U.S. patent number 3,617,700 [Application Number 04/829,516] was granted by the patent office on 1971-11-02 for immersion heater.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Torginol Industries Incorporated. Invention is credited to Robert Edward Hooper.
United States Patent |
3,617,700 |
Hooper |
November 2, 1971 |
IMMERSION HEATER
Abstract
Electrical liquid-heating apparatus for rapid heating of small
unit volumes of a liquid such as water in which a unit volume
container is provided with a heating element at its upper end, and
a partially closed top supports an upper well, heating of the water
within the container driving a certain portion of the water
upwardly into the well, and a recirculation conduit carries the
water from the well downwardly to the bottom of the container, the
whole structure being sealed within a housing, water being drawn
into the housing and container from an outside source by means of a
vacuum, and the heated unit volume of water being drawn off from
the container by means of the same vacuum.
Inventors: |
Hooper; Robert Edward
(Oakville, Ontario, CA) |
Assignee: |
Torginol Industries
Incorporated (N/A)
|
Family
ID: |
25254754 |
Appl.
No.: |
04/829,516 |
Filed: |
June 2, 1969 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
392/487;
392/485 |
Current CPC
Class: |
F24H
1/202 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
F24H
1/20 (20060101); F24h 001/10 () |
Field of
Search: |
;219/306,312,314,316
;126/362 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Truhe; J. V.
Assistant Examiner: Albritton; C. L.
Claims
What I claim is:
1. Electrical liquid heating apparatus for rapid heating of small
unit volumes of liquid and comprising:
a unit volume liquid container having sidewalls, a bottom and a
top;
upper wall means having a predetermined height defining a liquid
well on the upper surface of said container top;
at least one tubular conduit fastened to said container top and
having one end open to said well, below said predetermined height
and the other end opening into said container adjacent the bottom
thereof for conducting liquid from said well downwardly into said
container and delivering the same adjacent the bottom thereof;
electrical heating element means supported within said container
and extending around the same adjacent the upper end thereof;
a plurality of liquid passageways connected to said container top
and communicating between said container and said well, heating of
said liquid in said container by said heating element producing
displacement of liquid upwardly through said liquid passageways
into said well for subsequent recirculation downwardly through said
conduit into the lower end of said container;
a housing sealed around and enclosing said container and said
liquid well means thereon and defining a jacket surrounding the
same for containing additional liquid outside said unit volume
container and communicating with said container only through said
liquid well for passage of said liquid therein from said
housing;
inlet means for introducing liquid within said housing, and,
outlet means for connecting said housing to any suitable conduit
for removing liquid from said housing and container.
2. Apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein said liquid container
is of an upright, cylindrical shape, and wherein said wall means
comprise an annular upstanding wall arranged on the upper surface
of said container top, said tubular conduit being arranged along
the central axis of said container, and said plurality of liquid
passageways being arranged around said tubular conduit within said
wall means.
3. Apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein said outlet means are
adapted for connecting said housing to any suitable vacuum source
for drawing liquid into said housing and container under vacuum and
filling the same.
4. Apparatus as claimed in claim 1, incorporating pressure relief
opening means in said housing.
5. Apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein said housing is of
upright cylindrical shape, of larger internal diameter than the
external diameter of said container and defining a generally
cylindrical spacing therearound for containing additional liquid,
and a liquid inlet tube opening into the lower end of said housing
between said housing and said container, and a one-way valve in
said tube.
6. Apparatus as claimed in claim 1, including a liquid withdrawal
tube extending from the interior of said housing into said tubular
conduit within said container, said withdrawal tube communicating
with said outlet connection means on said housing.
7. Apparatus as claimed in claim 1, including a downwardly
dependent flange member within said housing arranged and
dimensioned to extend around said wall member on the upper surface
of the top of said container.
8. Apparatus as claimed in claim 7 wherein said liquid passageways
in said container top include downwardly dependent portions
extending into said container a predetermined distance locating
same below the normal liquid level therein for entrapment of water
vapor in the upper end of said container.
Description
The present invention relates to an electrical immersion heater for
heating small unit quantities of liquid such as water, and is
particularly designed for employment in a beverage-dispensing
system installed in automobiles.
In beverage-dispensing systems of this type, water and other
beverages are stored in suitable plastic containers in the trunk of
the automobile and a dispensing console is mounted in the passenger
compartment of the automobile connected to the liquid storage
containers by means of a system of pipes, and the liquid is drawn
from the container into the console, and simultaneously dispensed
from the console into a cup by means of the vacuum induced in the
inlet manifold of the automobile engine. In order to provide a
selection of different beverages, both hot and cold, some means of
heating the water, as it is drawn from the container to the
console, must be incorporated which will heat the beverage or water
to a temperature preferably in the region of 180.degree. F. or
thereabouts, or in any event, somewhat higher than is suitable for
drinking. One form of such beverage-dispensing system is disclosed
in United Kingdom Pat. No. 1,084,834, although obviously the
present invention may find employment in other forms of
beverage-dispensing system both in automobiles and elsewhere. One
form of water-heating system which has been employed in the past,
in the aforesaid beverage-dispensing system referred to, has been
in the form of a heat exchanger with a central bore connected to
the coolant system of the automobile, and an outer jacket through
which the cold water was drawn and thereby raised to the
temperature of the coolant. While this system is highly efficient,
it incorporated certain disadvantages. Thus, for example, the
system did not become operative until the engine had been run for
some time sufficient to raise the coolant temperature
substantially. Secondly, it involved fairly radical modification of
the automobile coolant system resulting in certain minor problems
with regard to, for example, manufacturers' guarantees on the
original automobile and the like, and the labor involved was fairly
substantial and such heat exchanger occupied a considerable space
in the engine compartment. As a result, it was somewhat difficult
to install in smaller types of cars, and, of course, made it
impossible to install such dispensing systems in cars without a
liquid coolant system.
Accordingly, the present invention seeks to provide an electrical
immersion heater designed particularly for use in connection with
such a beverage-dispensing system although obviously having other
applications, in which a small predetermined unit quantity of water
or other liquid is rapidly heated in a very short time, and which
is entirely automatic in operation and which cannot suffer any ill
effects from cold weather and the like and which is adapted to be
operated by power supplies of typical automobiles.
More particularly, it is an objective of the present invention to
provide a immersion heater having the foregoing advantages which is
a completely sealed system free from any contamination, in which
the act of withdrawing a predetermined unit quantity of liquid also
results in the immersion heater being replenished with the same
quantity of liquid whereby to provide for continuous operation.
More particularly, it is an objective of the present invention to
provide an immersion heater having the foregoing advantages in
which the unit volume of water actually being heated is located in
an inner container which is surrounded by an outer jacket
containing a further unit volume of liquid which is preheated to
some degree during the heating of the liquid in the inner
container.
More particularly, it is an objective of the present invention to
provide an immersion heater having the foregoing advantages in
which the water being heated is subjected to a circulating action
thereby increasing the speed with which the entire unit volume is
brought up to the desired temperature.
More particularly, it is an objective of the present invention to
provide an immersion heater having the foregoing advantages which
is designed for incorporation in a continuous fluid supply system
for use in an automobile in which the liquid supply and the
dispensing location may be located at various different elevations
with respect to the immersion heater, and in which syphoning
effects are rendered impossible notwithstanding any such
variations.
The foregoing and other objectives will become apparent from the
following description of a preferred embodiment of the invention
which is given here by way of example only with reference to the
following drawings in which like reference devices refer to like
parts thereof throughout the various views and diagrams and in
which:
FIG. 1 is an exploded perspective view, partially cut away, of an
immersion heater according to the present invention, and,
FIG. 2 is a section along the line 2--2 of FIG. 1.
With reference to the drawings, it will be noted that the immersion
heater according to the invention consists essentially of an inner
heating chamber indicated as C and an outer preheating jacket
indicated as J, inner chamber C. Being of predetermined unit of
volume equivalent to the volume of approximately two to three
normal drinking cups, the outer jacket J has a volume which is more
or less equivalent, or slightly less than that of the chamber
C.
Dealing first with chamber C, it will be seen that this is formed
of a cylindrical container member 10 of plastic or the like
material mounted on a base 11 to which it is sealed by means of the
annular wall 12 integrally molded with base 11 for the purpose. An
electrical immersion heater element 13 is formed into a coil within
container 10 and terminals 14 extend outwardly from base 11 for
connection to the power supply of an automobile, through any
suitable switching means (not shown) which may be operated by a
passenger in the automobile. Integrally molded with container 10
there is an upper flattened top member 15 having a group of liquid
passageways 16 passing therethrough, and an upstanding annular wall
17 surrounding the group of passageways 16 and separating them from
the remaining outer portion of top member 15. Within container 10,
and integrally molded therewith, there is provided the central
liquid circulation column 18 which consists essentially of a tube
open at both ends, the upper end thereof designated as 19
communicating through top member 15 and into the area surrounded by
annular wall 17, whereby to permit any liquid which may have
expanded and risen upwardly through passageway 16 to return down
into container 10 through tube 18 somewhat in the manner of a
percolator thereby providing a continuous liquid circulation. It
will be understood that in order to produce the greatest
effectiveness, and ensure that such liquid circulation takes place
as quickly as possible after commencement of heating, the element
13 is preferably placed at the upper end of container member 10,
and between container 10, and the downwardly dependent portions of
passageways 16, thereby ensuring that water or other liquid heated
by such element 13 rises directly upwardly within container 10, and
is trapped between container 10 and top member 15, at which point
it generates a certain amount of water vapor and steam which cannot
escape due to the fact that the downwardly dependent portions of
passageways 16 are immersed in water. The trapped water vapor and
steam will thus develop a localized pressure which will force water
upwardly within the passageway 16 to commence the circulation
within container 10. It will be understood that the reference to a
percolator action is only approximate, since the circulation in the
case of the present invention takes place in a direction which is
essentially opposite to the circulation within the normal
percolator.
The outer preheating jacket J consists of a cylindrical container
20 having an integrally molded top 21, and being adapted to be
closed and sealed at its lower end by base 11 which is provided
with an outer annular rim or wall 22 dimensioned to fit snugly
around the exterior of container 20 and make sealing engagement
therewith. At the upper end of container 20 a downwardly dependent
annular baffle member 23 is integrally molded with top 21, having
an outer diameter equal to the outer diameter of container 10, and
being of such a height as to define a predetermined spacing between
walls 23 and the top surface 15 of container 10 for flow of liquid
therethrough.
In order to provide for a self-regulating liquid inlet, an inlet
spigot connection 24 is integrally molded with the top 21 of
container 20, and an inlet conduit tube 25 is integrally molded in
registration with spigot 24 whereby to conduct incoming water from
spigot 24 directly to the lower region of jacket J. An outlet
spigot 26 is integrally molded on the central axis of top member 21
for connection to a vacuum withdrawal system (not shown), and makes
communication with liquid withdrawal tube 27 integrally molded on
the interior of top member 21, which is of such a length as to
enter the upper end 19 of tube 18.
A safety valve is provided in the form of the valve socket 28
integrally molded with top member 21, and valve screw 29, by means
of which imbalance of pressure resulting from heating or subsequent
cooling of the unit, which will result in development of elevated
or reduced pressures respectively, may be corrected. As an
additional safety measure, any suitable form of temperature limit
switch (not shown) may be attached to base 11, for example, and
connected in circuit with the electrical supply system, whereby to
avoid damage to the unit due to overheating. It will be understood
that the safety valve described above, is essentially a two-way
pressure relief valve, which operates to relieve either excessive
pressures or reduced pressures within the immersion heater unit,
the screw thread around screw 29 merely providing a restricted flow
path for air or water vapor, passing out of or into the immersion
heater unit, but preventing flow of water or other liquid
therethrough.
In order to prevent any reverse syphoning action, a check valve is
provided at the lower end of inlet conduit tube 25, consisting of
the wire mesh disc 30, and the flexible plastic or rubber diaphragm
31 which is formed with the generally star-shaped cuts or incisions
32 therein. Diaphragm 31 and wire mesh disc 30 are retained at the
lower end of tube 25 by means of the retaining collar 33 which is
formed to fit tightly over the end of tube 25 and is retained
thereon by adhesive or other suitable means.
In operation, a liquid supply, for example, a water supply in the
trunk of an automobile may be connected by a suitable liquid
conduit to inlet spigot 24, and a vacuum hose, for example,
connected from the dispensing console in passenger compartment of
an automobile may be connected to outlet spigot 26. Upon the
opening of the vacuum line, the air contained within container 10
and outer container 20 is progressively exhausted, thereby causing
induction of water through inlet spigot 24 and down tube 25. Such
water will then fill the outer jacket J and as soon as it reaches
the upper edge of container 10, it will flow between top 15 and
downwardly dependent wall 23 and will then rise upwardly and
overflow over the top of upstanding wall 17. The liquid will then
flow downwardly to opening 16 and fill container 10 and tube 18,
and will then flow upwardly through tube 27 and outlet spigot 26,
and then be delivered to the dispensing console (not shown) in the
passenger compartment of the automobile. As soon as cold water is
delivered in the passenger compartment, the vacuum will then be
closed off by a suitable valve provided for the purpose (not shown)
and the electrical power supply will be switched on, thereby
heating the immersion heater element 13. The water surrounding
element 13 will rapidly be heated up, since it consists at the most
of 10 or 12 fluid ounces, and by convexion, the heated water will
rise upwardly and be trapped by the top member 15 and the
downwardly dependent portion of passageway 16, in which region
water vapor or steam will be developed causing localized increase
of pressure which will thus force the water or other liquid within
the container 10 to flow upwardly through opening 16 into the space
or well defined by wall 17 and pass through the open top 19 of tube
18 and flow downwardly in tube 18 to the lower end of container 10.
Simultaneously, the cold water within tube 18 will of course flow
downwardly and into the lower end of container 10 whereupon it will
be immediately heated and the circulation of water will continue
until the whole contents of container 10 and tube 18 are brought up
to a predetermined maximum temperature, generally in the region of
about 180.degree. F. At this point, by any suitable switching means
(not shown) the element 13 may be switched off, or may
alternatively be switched to a position of a reduced power, and the
passenger within the automobile will then again open up the vacuum
line and draw off the contents of container 10 and tube 18 through
tube 27 and spigot 26. As such heated liquid is drawn off, further
liquid is drawn from jacket J in the same manner as described
before. Obviously, the water in the jacket J has been, to some
extent, preheated due to its close proximity with the exterior of
container 10, and so will be brought up to the desired maximum
temperature by element 13 much more quickly, thereby permitting the
passenger in the automobile to dispense one cup after another of
hot beverage almost without delay.
It will be understood from the foregoing that the immersion heater
unit, according to the invention in its normal operation condition,
will be filled with liquid, under normal operating conditions, more
or less up to the upper edge of the wall member 17, the remaining
portion being filled with air. However, as the temperature of the
water within container 10 rises, pressures will develop which must
be relieved to avoid damage to the unit. This is achieved through
the medium of the pressure relief valve housing 28 and valve screw
29, which permits excess air and water vapors to escape slowly. As
the unit cools down, air can bleed back into the unit through the
safety valve housing 28 and screw 29 in order to compensate for any
loss of pressure within the unit which might cause damage. In
addition, it is found that by the use of a sealed heating unit,
which communicates to the atmosphere only through a restricted
safety valve such as that in the present invention, any tendency
for the liquid to syphon either into or out of the unit is
completely eliminated. In addition, the possibility of reverse
syphoning upon cooling is further reduced by the action of the
diaphragm 31 and the wire mesh disc 30. Thus when water is flowing
downwardly through tube 25, such water will cause the diaphragm 31
to be distended and it will flex downwardly thereby permitting such
water to flow freely therethrough, and through the collar 33 as
desired. However as soon as any such water attempts to reverse such
flow due to syphoning effects, for example, the diaphragm 31 is
held closed by means of the wire mesh disc 30, and cannot pass any
substantial volume of water therethrough.
The foregoing is a description of a preferred embodiment of the
invention and is given here by way of example only. The invention
is not to be taken as limited to any of the specific features as
described but comprehends all such variations thereof as come
within the scope of the appended claims.
* * * * *