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Antennacraft Company. Invention is credited to Robert S. Ringland.
United States Patent |
3,618,103 |
Ringland |
November 2, 1971 |
**Please see images for:
( Certificate of Correction ) ** |
PLURAL ANTENNAS WITH IMPEDANCE MATCHING TO COUPLE TO SINGLE
LEADIN
Abstract
An antenna array including a narrow band antenna tuned to a
particular frequency and a transmission line type broadband antenna
having a frequency response range which includes the frequency of
the narrowband antenna. The transmission line of the broadband
antenna is serially coupled between the narrowband antenna and
reception apparatus. A parasitic element of a predetermined length
is positioned at a predetermined point along the transmission line
of the broadband antenna and serves to peak the frequency of the
narrowband antenna thereby to pass signals from the narrowband
antenna to the reception apparatus with minimum attenuation.
Inventors: |
Ringland; Robert S.
(Burlington, IA) |
Assignee: |
Antennacraft Company
(Burlington, IA)
|
Family
ID: |
25352976 |
Appl.
No.: |
04/869,131 |
Filed: |
October 24, 1969 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
343/727;
343/792.5; 343/814 |
Current CPC
Class: |
H01Q
5/49 (20150115); H01Q 21/30 (20130101); H01Q
11/10 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
H01Q
21/30 (20060101); H01Q 11/10 (20060101); H01Q
11/00 (20060101); H01Q 5/00 (20060101); H01q
021/00 () |
Field of
Search: |
;343/724,726,730,792.5,810,812,814,815,727 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Lieberman; Eli
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. An antenna array comprising an antenna having an elongated
two-conductor transmission line-type feeder, said antenna being of
the split boom type with said two conductors being in spaced,
parallel relationship and lying in a first plane, a plurality of
pairs of dipole elements at spaced intervals along said feeder, one
element of each pair being connected to one conductor of said
feeder and the other element of each pair being connected to the
other conductor, and a parasitic element electrically isolated from
said feeder and extending transversely thereto, said parasitic
element being disposed between said conductors and intersecting
said first plane at right angles, said parasitic element further
having a predetermined length and position along said feeder in the
field thereof so as to peak the frequency response of said antenna
at a predetermined frequency.
2. The array of claim 1 wherein the dipole elements connected to
said one conductor alternately extend outwardly from opposite sides
thereof and lie in a second plane, the dipole elements connected to
said other conductor alternately extending outwardly from opposite
sides thereof and lying in a third plane, said second and third
planes being in spaced, parallel relationship with said parasitic
element therebetween and parallel thereto, said parasitic element
extending outwardly on either side of said first plane.
3. The array of claim 1 wherein said antenna is of the broadband,
unidirectional type, said pairs of dipole elements being of
progressively shorter length.
4. The array of claim 1 wherein said two conductors of said feeder
have first and second terminal ends, and further comprising a
second antenna having a frequency response within the range of said
first-named antenna, a transmission line serially coupling said
second antenna to said first terminal ends, said second terminal
ends being adapted to be serially coupled to reception apparatus,
said two conductors of said feeder forming a transmission line in
series between said first-named transmission line and said
reception apparatus.
5. The array of claim 4 wherein said first-named antenna is of the
broadband type, said second antenna being of the narrow band type
tuned to a frequency within the frequency range of said first
antenna, the length and position of said parasitic element being
selected to tune said feeder to the frequency to which said second
antenna is tuned whereby said feeder passes signals from said
second antenna to said reception apparatus with minimum
attenuation.
6. The system of claim 5 further comprising a second parasitic
element electrically isolated from said feeder and extending
transversely thereto, said second parasitic element having a
predetermined length and position along said feeder so as
additionally to peak the frequency response of said first antenna
at a second predetermined frequency.
7. The array of claim 5 wherein said first antenna is of the
unidirectional type, said pairs of dipole elements being of
progressively shorter length from said first and to said second
terminal ends.
8. The array of claim 7 wherein said first antenna is of the split
boom type with said two conductors being in spaced, parallel
relationship and lying in a first plane, said parasitic element
being disposed between said conductors and lying in a second plane
normal to said first plane and parallel with said conductors, said
parasitic element extending outwardly on either side of said first
plane, the dipole elements connected to said one conductor
alternately extending outwardly from opposite sides thereof and
lying in a third plane, the dipole elements connected to said other
conductor alternately extending outwardly from opposite sides
thereof and lying in a fourth plane, said third and fourth planes
being in spaced, parallel relationship with said second plane
therebetween, said parasitic element extending outwardly on either
side of said first plane.
9. The array of claim 8 further comprising a second parasitic
element electrically isolated from said feeder and extending
transversely thereto, said second parasitic element being disposed
between said conductors and lying in said second plane, said second
parasitic element extending outwardly on either side of said fist
plane, said second parasitic element having a predetermined length
and position along sad feeder so as additionally to peak the
frequency response of said first antenna at a second predetermined
frequency.
10. A broadband antenna comprising a transmission line having front
and rear terminal ends and a plurality of spaced antenna elements
coupled thereto, and a parasitic element located in the field
between predetermined ones of said antenna elements and having a
predetermined length thereby to tune said transmission line to pass
signals of a predetermined frequency from said front to said rear
terminal ends with minimum attenuation, a narrow band antenna
coupled in a series with said transmission line of said broadband
antenna and tuned to a frequency within the range of said broadband
antenna, said transmission line being adapted to be serially
coupled to reception apparatus, said predetermined frequency being
the frequency of said narrow band antenna whereby said transmission
line passes signals of said predetermined frequency with minimum
attenuation.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates generally to antenna arrays of the type
employed for television reception, and more particularly to an
array including a broadband antenna of the transmission line
type.
2. Description of the Prior Art
In instances wherein it is desired to receive television
transmissions from two widely separated transmitters, it has been
common practice, particularly in the case of UHF reception, to
employ two separate antennas mounted on the same mast, one of the
antennas being directed to receive the transmission from one
station and the other being directed to receive the transmission
from the other station. In order to avoid impedance mismatching
problems, and also so that a single transmission line can be
employed for coupling the antenna array to the television receiver,
it is known to employ an impedance-matching network mounted on the
mast adjacent the two antennas with the two antennas being coupled
thereto and a single transmission line then extending from the
impedance-matching network on the mast to the television receiver.
Such impedance-matching networks not only add appreciably to the
overall cost of the antenna installation, but, further, they are
tailored to the two particular frequencies involved.
Coupling between antennas for the purpose of having one down lead
can also be accomplished by a critical length of transmission line
between the two antennas with the feed to the reception apparatus
taken at the terminals of one or the other antennas, or at some
place on the transmission line between the terminals. This
technique is often implemented in practice by the use of stiff wire
delay lines attached to one or the other or both the antennas, with
or without a crossover (180.degree. phase shift) and in conjunction
with open or closed-in stubs across either or each of the coupled
antennas. These arrangements always introduce losses, mostly the
result of mismatching (which in broadband antennas must always be a
compromise between the signal frequency most desired and allowed
VSWR) which deteriorate the signal from one or both of the antennas
involved.
Narrowband, unidirectional antennas, such as the Yagi-type, are
well known. Broadband, unidirectional antennas of the transmission
line type are also well known. In such broadband antennas a
two-conductor transmission line-type feeder is employed with a
plurality of pairs of dipole elements at spaced intervals
therealong, one element of each pair being connected to one
conductor of the feeder and the other element of each pair being
connected to the other conductor. In the so-called split boom-type
antenna, the two conductors of the feeder are disposed in spaced,
parallel relationship, thus forming the transmission line, with the
dipole elements which are connected to one conductor alternately
extending outwardly from opposite sides thereof, the dipole
elements which are connected to the other conductor likewise
alternately extending outwardly from opposite sides thereof.
It has been proposed to employ a transmission line-type antenna in
a two-antenna array with the transmission line thereof serially
coupling the other antenna to the receiver. However, if the other
antenna is of the narrowband type and the frequency to which it is
tuned is within the frequency response range of the broadband,
transmission line-type antenna, it has been found that the signal
from the narrowband antenna is seriously attenuated.
It may further be desirable in certain instances to tune or peak
the frequency response of a broadband, transmission line-type
antenna at a particular frequency within its frequency response
range.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The invention in its broader aspects provides a broadband antenna
including a transmission line with a plurality of spaced antenna
elements coupled thereto. A parasitic element is provided located
in the field between predetermined ones of the antenna elements and
having a predetermined length thereby to tune the transmission line
to pass signals of a predetermined frequency with minimum
attenuation. Such a transmission line-type antenna may be coupled
in series between reception apparatus and a narrow-band antenna
tuned to a frequency within the frequency response range of the
broadband antenna. The parasitic element associated with the
transmission line of the broadband antenna has a predetermined
length and location so that the transmission line passes signals
from the narrowband antenna to the reception apparatus with minimum
attenuation.
It is accordingly an object of the present invention to provide an
improved broadband antenna of the transmission line type.
Another object of the invention is to provide a tuning and peaking
system for a broadband antenna of the transmission line type.
A further object of the invention is to provide an improved
two-antenna array, one of the antennas being of the transmission
line type and being serially coupled between the reception
apparatus and the other antenna.
The above-mentioned and other features and objects of this
invention and the manner of attaining them will become more
apparent and the invention itself will be best understood by
reference to the following description of an embodiment of the
invention taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings,
wherein:
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a view in perspective showing a two-antenna array
incorporating the invention;
FIG. 2 is a top, somewhat schematic, view of the antenna array of
FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a side view of the broadband, transmission line-type
antenna employed in the array of FIGS. 1 and 2; and
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing an equivalent circuit useful
in explaining a theory of operation of the invention.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
Referring now to FIGS. 1, 2 and 3 of the drawings, it being
understood that the drawings are not to scale, there is shown an
antenna array 10 comprising first and second antennas 12 and 14
mounted on a common mast 16. The upper antenna 12 is a common form
of VHF-UHF antenna comprising a modified Yagi, broadband, VHF
antenna 18 with UHF Yagi antenna 20 having its terminals 22, 24 at
its rear end coupled to the frond end of VHF antenna 18. VHF
antenna 18 and the narrowband, unidirectional UHF antenna 20, and
their combination as shown, are conventional, it being understood
that other conventional types of narrowband UHF antennas may be
employed in the top antenna 12, either alone or in combination with
a conventional form of VHF antenna.
Lower antenna 14 is shown as being of the broadband, transmission
line, split boom type. Antenna 14 is mounted on boom 26 supported
on mast 16. Antenna 14 includes a two-conductor transmission
line-type feeder 28 comprising first and second elongated
conductors 30 and 32 secured to horizontal boom 26 by transverse,
elongated insulator supports 34, 36 and extending in spaced,
parallel relationship on opposite sides of boom 26, conductors 30
and 32 defining a first vertical plane which includes boom 26.
Transmission line conductors 30 and 32 respectively have rear
terminal ends 38, 40 and front terminal ends 42, 44 secured to the
insulator supports 34 and 36, respectively.
A plurality of pairs of progressively shorter dipole elements are
provided at progressively shorter spaced intervals between the rear
end and front end of feeder or transmission line 28, one element of
each pair being connected to one conductor 30 and the other element
of each pair being connected to the other conductor 32. Thus
elements 46a and 46b which comprise the longest pair of dipole
elements are respectively connected to conductors 30, 32 and
respectively extend outwardly therefrom in opposite directions.
Similarly, elements 48a and 48b which comprise the next shorter
pair of dipole elements are respectively connected to conductors
30, 32 and respectively extend outwardly therefrom in opposite
direction. Thus, each pair of dipole elements, such as 46a, 46b,
lie in a common vertical plane perpendicular to the vertical plane
of conductors 30, 32, as shown by the dashed lines 47 in FIGS. 2
and 3.
It will be seen with reference to FIG. 2 that the dipole elements,
such as 47a and 48b, which are connected to the top conductor 30,
alternately extend outwardly from opposite sides thereof.
Similarly, the dipole elements, such as elements 46b and 48a, which
are connected to the bottom conductor 32, alternately extend
outwardly from opposite sides thereof. Further, it will be seen
with reference to FIG. 3 that the dipole elements, such as elements
46a and 48b, which are connected to the upper conductor 30, lie in
a common horizontal plane, indicated by the dashed line 49, which
includes conductor 30, which is parallel with the axis of boom 26,
and which is perpendicular to the vertical plane defined by
conductors 30 and 32, and boom 26. Similarly, it will be seen that
the dipole elements, such as elements 46b and 48a, which are
connected to the bottom conductor 32, lie in common horizontal
plane, indicated by the dashed line 51, which includes the bottom
conductor 32, that plane being in spaced, parallel relationship
with the plane 49 of the top dipole elements 46a, 48b, the boom 26
lying between these two horizontal dipole element planes. It will
be understood that the dipole elements need not project outwardly
from the respective conductors 30, 32 perpendicularly thereto, but
may be inclined forwardly toward the front end of the antenna 14.
Further, the dipole elements need not be straight, as shown but may
have the distal ends bent therein, as is well known to those
skilled in the art.
Terminals 22, 24 of the top antenna 12 are serially coupled to the
rear terminal ends 38, 40 of transmission line 28 by a conventional
300-ohm line 50. Front terminal ends 42, 44 of transmission line 28
are serially coupled to the reception apparatus (not shown) by
another conventional 300-ohm line 52, or a matching transformer or
balun may be connected to terminals 42, 44 so that a coaxial
transmission line may be used as a down lead to the reception
apparatus. It will thus be seen that transmission line 28 of the
broadband antenna 14 is serially coupled between the antenna 12,
and particularly the narrowband UHF antenna 20, and the reception
apparatus, transmission line 28 thus passing the signal from
narrowband antenna 20 to the receiver. It will be understood that
the narrowband UHF antenna 20 is tuned to a frequency within the
frequency response range of the broadband UHF antenna 14.
As previously indicated, it was found that with the array as thus
far described, the signal from the upper narrowband UHF antenna 20
was seriously attenuated at the receiver, and the applicant's
theory as to the reason for such attenuation is set forth
below.
It has been found that such attenuation of the signal from the
upper antenna 20 by the transmission line 28 can be eliminated by
tuning the lower antenna 14 to the frequency of the upper antenna
20 with a barlike conductor or parasitic element 54 in the field of
the transmission line 28. This results in severe signal attenuation
of the antenna 14 at the frequency of antenna 20. Parasitic element
54 is supported at its midpoint and adjustably conductively secured
on boom 26 by means of a bracket 27 for selective adjustment
therealong between the rear and forward ends of transmission line
28, thereby to position parasitic element 54 in the area of antenna
14 which responds to the frequency of antenna 20. The length of the
parasitic element 54 is also dependent upon the frequency of the
signal to be enhanced, parasitic element 54 being longer when it is
positioned toward the rear or lower frequency end of antenna 14 and
shorter when it is positioned toward the forward or higher
frequency end. It is not necessary to calculate the length of
parasitic element 54 in advance since the basic element can be
provided having a proper length for enhancement of the lowest
frequency in the range of response of antenna 14, and elements 54
can then be selectively cut to a shorter length to provide optimum
signal enhancement after its approximate location along boom 26 has
been determined. Precise final optimizing of the signal from
antenna 12 is accomplished by a further slight adjustment along
boom 26. Thus, at the actual site of installation of the array 10,
with antenna 20 properly aimed toward the transmitting station and
the receiver tuned to that frequency, parasitic element 54 may then
be moved from the rear end toward the front end of transmission
line 28 until the received signal is peaked, and the length of the
parasitic element can be reduced by cutting small increments off
the ends thereof until the received signal is still further
peaked.
It will be observed that the parasitic element 54 is electrically
isolated from conductors 30 and 32 of transmission line 28, element
54 being disposed between conductors 30, 32 and lying in a
horizontal plane spaced between and parallel with the planes 49, 51
of the upper and lower dipole elements, element 54 extending
outwardly equal distances on opposite sides of the vertical plane
defined by conductors 30, 32 and being perpendicular thereto in the
illustrated embodiment. While parasitic element 54 is shown as
being formed as a unitary, straight metal rod, it will be
understood that it may comprise two collinear elements connected
together by means of an insulator. Further, if the dipole elements
have a configuration other than that shown, i.e., such as being
inclined forwardly, parasitic element 54 may either be straight, as
shown, or have a configuration corresponding to that of the dipole
elements.
Referring now to FIG. 4 of the drawings, it is the applicant's
theory that the presence of the parasitic element 54 functions to
optimize the coupling between the antenna 20 and the receiver by
increasing the impedance between the two conductors 30 and 32 of
transmission line 28 at the critical frequency of antenna 20. In
FIG. 4, transmission line 28 is shown in its equivalent circuit
form as comprising series inductances 56 and shunt capacitors 58.
Here, four dipole elements 60 are shown respectively tuned to
frequencies f.sub.1, f.sub.2, f.sub.3 and f.sub.4. Assuming now
that the narrowband antenna 20 shown as having a conventional Yagi
configuration is tuned to the frequency f.sub.4, it appears that
the impedance of transmission line 28 between points 62, to which
the dipole is connected, is low, thus in essence short circuiting
the signal from antenna 20. By inserting the parasitic element 54
in the vicinity of points 62 and the dipole element f.sub.4, and by
selecting the length of the parasitic element 54 so that it
resonates at the frequency f.sub.4 of antenna 20 and dipole
f.sub.4, parasitic element 54 may be regarded as a tank circuit 64
operating at the resonate frequency f.sub.4, the theoretical
impedance of this tank circuit thus being infinity. Thus, the
applicant believes that by positioning parasitic element 54
adjacent the dipole element f.sub.4 and cutting it to the proper
length, the impedance of transmission line 28 between points 62 is
raised to infinity, the signal frequency f.sub.4 of antenna 20
thereby being passed to the receiver with minimum attenuation.
It may be desirable to peak the broadband antenna 14 at an
additional, different frequency. This may readily be accomplished
by providing another parasitic element 66 having a suitable length
at the proper location between conductors 30 and 32 of transmission
line 28, the applicant believing that in this instance the
additional parasitic element 66 acts either as a director or a
reflector, depending upon the active dipole elements of antenna 14
with which it is associated.
It will be readily understood that the upper VHF-UHF antenna
assembly 12 and the lower broadband UHF antenna 14 may be oriented
in different directions as clearly seen in FIG. 2. It will further
be readily understood that the upper VHF antenna 18 may be
eliminated, leaving only the narrowband UHF antenna 20 and the
broadband UHF antenna 14. Further, a conventional VHF antenna may
additionally be supported on the lower boom 26 with its front end
connected to the rear terminal ends 38, 40 of transmission line 28
of the broadband UHF antenna 14.
While the invention has been above-described in connection with the
reception of television signals, it will be readily understood that
the invention is not limited to reception applications, and it is
equally applicable to transmitting applications. In a specific
embodiment of the invention, broadband antenna UHF 14 was designed
to receive the frequency range from channel 14 to channel 83.
Conductors 30, 32 were each 203/4 ths inches long and spaced apart
by 21/2 inches. Eleven pair of dipole elements 46a and 46b, 48a and
48b, et seq. were provided, respectively having the following
lengths and spacing from the rear to the front end of the antenna:
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Length Spacing
__________________________________________________________________________
(46a, 46b) 61/4 11/4 (from rear terminal ends 38,40) (48a, 48b)
51/2 41/4 (from 46a, 46b) 51/8 71/4 43/4 91/2 41/4 113/4 4 133/4
35/8 151/2 33/8 163/4 31/4 173/4 31/8 181/2 3 19
__________________________________________________________________________
With the narrowband UHF antenna 20 cut for channel 17, parasitic
element 54 was 12 inches long and located 83/4ths inches from rear
terminal ends 38, 40. In order, additionally to peak UHF antenna 14
for channel 28, parasitic element 66 was 10 inches long and located
173/4ths inches from rear terminal ends 38, 40.
While the two conductors 30 and 32 are disclosed as being parallel,
it is to be understood that this is a special case and that the
conductors may diverge or converge from the feed terminals 42 and
44 without departing from the spirit and scope of this
invention.
While there have been described above the principles of this
invention in connection with specific apparatus, it is to be
clearly understood that this description is made only by way of
example and not as a limitation of the scope of the invention.
* * * * *