U.S. patent number 3,617,687 [Application Number 04/847,139] was granted by the patent office on 1971-11-02 for directional arc-generating device.
Invention is credited to Shuzo Katawoka.
United States Patent |
3,617,687 |
Katawoka |
November 2, 1971 |
DIRECTIONAL ARC-GENERATING DEVICE
Abstract
An arc-generating device comprising a plurality of electrode
members each of which has the discharge surface sloped toward the
inner and lower part thereof from the upper peripheral edge, said
electrode members being assembled as an electrode assembly so that
a conically concaved discharge space is formed by the discharge
surfaces of all electrode members, and a longitudinal narrow gap is
established between adjacent electrode members of each pair,
whereby an electric arc is made to generate along said discharge
space successively per two opposite discharge surfaces, thus
establishing a directional arc stream along a common axis of the
discharge surfaces, and respective pairs of the electrode members
of said arc-generating device being supplied successively with
pulse-shaped DC or AC voltage or a polyphase voltage.
Inventors: |
Katawoka; Shuzo
(Nishiyodogawa-ku, Osaka-shi, Osaka-fu, JA) |
Family
ID: |
25299870 |
Appl.
No.: |
04/847,139 |
Filed: |
August 4, 1969 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
219/122;
219/145.21; 313/351; 314/48 |
Current CPC
Class: |
H05H
1/34 (20130101); H05H 1/36 (20130101); H05H
1/38 (20130101); B23K 10/00 (20130101); H05H
1/3478 (20210501) |
Current International
Class: |
B23K
10/00 (20060101); H05H 1/26 (20060101); H05H
1/38 (20060101); H05H 1/36 (20060101); H05H
1/34 (20060101); B23k 009/00 () |
Field of
Search: |
;219/122,119,145,146
;314/20,33,45,48,53,59,60 ;13/18 ;313/309,351,231 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Foreign Patent Documents
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|
|
|
|
|
|
304,862 |
|
Apr 1955 |
|
CH |
|
406,462 |
|
Jan 1943 |
|
FR |
|
Primary Examiner: Truhe; J. V.
Assistant Examiner: Schutzman; L. A.
Claims
I claim:
1. A directional arc-generating device comprising an electrode
assembly having an even number of at least four or more electrode
members arranged in an adjacent spaced relation, each said
electrode member having a longitudinal planar sidewall disposed in
parallel face-to-face relation with a said sidewall of each
adjacent said electrode member in said assembly, and each said
electrode member having an arc-producing end which slants inwardly
to define a conical concave arc-producing end of said assembly
which provides a cavity having gaps between said electrode members,
said electrode members being arranged in opposed pairs, means
engaging said electrode members for maintaining said spaced
relation of said electrode members, and means connected to said
electrode members for supplying a varying arc-producing voltage
successively to said opposed pairs of electrode members to produce
intermittent successive arcs between said opposed pairs of
electrode members, said arcs being directed outwardly of said
cavity.
2. A directional arc-generating device as claimed in claim 1 in
which each said electrode member consists of an elongated member
made of a consumable electrode material, and in which said means
maintaining said electrode members in said spaced relation
comprises a heat-resistant insulating device fixedly engaging each
said electrode member.
3. A directional arc-generating device as claimed in claim 1, in
which said means for supplying a varying voltage includes AC
polyphase voltage source means having a pair of terminals for each
phase, and means connecting said pairs of terminals, respectively,
to said opposing pairs of electrode members.
4. A directional arc-generating device as claimed in claim 1, in
which said means for supplying a varying voltage includes pulsed DC
voltage source means, and means connecting said voltage source
means to said electrode members for successively applying DC pulses
to different opposed pairs of electrode members.
5. A directional arc-generating device as claimed in claim 1, in
which said means for supplying a varying voltage includes AC
voltage source means, and means connecting said voltage source
means to said electrode members for successively applying AC
voltage to different opposed pairs of electrode members.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a directional arc-generating
device which can effectively eject a directional arc stream.
Hitherto, in the conventional arc-ejecting devices used in arc
welding and the like, generation of a concentrated and stable
directional arc has been very difficult, and such generation could
not be realized without entailing very complicated and expensive
construction. Furthermore, in the conventional arc-generating
devices, when electrode members made of a consumable material are
used as the electrode members, it is necessary to adjust the
discharge gap with consumption of the electrode members during the
period of use, this adjustment being very troublesome and causing
high complexity of the construction.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
An essential object of the present invention is to provide a
directional arc-generating device which can eject a concentrated
and stable directional arc in spite of relatively simple and easily
manageable construction of the device.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a directional
arc-generating device which can effectively maintain a concentrated
and stable directional arc without necessitating electrode
adjustment irrespective of consumption of the electrode
members.
The above and other objects of the invention have been attained,
according to the present invention, by a device comprising a
plurality of electrode members each of which has a discharge
surface slanted toward the inner and lower part thereof from its
upper peripheral edge, said electrode members being assembled as an
electrode assembly so that a conically concaved discharge space is
formed by the discharge surfaces of all electrode members and a
longitudinal narrow gap is established between angular-shaped
longitudinally sectioned surfaces of adjacent electrode members,
whereby an electric arc stream is generated along said discharge
space successively per two opposite discharge surfaces, thus
establishing a directional arc along the common axis of the
discharge surfaces.
The foregoing and other objects as well as detailed features of the
invention will become more apparent and more readily,
understandable by the following description when read in
conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which the same or
equivalent members are designated by same numerals and
characters.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a plan view of an electrode assembly illustrating the
device of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a taken view, sectional vertically, along line (II--II)
in FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a plan view of another example of the invention, said
view corresponding to FIG. 1;
FIG. 4 is a sectional view along line (IV--IV) in FIG. 3;
FIG. 5 is a schematic side view of a directionally ejected arc
stream generated by the electrode assembly illustrated in FIG.
1;
FIG. 6 is a circuit diagram showing connection of a two-phase
voltage with the electrode members in the case when said voltage is
applied to the electrode assembly illustrated in FIG. 1 or FIG.
3;
FIG. 7 is a plan view of another example of the electrode assembly
of the invention;
FIG. 8 is a sectional view along line (VII--VII) in FIG. 7;
FIG. 9 is a side view showing the electrode assembly illustrated in
FIGS. 7 and 8; and
FIG. 10 is a circuit diagram showing an example of connection of a
three-phase voltage with the electrode members in the case when
said voltage is applied to the electrode assembly illustrated in
FIG. 7.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The invention is based on the fact that when an expansion pressure
produced by any electric arc is directed toward an axis of a
restricted space of conical configuration within said space and
said arc is successively generated along said space, the electric
arc is directionally ejected along the axis of said space.
In the following, the invention will be described in detail in
connection with the drawings. Referring to FIGS. 1 and 2; 1, 1a, 2
and 2a are respectively electrode members each having a form
corresponding to an assembly obtained by cutting vertically a short
cylinder into four symmetrical members. Each of the electrode
members is sloped at its upper portion from its upper peripheral
edge toward the inner and lower portion thereof, said sloped
surface forming a discharge surface. Four electrode members 1,
1.sub.a, 2 and 2.sub.a are assembled as an electrode assembly
having a short cylindrical form as shown in FIG. 2, whereby a
conically concave discharge space is formed by the discharge
surfaces of all electrode members, and a longitudinal narrow gap 3
is established between each pair of adjacent electrode members.
In the electrode assembly as illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 2, if a
pulse-shaped DC or AC voltage is applied for a moment, to any pair
of the electrode members, an arc discharge occurs between the
electrode members of said pair, whereby a violent thermal expansion
pressure is produced in the discharge space. This pressure presses
forcibly the circumferential surface of the conically concave
discharge space, whereby a reaction force is generated toward the
central axis of the discharge space, thus causing intentional
ejection of the arc stream along said axis of the discharge space.
However, since in the above case an instantaneous voltage is
applied, arc ejection is established for a moment only. For the
purpose of securing a continuous ejection of the discharge arc in
the discharge space, it is only necessary to generate an arc
between electrode members in a successive and wavy manner. In this
case, the successively generated elemental arcs are continuously
ejected toward the central axis of the discharge space, whereby an
assembled arc stream directed along said axis is continuously
ejected, said assembled arc being shown in FIG. 5, in which l
corresponds to length of the ejected arc stream. In this case, the
length l can be extremely lengthened by providing a large discharge
capacity, but since increases in expansion pressure leakage passing
through the longitudinal gap 3 will increase with said discharge
capacity, said gap 3 should be narrowed as much as possible within
the range capable of suppressing short circuits between adjacent
electrode members. As described above, only intermittent switching
of the voltage applied to each pair of the electrode members is
necessary in order to generate intermittently successive discharge
arc. However, for the purpose of obtaining a stable arc, it is
preferable to use an electrode assembly consisting of electrode
members of even number, said members being grouped into two groups
each consisting of every other electrode members, and to apply one
and other phases of a two-phase voltage to said groups,
respectively. According to such construction as described above, a
well-balanced arc will be generated successively in the
concave-shaped discharge space and the arc stream is concentrated
on the axial line of the discharge space. A connection diagram for
applying a two-phase voltage to the electrode assembly is shown in
FIG. 6, in which U- and V-phase voltages are applied, respectively,
to the electrode members 2, 2.sub.a and 1, 1.sub.a through
respective transformers T.sub.1 and T.sub.2.
The example of FIGS. 3 and 4 is merely different from that of FIGS.
1 and 2 in the form of the longitudinally sectioned surface of each
electrode member, and the number and arrangement of the pairs (4,
4.sub.a and 5, 5.sub.a) of the electrode members; and, the form of
the conically concave discharge space, and the narrow gaps 3 are
substantially equal to those in the example of FIGS. 1 and 2.
In the examples of FIGS. 1, 2 and 3, 4, the concave discharge space
is formed to provide a conically-concave discharge surface, but
said space may be formed to provide a pyramidally concave discharge
surface with same effect.
When the above-illustrated concave discharge space according to
this invention is utilized, there is an apprehension that the
generated arc will sink down into the narrow gap 3 between the
adjacent electrode members, but in practice expansion pressure of
the successively generating arc ejects the arc upward along the
axial direction of the assembled discharge surface. However, when
the inclination of the discharge surface is abrupt, the upward
ejection of the generated arc becomes very difficult. Therefore, it
is preferable to select the inclination angle of the discharge
surface at the central point of the discharge space so as to be at
the most 60.degree., and more particularly about 40.degree..
The longest allowable intermittent "off" period of the arc is
determined depending upon electrode material, discharge gap,
atmosphere and the like. Accordingly, the intermittent period of
time should be selected so that the "off" period of the arc may be
always shorter than the allowable longest "off" period. As a result
of the inventor's experiments, it has been confirmed that the limit
of the "off" period corresponds to the period obtained when the
discharge is intermitted twice or 1 time per second in the case
where each of the electrode members is made of a graphite material
having a large thermal inertia, said electrode members being
assembled to establish a longitudinal narrow gap of about 1.8 mm.
between adjacent electrode members to form a concaved discharge
space, and the discharge is made to occur in the air, the discharge
period and "off" period being made to be substantially equal to
each other. Although the above-mentioned limit is somewhat
different in the case of an electrode member made of a metal, in
the case of electrode member made of graphite material, even when
arc circuit under discharge condition is manually opened, it is
possible to continue reproduction of the arc by again closing said
circuit within the allowable cease period. Accordingly, in the case
of reclosing of the arc circuit, it is possible without fail in
spite of transient stoppage of the power source, to connect said
circuit with another power source having different current and
waveform thereby to switch the arc circuit on a different ejecting
condition. Accordingly, it is possible to generate alternately long
and short arc streams by repetition of rapid switching of the arc
circuit thereby to vary the height of the directional arc stream.
For the purpose of causing starting of a directional arc at the
concaved discharge space, any conventional method can be adopted,
for example, it may be possible to apply a high-frequency voltage
across the electrode members thereby to generate a high-frequency
arc therebetween or it may be possible to operate a
short-circuiting graphite piece to cause a temporary contact
thereof with the bottom portion of the concaved discharge space
thereby to generate a short circuit arc at the central portion of
the discharge surface of said space.
In embodying the present invention, if the electrode members are
made of an arc-resisting material, a directional arc can be ejected
for a long period of time. Of course, even when the electrode
members are made of a consumable material, ejection of a
directional arc can be attained for a long period of time so far as
said electrode members are enclosed in an inert atmosphere.
However, the arc-generating device according to the invention can
particularly exhibit its characteristic properties in the case when
the consumable electrode members are used.
The example shown in FIGS. 7, 8 and 9 relates to a case in which
consumable electrode members are used. In this example, an
elongated cylinder made of a consumable electrode material is
symmetrically split into six longitudinal electrode rods 6,
6.sub.a, 7, 7.sub.a, 8, and 8.sub.a each of which is worked at its
upper portion to form a discharge surface as in the case of the
example of FIG. 1. These electrode rods are bundled by mutually
clamping the electrode rods by means of a heat-resisting insulator
9 so that a longitudinal narrow gap 3 is established between
adjacent electrode rods of each pair. Of course, although there is
no indication in the drawing, the electrode rods may be
mechanically bundled into an electrode bundle through a
heat-resisting insulator having thickness corresponding to the
above-mentioned gap 3 and inserted between adjacent electrode rods
of each pair.
Actual bundling of the electrode rods is carried out in such a
manner that lower portion of each of the electrode rods is coated
with an inorganic refractory material selected from plastic clay
and heated to a temperature just below the temperature adapted to
convert said material to unglazed pottery, and then the electrode
rods treated as above are bundled as an electrode assembly.
Upper portion of each of the electrode rods is sloped, as in the
case of the example shown in FIGS. 1 and 3, from its upper
periphery toward its lower and inner portion thereby to form a
discharge surface, and all discharge surfaces of the electrode rods
are assembled to form a concaved discharge space.
Referring to the example shown in FIGS. 7, 8 and 9, as shown in
FIG. 10, if the electrode rods (7, 7.sub.a), (8.sub.a, 8) and
(6.sub.a, 6) are connected, respectively, to phases U, W, and V of
secondary coils of a three-phase transformer primary coils of which
are connected to three-phase voltage U, V and W, three-phase arc
are successively generated across opposite discharge surfaces of
each pair in accordance with phase rotation and this generated arc
is continuously ejected along the central axis of the concaved
discharge space as described in connection with the example of
FIGS. 1 and 3.
Polarities of the electrode rods of each pair, for example,
polarities of the electrode rods 7 and 7.sub.a may be reversed by
varying their connection, but for the purpose of concentrating
polyphase arc along axial direction of the concaved discharge space
it is necessary to make each phase arc generate successively onto
successively adjacent electrodes so as to cause succession crossing
of the arcs.
According to the example of FIGS. 7, 8 and 9, arc stream is
symmetric with respect to axial direction of the discharge space
and stable as shown in FIG. 5, and furthermore arc discharge is
uniformly generated successively along the discharge surfaces
forming the discharge space. Accordingly, consumption of the
discharge surfaces is strippingly carried out, so that only
successive shortening of the electrode rods occurs while
maintaining shapes of their discharge surface as they are in spite
of consumption of the electrode surfaces. As a result, the gap
between adjacent electrode rods is left as it is, so that it is
possible to continue ejection of a directional arc stream for a
long period of time, without requiring any adjustment of the
electric voltage applied thereto.
When one device of this invention is operated by utilizing a
single-phase power source, the electrode members of even number are
used to form a concaved discharge space and said members are
grouped into two groups each having the electrode members of half
number, said groups being connected in parallel, one of said groups
containing a capacitor or reactor therein, and a single-phase
voltage being applied across said two groups.
According to the device illustrated in FIGS. 7, 8 and 9, since it
is not necessary to adjust electrodes in accordance with
consumption thereof, it is possible to obtain a very convenient
portable arc-generating device having a handle, which can carry out
point heating by ejecting an arc stream onto a member to be heated
or carry out a linear continuous heating by transferring the device
along surface of a member to be heated while ejecting arc stream
along said surface. Furthermore, according to the device of this
invention, heating degree can be easily adjusted by adjusting the
distance between the member to be heated and the arc stream.
In practice, the device according to the invention is provided with
means for feeding an arc voltage to the electrode members. These
means may be realized according to any conventional system
applicable for conventional arc welding devices and the like. For
example, a metal wire conductor is embeded in each of the electrode
members along the axis of the electrode assembly.
The following table relates to the results of an actual experiment
carried out in connection with the case in which a device as
illustrated in FIG. 9 was adopted and an arc discharge was
continued without electrode adjustment. The ejection distance l of
the ejected arc stream was about 60--70 mm., and each of the
electrode members made of a graphite material was coated with a
heat-resisting material. ##SPC1##
* * * * *