U.S. patent number 3,617,666 [Application Number 05/033,367] was granted by the patent office on 1971-11-02 for pressure-operated layered electrical switch and switch array.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Data Appliance Corporation. Invention is credited to Charles E. Braue.
United States Patent |
3,617,666 |
Braue |
November 2, 1971 |
**Please see images for:
( Certificate of Correction ) ** |
PRESSURE-OPERATED LAYERED ELECTRICAL SWITCH AND SWITCH ARRAY
Abstract
A pressure-operated electrical switch unit having a layered
construction including a substantially planar surface to which
pressure is applied to close the switch. The removal of the
pressure opens the switch. The switch includes a layer having at
least one elongated opening in it which permits portions of the
layer to be deflected into an opening in an adjacent layer to move
one electrically conductive layer to complete the electrical
circuit. An array of the switches may be used for supplying signals
created by the pressure of a writing instrument.
Inventors: |
Braue; Charles E. (Crestwood,
NY) |
Assignee: |
Data Appliance Corporation
(N/A)
|
Family
ID: |
26709614 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/033,367 |
Filed: |
April 30, 1970 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
200/86R; 200/46;
341/34; 434/339 |
Current CPC
Class: |
H01H
13/702 (20130101); H01H 13/807 (20130101); H01H
2209/016 (20130101); H01H 2219/002 (20130101); H01H
2215/03 (20130101); H01H 2229/028 (20130101); H01H
2239/03 (20130101); H01H 2203/032 (20130101); H01H
2209/002 (20130101); H01H 2209/028 (20130101); H01H
2221/064 (20130101); H01H 2217/026 (20130101); H01H
2231/034 (20130101); H01H 2225/002 (20130101); H01H
2203/01 (20130101); H01H 2231/038 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
H01H
13/70 (20060101); H01H 13/702 (20060101); H01h
043/08 () |
Field of
Search: |
;200/46,159,86
;340/272 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Other References
Brook et al., "Programming Elastic Diaphragm Switching Matrix by
Small Balls," IBM Tech. Disclosure Bull., Vol. 10, No. 11, April,
1968, (copy 200-246)..
|
Primary Examiner: Smith, Jr.; David
Claims
I claim:
1. An electrical switch which is closed by the application of
pressure against an area of the switch and is opened when the
pressure is removed comprising
a. an electrically nonconductive base;
b. a first electrically conductive layer positioned against such
base;
c. a nonconductive separator means placed against the side of the
conductive layer opposite the base, said separator means having an
opening therein;
d. a second electrically conductive layer placed against the side
of the separator means opposite the first conductive layer;
e. a layer of nonconductive noncompressible material placed against
the side of the second electrically conductive layer opposite the
nonconductive layer means, said noncompressible layer having an
elongated opening positioned adjacent the opening in the separator
means; and
f. a pressure-responsive deflectable portion of the noncompressible
layer positioned adjacent the opening capable of being deflected
down into said opening
whereby the application of pressure transmitted to and against the
pressure-responsive deflectable portion causes said portion to move
a portion of the second conductive layer against the first
conductive layer to close the switch.
2. The switch of claim 1 in which the conductive layers are fabrics
having electrically conductive material coated thereon.
3. The switch of claim 1 in which the pressure-responsive
deflectable portion of the noncompressible layer includes a
plurality of lip means adjacent an elongated opening in said
noncompressible layer which lip means are capable of being
deflected down into said opening in the separator means.
4. The switch of claim 1 having a sheet positioned in engagement
with the noncompressible layers for receiving applied pressure
which is in turn transmitted to said noncompressible layer.
5. An array of pressure-operated electrical switches arranged in a
unit comprising
a. an electrically nonconductive baseplate forming the base of the
switches,
b. a fabric layer positioned on the baseplate and having
electrically conductive portions,
c. a nonconductive separator layer placed against the side of the
fabric opposite the plate, said separator having a plurality of
openings therein,
d. a second fabric layer having electrically conductive portions
and electrically nonconductive portions positioned on the separator
layer, and
e. a nonconductive noncompressible deflection sheet placed on the
second layer, said sheet having deflectable portions in alignment
with said openings in the separator layer to permit the deflectable
portions to be deflected against the second layer of fabric, said
layer having slits therein.
6. The array of claim 5 in having in addition a protective sheet
positioned on the noncompressible deflection sheet on which
pressure is directly applied.
7. The array of claim 5 in which layers having conductive and
nonconductive portions are nylon fabric in which the conductive
portions includes woven fibers coated with silver metal.
8. The switch of claim 1 in which the base and the first
electrically conductive layer comprise a nonconductive sheet
material having selected areas of conductive material adhered to
the sheet material.
9. The array of claim 5 in which the base and the first
electrically conductive layer comprise a nonconductive sheet
material having selected areas of conductive material adhered to
the sheet material.
10. The array of claim 5 having positioned thereon a sheet of
material having delineated areas which indicate where pressure may
be effectively applied.
11. An array of claim 5 capable of responding to the application of
pressure of a writing instrument and having positioned thereon a
sheet of material having delineated areas indicating where pressure
may be effectively applied by such instrument.
12. The array of claim 11 in which the sheet is capable of
recording marks made by such instrument.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Electrical switches which are actuated by exerting pressure against
their surfaces to complete a circuit and which open the circuit
when pressure is removed have been used for various applications
including mat switches to operate door-opening devices. Other prior
disclosures include pressure-sensitive switches arranged in grids
and intended to be used with embossed card readers and
handwriting-recording devices; for example, the device shown in
U.S. Pat. No. 3,308,253 issued to International Business Machines
Corporation on Mar. 7, 1967. The switch disclosed in this patent
functions through a elastomer diaphragm which is deformed by the
application of a force to thereby move a conductive material which
is secured to the underside of the diaphragm into contact with a
second conductive material. Upon removing the force, the elastomer
diaphragm restores itself to its original position.
Switches of this design have the disadvantage of being over
sensitive to a force applied over a larger area since elastomer
materials are readily deformed. When a plurality of these switches
are used in a multiple switch unit for recording handwriting or
other marks made using a writing instrument, such as a pen, pencil
or stylus, the varying degrees of pressure applied by portions of
the hand including, in particular, the knuckle of the little
finger, as it rests on and moves over the switches will cause
certain of switches to be unintentionally closed. The problem of
inadvertent closing of switches has not heretofore been solved. On
the other hand, the closing of each switch must easily be done so
as not to tire an operator who may be called on to close many
switches at one sitting.
A pressure-sensitive switch which will operate reliably for
extended periods of time to close upon the application of a
selected pressure which is within the range of normal writing
instrument pressures and which will not respond to forces below
that minimum is not disclosed in the published literature nor
available to industry.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
Broadly, the present invention is a switch device operable by the
selective application of pressure to an area of the device which
causes a sheet having deflectable portions created by an elongated
opening in the sheet. The deflection of these portions against a
first conductive layer moves that layer against a second layer
which is normally spaced from the first layer thus completing an
electrical circuit. When the pressure is released, the deflected
portions move back to their inactive position allowing the normally
spaced-apart layers to move apart and open the circuit.
It is a feature of the device that it is capable of providing
signals for recording through the normal use of a pencil or stylus
as the pressure-applying means. Preferably a checkoff form or other
piece of paper is placed over the switch which paper delineates the
areas to which pressure may be applied through use of a writing
instrument. When an intentional and sufficient pressure has been
applied to an area, the closing of the switch may cause an audible
sound to be heard to notify the operator that the switch
closed.
It is also a feature that the deflective action of the
nonconductive layer cooperates advantageously with conductive
layers made of flexible fabric having a conductive oxide
coating.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
In the drawings, FIG. 1 is a plan view, partially broken away,
showing a plurality of switches in a grid arrangement; FIG. 2 is a
sectional view taken along line 2--2 of FIG. 1 with a pencil point
touching but not applying pressure to the surface; and FIG. 3 is a
sectional view, similar to FIG. 2, showing the switch having
pressure applied to it.
FIG. 3a is an enlarged partial view of FIG. 2 showing conductive
fabric layers moved into engagement; FIG. 4 is an enlarged plan
view of the switch and FIG. 5 is a further embodiment showing a
three-element switch using three layers of conductive fabric; FIG.
6 is an enlarged partial view of FIG. 5 showing conductive fabric
layers moved into engagement.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
Referring to FIGS. 1, 2 and 3, switch unit 1 is constructed of a
plurality of layers including a baseplate 2 made of electrically
nonconductive material, such as plastic or paper board, a lower
layer of fabric 3, a separator sheet 4, a second layer of fabric 5,
an electrically nonconductive substantially noncompressible
deflector layer 6 and finally a pressure-transmitting protective
sheet 7. These layers may be held together by adhering, clamping or
otherwise securing their edges together to provide a seal
preventing the water, dirt or bacteria from entering between the
layers. The interior surfaces of the layers are not attached to
allow the relative movement necessary to the proper functioning of
each switch. A sheet of paper 8 including portions indicating where
marks should be made is placed on top of the unit and is marked
with a pencil point 9 or other writing instrument.
Individual switches 11 are formed by the portions of the layers in
and around circular opening 12 of separator sheet 4. Each switch
11, is similarly constructed, with fabric layers 3 and 5 each
having, alternatively, an electrically conductive row 13 and a
nonconductive row 14. The conductive rows 13 of layer 3 run
perpendicular to rows 13 of layer 5. The fabric may be made in any
conventional manner, such as be weaving, natting or knitting. It is
required that at least the nonconductive rows of the fabric be
manufactured from nonconductive fibers which may be made of any
fiber, natural or synthetic, such as nylon, polyesters or silk. The
conductive rows are made by coating those portions with a thin
coating of an electrically conductive metal, such as silver or
chromium. Alloys of the metals may also be used. A coating which is
effectively continuous over the fabric portion having a thickness
of about 1.times.10.sup..sup.-6 to 40.times.10.sup..sup.-6 inches
is operable with the thickness of 2.times.10.sup..sup.-6 to
6.times.10.sup..sup.-6 inches being preferred. The coating is thin
enough and adhered to, or absorbed in the fibers to prevent the
fibers or significant groups of fibers from becoming attached one
to another to reduce the flexibility of the fabric. The coating
must also extend over portions of contiguous fibers, including
those at the surfaces and in the interior, to assure a complete
electrical engagement of fibers throughout the fabric portions.
Fibers having denier in the range of 0.5 to 10 are preferred.
The coatings may be applied using the method disclosed in the U.S.
Pats. Nos. 2,511,472, 2,867,552, 2,896,570, 2,897,091, 3,014,818,
3,043,796 and 3,862,783. These patents include methods for coating
the fibers before the fabric is made and provide a coating that
will not wear, crack or flake during use in the switch arrangement
herein disclosed.
The entire section of fabric to be used in a switch arrangement may
be coated and thereafter the coating in the row areas desired to be
nonconductive removed by using a suitable solvent. Alternatively,
the strips of fabric may be manufactured having conductive
properties and having nonconductive properties and the rows
thereafter attached together by sewing, adhesives or other suitable
means. Preferable the metal coatings used will be resistant to
corrosion in the environment herein disclosed.
Fabric layers 3 and 5 have the properties of flexibility and
corrosion resistance and, in particular, layer 5 has the ability to
repeatedly respond to movement of the deflector layer 6 and to
thereafter restore itself to a position in which the layer is in a
plane. Layers 3 and 5 may also be made of other materials, such as
flexible plastic sheets with portions of conductive material
adhered to areas of the sheet to provide rows 13 and 14; however,
the material should be able to be repeatedly deflected into
openings 12 and thereafter be able to restore itself as the
pressure is released.
Row 13 is positioned to pass over or under an openings 12 so that
as pressure is applied to deflection layer 6 portions of the layer
6 deflect into openings 12, as generally shown in FIG. 4, to urge a
portion of an upper row 13 against a portion of lower row 13.
Referring in particular to FIGS. 3 and 4, it is seen that the
application of pressure by pencil point 9 causes lip portions 19
and 19a located adjacent each opening 12 of layer 6 to be deflected
downward in a cantilever action. As portions 19 and 19a move
downward edges 17 and 17a of the lips move further apart. The
action of the slit adjacent lip portions 19 and 19a create a
contact area 18 of fabric-to-fabric engagement when the pencil
point 9 is urged downward. Each lip 19 and 19a assumes a generally
semicircular shape as it bends downward. When the pressure is
removed the lips move back into the plane of the remainder of layer
6. Where the application of pressure by the pencil point is not in
the central area of opening 12 the configurations of movement of
the lips and size and shape of area 18 will both vary; however,
application of sufficient pressure applied anywhere within the
circumference of circular opening 12 will cause two areas of rows
13 to engage to close the switch. Even when pressure is not equally
applied to each lip, the ability of each lip to move independently
permits a fabric-to-fabric engagement.
The cantilever action of lip portions 19 and 19a also assists in
preventing a permanent set or dimple being placed in protective
sheet 7. The force of the pencil point deflects sheet 7 into an
arcuate shape (FIG. 3) as lips 19 and 19a move in the manner herein
described thus reducing the pressure on sheet 7 and preventing
dimpling of the sheet.
Protective sheet 7 is preferably made of Mylar brand polyester
film, sold by E. I. duPont de Nemours Company. Other types of
material may be used if they are sufficiently resilient to resist
the formation of dimples in the surface. Separator layer 4 and
nonconductive deflection layer 6 may also be made of Mylar or other
material. With respect to separator layer 4 it is necessary that
the material be sufficiently incompressible to prevent lips 19 and
19a from compressing the portion of layer 4 near opening 12 and
interferring with the bending action of deflection lips 19 and 19a.
Deflection in the manner shown in FIGS. 2 and 3 without substantial
deformation layer 4 is required so that normal pencil point
pressure will close the switch while a lesser pressure will not
activate the switch. Rows 13 are connected through terminals 21 of
leads 22 to connect the electrical circuits with switches 11. Any
suitable arrangement of switches can be used.
Turning to FIG. 3a, the engagement of two portions of row 13
conductive fabric is shown in which the interwoven sets of fibers
24 and 25 are shown in engagement at a plurality of points. The
conductive fabric provides a plurality of electrical contacts to
assure the completion of the electrical circuit when the deflection
layer 6 is operated to move the upper fabric 5 down into engagement
with layer fabric 3.
An alternative embodiment of the invention is shown in FIGS. 5 and
6 having three layers of conductive fabric including the additional
intermediate layer 26 and additional separator layer 4a. As shown
in FIG. 6, deflection lips 19 and 19a operate in the same manner as
the switch described above except that after initial engagement of
the upper fabric and intermediate fabric they continue their
movement downward into engagement with the lower fabric layer to
complete a three-element switch.
The switch of this invention is also useful in responding to
pressure applied by liquid pressure, for example, the depth of a
liquid could be sensed by the pressure required to close the
switch.
An array of switches may be used to record the information on a
checkoff sheet where a audible signal tells the operator that each
check mark has been effective to close a switch and in which
scanning of all switch points to register the closed switches can
be accomplished by using the electronic keyboard art
techniques.
* * * * *