U.S. patent number 3,618,064 [Application Number 04/851,606] was granted by the patent office on 1971-11-02 for crane computer.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Eaton Yale & Towne, Inc.. Invention is credited to Martin W. Hamilton.
United States Patent |
3,618,064 |
Hamilton |
November 2, 1971 |
CRANE COMPUTER
Abstract
A crane load angle computer having a load cell to indicate the
actual instantaneous load being sustained by a crane and for
developing an electrical signal in response thereto. Means are also
provided to develop an electrical signal which is indicative of the
actual instantaneous angle of inclination of the crane, and means
are provided to develop a signal indicative of the desired maximum
loading of the crane at any specified angle. The circuit of the
present invention combines the actual load signal with the
instantaneous desired maximum signal at a specified angle and
utilizes the resulting information to determine whether an alarm
should be triggered. An angle potentiometer is provided which has a
pair of resistor windings and associated movable contacts which are
operated by a pendulum-type actuator. The contacts or wipers move
along the respective resistors in accordance with the actual
instantaneous angle of inclination of the crane. One of the angle
resistors may have its output coupled directly to a meter so as to
directly indicate the angle of the crane. The other angle resistor
has a plurality of contacts spaced along the length thereof, and a
series of potentiometers are coupled to each of these contacts.
Each potentiometer provides an output signal which is indicative of
the desired maximum loading of the crane at a specified angle which
corresponds to the respective points of contact along the angle
resistor. Therefore, as the pendulum-operated wiper moves along the
resistor, it picks off the signal values which indicate the desired
maximum loading at the respective angles of inclination. The alarm
is triggered when this load-angle information exceeds a given
relationship to the signal at the output of the load cell.
Inventors: |
Hamilton; Martin W. (Arlington
Heights, IL) |
Assignee: |
Eaton Yale & Towne, Inc.
(Cleveland, OH)
|
Family
ID: |
25311192 |
Appl.
No.: |
04/851,606 |
Filed: |
August 20, 1969 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
340/522; 340/685;
701/124; 702/173; 702/151 |
Current CPC
Class: |
G06G
7/64 (20130101); B66C 23/905 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
G06G
7/00 (20060101); B66C 23/90 (20060101); B66C
23/00 (20060101); G06G 7/64 (20060101); G08b
021/00 () |
Field of
Search: |
;340/282,267C,285
;177/210,48 ;235/61PS,150.2,189 ;33/1 ;212/39 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Caldwell; John W.
Assistant Examiner: Bobbitt; J. Michael
Claims
I claim as my invention:
1. A crane load angle computer comprising:
a load cell and means for producing a first signal therefrom
representative of the instantaneous load being sustained by a
crane,
means for producing a second signal representative of the desired
maximum-loading of said crane at specified angles of inclination
thereof,
means for combining said first and second signals, and
means for triggering an alarm when the actual load as measured by
said first signal exceeds the desired maximum load as determined by
said second signal, said means for producing said second signal
comprising a series of parallel-coupled maximum-loading
potentiometers, each having a predetermined signal output
corresponding to the desired maximum crane loading at a specific
different crane inclination angle.
2. A crane load-angle computer in accordance with claim 1 wherein
said maximum-loading potentiometers are assembled on a plug-in
board to have the desired characteristics for the specified crane
being utilized and wherein the plug-in board couples each of said
maximum-loading potentiometers to the respective desired points on
the angle-measuring resistor.
3. A crane load-angle computer in accordance with claim 2 wherein
the signal developed at said movable contact is out of phase with
said first signal at the output of said load cell and wherein means
are provided for summing said out-of-phase signal to produce a null
condition when the actual loading at a specific angle equals the
desired maximum loading at that angle.
4. A crane load angle computer comprising:
a load cell for producing a signal representative of the load
sustained by the crane,
computer means for producing a desired maximum-loading signal that
varies with crane angle,
means for comparing the load-cell output signal with the desired
maximum-loading signal and for generating an alarm when a given
relationship between the actual load signal and the desired
maximum-loading signal is reached,
said oscillator having a first signal coupled to said load cell and
a second out-of-phase signal coupled to said computer means and
wherein a circuit current-summing point is provided to combine the
load cell output current with the out-of-phase computer output
current.
5. A crane load-angle computer in accordance with claim 4 wherein
said computer means comprises a series of current sources
representative of a desired loading at given angles of inclination
of said crane and means responsive to the instantaneous angle of
said crane for coupling the associated one of said current sources
to said comparison means.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Field of the Invention
The field of art to which this invention pertains is
load-determining systems for a crane and in particular to circuit
means for generating a signal indicative of the desired maximum
loading of a crane at specified crane angles and for comparing the
desired maximum loading with the actual instantaneous loading to
determine whether an alarm should be triggered.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
It is an important feature of the present invention to provide an
improved crane angle computer.
It is another feature of the present invention to provide an
improved system for signalling an alarm during crane overload
conditions.
It is an important object of the present invention to provide a
circuit for computing the instantaneous desired loading for a crane
as the angle of inclination of the crane varies between extreme
horizontal and extreme vertical positions.
It is another object of the present invention to provide a circuit
for generating a signal in response to the actual loading being
sustained by a crane and for comparing that signal with another
signal which is indicative of the desired loading of the crane at
any specified crane angle.
It is a further object of the present invention to provide an
improved angle indicating and computing circuit for delivering a
signal to a circuit summation point which is indicative of the
desired maximum load signal to be received from a load cell which
measures the actual loading being sustained by the crane.
It is a further object of the present invention to provide a
computer circuit as described above wherein a plug-in board may be
employed in a principal circuit to vary the desired loading-angle
relationship for different crane systems.
These and other objects, features and advantages of the invention
will be readily apparent from the following description of a
preferred embodiment thereof, taken in conjunction with the
accompanying drawings, although variations and modifications may be
effected without departing from the spirit and scope of the novel
concepts of the disclosure.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a partial block diagram and partial schematic showing the
computer circuitry of the present invention and in particular
illustrating the circuitry of the plug-in board which is used to
produce an output signal indicative of the desired loading of the
crane at any specified crane-angle of inclination,
FIG. 2 is a top view of a potentiometer which is operated by a
moving pendulum of the type which may be employed in the circuit of
the present invention, and
FIG. 3 is a partially sectioned view illustrating the operation of
such a potentiometer.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
The crane computer circuit of the present invention has means for
developing an instantaneous signal which is indicative of the
actual loading being sustained by the crane. The circuit also
develops a signal which is indicative of the instantaneous desired
maximum loading for the crane at any specified angle of
inclination. These two signals are then combined and are utilized
to determine whether an alarm should be triggered to indicate an
overload condition for the crane.
The circuit portion which develops the desired maximum-loading
signals for crane angle comprises a plurality of potentiometers or
current sources which are coupled in parallel. Each of these
potentiometers or current sources are connected to different spaced
points along a resistor which may be referred to as an
angle-measuring resistor. The angle-measuring resistor is part of
an angle potentiometer which is operated by a pendulum-type
operator. Essentially, as the crane angle increases or decreases,
the pendulum operator moves a contact along the angle-measuring
resistor so that the desired maximum-loading signal for a specified
angle may be coupled to a current summation point to compare that
loading signal with the actual loading signal as provided by a
properly positioned load cell.
The angle-measuring potentiometer may also have a separate winding
so that the actual instantaneous angle of the crane can be measured
directly on an angle-calibrated meter.
An oscillator is provided of a suitable high frequency such as
2,500 Hz. This oscillator is used to power the load cell and to
supply power to the series of parallel-coupled resistors to
generate the desired current source to be compared with the load
cell output.
The oscillator provides output signals of phase A and phase B which
are 180.degree. apart. The load cell provides an output signal of
phase A and phase B is coupled to the series of parallel resistors
to provide an output signal of phase B. Accordingly, when the load
cell output signal equals the desired maximum-loading signal, a
null condition is reached which triggers an operational amplifier
and in turn triggers an indicator light to a phase detector and a
differential amplifier.
The angle potentiometer may be of any form which is capable of
moving a wiper or contact along the resistor associated with the
desired maximum-loading signals. One form of the angle
potentiometer consists of a pendulum-operated device wherein the
weight of a pendulum actuator arm is used for generating the
desired motion of the wiper or movable contact of the
angle-measuring resistor.
Referring to the drawings in greater detail, an oscillator 10 has
an output signal which may be in the order of 2,500 cycles or some
other suitable frequency. The output signal is divided into phase A
which is available at terminal 11 and phase B which is available at
terminal 12. Phases A and B are generally in the order of
180.degree. apart.
The outputs 11 and 12 are coupled through circuit lines 13 and 14
respectively directly to a load cell 15. The load cell may be
conventional in structure and produces an output signal of phase A
at its output terminal 16. As is well understood in the load cell
art, the output signal 16 is directly related to the actual load
being sustained by the load cell.
The load cell 15 may be positioned at some point on the crane which
is sensitive to the net weight being sustained by the crane.
Any forces being sustained by the load cell when the crane is in an
unloaded state may be balanced by a subtracted potentiometer 17.
The balance potentiometer 17 includes a resistor 18 and a movable
contact 19. The resistor 18 is coupled directly across the circuit
lines 13 and 14 as at contact points 20 and 21 respectively. The
movable contact 19 is connected to a resistor 22 and a circuit line
23 to a current summation point 24. Also, the output of the load
cell at 16 is likewise coupled to the current summation point
24.
The output from the current summation point 24 is coupled through
an operational amplifier 25 having a feedback resistor 26 and to a
phase detector 27.
The output of the oscillator 10 is also coupled to the phase
detector 27 through circuit lines 28 and 29 respectively.
The phase detector 27 compares the phase of the oscillator with the
phase of the signal at the input 30 to the phase detector and
generates a direct current output signal at 31 in response thereto.
By using the phase detector 27, spurious signals may be prevented
from triggering the alarm system.
The output of the phase detector at 31 is then coupled to a
differential amplifier 32 as is well understood and the output of
the differential amplifier is coupled to a signal lamp 33.
The angle potentiometer or angle transducer is indicated generally
by reference numeral 34 and includes a pendulum 35 which operates a
pair of movable contacts or wipers 36 and 37.
The contact 37 operates in conjunction with the resistor 38 which
is coupled from a suitable voltage source at 39 to ground as at 40.
An adjustable potentiometer 41 is coupled in series with the
contact 37 and couples energy from the contact 37 to a meter 42
which is grounded as at 43.
The potentiometer 37-38 is used directly as an indicator of angle
of the crane. The contact 37 is moved along the resistor 38 in
accordance with the actual instantaneous angle of the crane. The
output signal from the movable contact 37 registers on the meter 42
which is calibrated in terms of degrees of angle.
The program or plug-in board which is utilized to develop the
respective current sources indicative of the desired maximum
loading of the crane at respective angles is indicated generally by
reference numeral 44.
The program board 44 consists of a plurality of resistors 45
through 50. These resistors are connected in parallel from a
circuit point 51 on the circuit line 14 to circuit ground as at 52.
While six such resistors are shown in the drawing, more or less
resistors may be utilized as desired and as indicated by the broken
circuit line as at 53.
Each of the resistors 45 through 50 has a movable contact
associated therewith such as the contacts 54 through 59. These
contacts may be varied to provide the desired current signal output
at the respective angle of inclination of the crane.
Each of these movable contacts 54 through 59 have their outputs
connected as at 60 through 65 to an angle-measuring resistor 66.
The angle-measuring resistor 66 operates in conjunction with the
movable contact or wiper 36 which in turn is driven by the pendulum
35.
Accordingly, it is apparent that as the angle of the crane changes
and the wiper 36 moves along the length of the resistor 66, a
program set of current sources are coupled to the output of the
contact 36. As explained, these current sources reflect the desired
maximum loading of the crane at the given angle which is reflected
by the mechanical positioning of the movable contact 36 of the
resistor 66.
The output of the contact 36 is coupled to a scaling resistor 67
which in turn is coupled as at 68 directly to the current summation
point 24.
Since the current supplied by the movable contact 36 is opposite in
phase to the current supplied by the line 16 at the load cell 15,
these two signals will subtract from one another at the current
summation point 24. Accordingly, as the actual load on the cell 15
equals the desired maximum loading as determined by the setting of
the potentiometers 54 through 59, the signal at the current
summation point will be zero and the differential amplifier 32 will
be triggered to produce an alarm at the indicator 33.
If an actual reading of the load being sustained by the crane is
desired, a push button 69 may be actuated to disconnect the movable
contact 36 from the current summation point 24. When this occurs,
the output of the operational amplifier and phase detector is
directly indicative of the load being sustained by the load cell.
This may be measured by a meter 70 which is operated by a meter
range switch 71. As shown by the dashed line 72, the switch 69 may
be part of the meter range switch 71.
The angle transducer may be of any desired form, and one such form
is shown generally in FIGS. 2 and 3. The angle transducer generally
comprises a casing or housing 73 which has a movable weight 74
pivotally mounted therein as at 75. A mass 76 may be coupled to the
weight as shown in FIG. 3, and the entire assembly may be so
mounted on the crane such that increased angle of the crane causes
the weight of the member 76 to pivot the blade 74 about its pivot
point 75. The potentiometer is shown as at 77, and as well
understood, the movement of the blade 74 will cause the contacts on
the potentiometer, the contacts 36 and 37 of FIG. 1, to advance
along their respective resistors, 66 and 38 respectively. The
output from the angle transducer may be coupled through a cable as
at 78.
Through the circuit features of this invention, a continuous
automatic monitoring of the critical loading of the crane is
achieved, and at the same time means are provided for specific load
and angle readings for manual checking of the load-angle
relationship.
* * * * *