U.S. patent number 3,617,299 [Application Number 04/859,243] was granted by the patent office on 1971-11-02 for animal feed premix resistant to static charge and method of making same.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Abbott Laboratories. Invention is credited to Lowell R. Macy, Richard W. Mattoon.
United States Patent |
3,617,299 |
Mattoon , et al. |
November 2, 1971 |
**Please see images for:
( Certificate of Correction ) ** |
ANIMAL FEED PREMIX RESISTANT TO STATIC CHARGE AND METHOD OF MAKING
SAME
Abstract
A nonagglomerating, nonsegregating premix for animal feeds
comprising an intimate mixture of an active ingredient and a
carrier. The active ingredient has dispersed upon the particles
thereof a quantity of a first emulsifier equivalent to 0.1 to 1.0
percent by weight of the active ingredient, the emulsifier having
an HLB value of at least 12. The carrier has dispersed upon the
particles thereof a quantity of a second emulsifier equivalent to
0.1 to 1.0 percent by weight of the carrier and having an HLB value
of 8 or less. The ratio of active ingredient to carrier in the
premix can vary from 1 to 9 parts by weight to 4 to 1 parts by
weight. Such premixes when blended with feed produce little if any
electrostatic charge.
Inventors: |
Mattoon; Richard W. (Lake
Forest, IL), Macy; Lowell R. (Lake Bluff, IL) |
Assignee: |
Abbott Laboratories (North
Chicago, IL)
|
Family
ID: |
25330419 |
Appl.
No.: |
04/859,243 |
Filed: |
September 15, 1969 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
426/72; 424/442;
426/74; 426/99; 426/630; 426/635; 426/648; 426/623 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A23K
20/111 (20160501); A23K 20/121 (20160501); A23K
20/132 (20160501); A23K 20/174 (20160501); A23K
20/116 (20160501); A23K 20/10 (20160501); A23K
20/137 (20160501); A23K 40/30 (20160501) |
Current International
Class: |
A23K
1/16 (20060101); A23K 1/00 (20060101); A23k
001/17 () |
Field of
Search: |
;99/83,80,11,166,2
;260/442 ;424/31,227,271,80,297 ;117/139.5CQ |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Foreign Patent Documents
Other References
Chemical Abstracts, Vol. 64-11606(f), 1966 B. L. Damron et
al..
|
Primary Examiner: Yudkoff; Norman
Assistant Examiner: Wyck; Kenneth Van
Claims
We claim
1. A premix for animal feeds comprising an additive selected from
the group consisting of arsanilic acid,
3-nitro-4-hydroxyphenylarsonic acid, menadione, nicotinic acid,
sulfaquinoxaline and the nitrofurazones and a carrier selected from
the group consisting of ground oats, rye, wheat, and barley; soy
flour; corn germ cake; corn germ meal; soybean oil meal; corn
gluten feed; corn meal; corn cob fractions; dolomite; calcite; and
limestone combined in ratios of from 1 part additive to 9 parts
carrier to 4 parts additive to 1 part carrier, the particles of the
additive having a size in the range of from 60 to 325 mesh and
having dispersed thereon a coating consisting essentially of high
HLB emulsifier equal in weight to 0.1 to 1.0 percent of the weight
of the additive and having an HLB value 12; the particles of the
carrier having a size in the range of from 20 to 325 mesh and
having dispersed thereon a coating consisting essentially of low
HLB emulsifier equal in weight from 0.1 to 1.0 percent of the
weight of the carrier, and having an HLB value 8.
2. A premix according to claim 1 wherein the sum of the values for
said high HLB emulsifier and said low HLB emulsifier is the in the
range of from 16 to 24.
3. A premix according to claim 1 wherein the particle size of the
additive is in the range of from 100- 300 mesh and has an average
particle size of approximately 200 mesh.
4. A premix according to claim 1 wherein the particle size of said
carrier is in the range of from 20 to 60 mesh.
5. A premix according to claim 1 wherein said additive is
3-nitro-4-hydroxyphenylarsonic acid.
6. A premix according to claim 1 wherein said additive is arsanilic
acid.
7. A premix according to claim 1 wherein said carrier is combined
with distiller' s dried grains and solubles.
8. A premix according to claim 1 wherein said high HLB emulsifiers
are selected from the group consisting of polyoxyethelene sorbitan
fatty acid esters, polyoxyethylene sorbital esters, polyoxyethylene
acids and polyoxyethylene alcohols.
9. A premix according to claim 1 wherein said low HLB emulsifier is
selected from the group consisting of mono- and di-glycerides of
edible fats and fatty acids, sorbitan fatty acid esters and
polyoxyethylene alcohols.
10. A premix according to claim 1 wherein said high HLB emulsifier
has an HLB value greater than 15.
11. A premix according to claim 1 wherein said low HLB emulsifier
has an HLB value of less than 4.
12. A method for preparing an animal feed premix comprising the
steps of admixing an additive selected from the group consisting of
arsanilic acid, 3-nitro-4-hydroxyphenylarsonic acid, menadione,
nicotinic acid, sulfaquinoxaline and the nitrofurazones having a
particle size in the range of 60- 325 mesh and having a coating
thereon of a high HLB emulsifier equal in weight to 0.1 to 1.0
percent of the weight of the additive and having an HLB value
greater than or equal to 12; admixing a carrier selected from the
group consisting of ground oats, rye, wheat, and barley; soy flour;
corn germ cake; corn germ meal; soybean oil meal; corn gluten feed;
corn meal; corn cob fractions; dolomite, calcite; and limestone
having a particle size in the range of 20- 325 mesh and having a
coating thereon of mesh a quantity of a low HLB emulsifier equal in
weight from 0.1 to 1.0 percent of the weight of the carrier and
having an HLB value equal to or less than 8; combining said carrier
and said additive in ratios of from 1 part additive to 9 parts
carrier to 4 parts additive to 1 part carrier.
13. A method according to claim 12 wherein said high HLB emulsifier
is first dissolved in sufficient water or water combined with water
miscible solvent to form a slurry; said slurry being subsequently
dried prior to combining the treated additive with the carrier.
Description
DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Our invention relates to new and improved premixes for use in
preparing animal feedstuffs, especially those intended for poultry
and livestock. More particularly our invention relates to premixes
that are remarkably free from static electrical charge.
In its most salient aspects, our invention pertains to a process
for preparing novel premix compositions that comprise an active
ingredient such as a growth promotant, a supplementary or trace
nutrient, such as a vitamin or a mineral, and both therapeutic and
prophylactic drugs, admixed with a diluent referred to herein as a
carrier.
The use of premixes for introducing small but vitally significant
active ingredients as additives into animal feed has become a
standard practice. These additives not only increase yield, but
also sometimes present the only practical way of obtaining
long-term medication. Preparation of an animal feed containing such
additives is usually accomplished in multiton quantities, where the
usual cereal grain feeds are blended with one or more feed
additives. The blending can be done either by a supplier of bagged
or bulk feeds usually sold under a trademark, locally by a feed and
grain dealer compounding feed for specific orders, or directly by
the large-scale consumer whose scale of operation justifies having
his own blending equipment.
Unfortunately in all these operations the feed additive in the
premix, necessarily being finely powdered, is subject to dusting
and the concomitant generation of static electricity during
blending operations. Often when the premix is blended with the
feed, the feed additive would heretofore become so highly charged
(> 0.0 .times. 10.sup. .sup.-9 coulombs 1 gram) that some would
remain adhered to the walls of the blending chamber following
blending thereby resulting in a deficiency of additive in the feed,
and defeating any attempt to obtain a guaranteed analysis. Also
such adhered additive tends to build up on the walls of the
blender, later sluffing off into subsequent blends as the charge
dissipates. Thus shortages can be obtained in some batches and
overages or contamination in others.
To heretofore obtain the proper amount of additive in the finished
feed required an accurate estimate of holdout on the blender walls.
Yet even if estimated properly, the existence of static charge
within a given batch leads to both agglomeration or layering of the
additive within the feed, although the correct gross content of
additive might be contained within the individual lot. The
nonuniform distribution within a lot can result in increments
having highly variable quantities of additive. This can lead to
serious variations of administration throughout the herd or flock.
Ideally, a feed additive prescribed at a level of 10 grams/ton of
feed should also be present at a level of 5 mg./lb. of feed.
Clearly, to even approach such uniformity requires careful and
complete blending of premix and feed.
Therefore it is the general object of our invention to provide a
premix that when blended with feed will result in a uniform blend
that can successfully meet the tests for guaranteed analysis.
Another object of our invention is to provide a premix that has a
low level of coulombic charge e.g., < 2.0 .times. 10.sup.
.sup.-9 coulombs often approaching zero charge.
A still further object is to provide a process for preparing
premixes for poultry and livestock feed that results in a product
that can be uniformly blended with feed without the feed additive
being subject to "fly away" or "static cling."
Other objects and advantages will be apparent from the following
description of our invention.
Briefly stated, the objects of our invention are accomplished by
the treatment of the additive component with a quantity of a high
HLB emulsifier having a weight equivalent to 0.1 to 1.0 percent of
the weight of the additive. The term HLB refers to the hydrophilic
lipophilic balance of an emulsifier and is fully described and
defined by W. C. Griffen in the Encyclopedia of Chemical
Technology, 8 : 117- 154, 2 d Edition (1965 ). The emulsifier used
to treat the feed additive component of the premix must have an HLB
value of at least 12 and preferably in excess of 15 .
Separately, the carrier component of the premix is treated with a
quantity of a low HLB emulsifier having a weight equivalent to 0.1
to 1.0 percent of the weight of the carrier and having an HLB value
less than 8 and preferably less than 4 . HLB values are accurate
within a single unit as stated in the Griffen paper, so these
values should be read as .+-. 1 . After the carrier and feed
additive have each been separately treated, they are intimately
blended together. Examples of suitable emulsifiers are set forth in
the Griffen article, provided however the emulsifier selected is
also acceptable to the Food and Drug Administration for use in
agriculture. Acceptable emulsifiers are announced in the Federal
Register e.g., 120.1001, Paragraph C and D, published Apr. 3, 1969.
Examples of particularly well suited high HLB emulsifiers include
the polyoxyethylene fatty acid and sorbitol esters such as
polyoxyethylene sorbitan monostearate (Tween 60 ). Similarly,
examples of a low HLB emulsifiers include the mono and di
glycerides of fatty acids and sorbitan fatty acid esters e.g.,
Atmos 300 . Application of the high HLB emulsifier can be by means
of spraying it undiluted into an agitated mass of the additive
having a particle size in the range 60- 325 mesh (U.S. Standard
Screen Series). Although this range is suitable, the more desirable
range is 100- 300 mesh and an average particle size of 200 mesh
within this latter range being preferred. Although undiluted
emulsifier is suitable, it is preferred, however, that the
emulsifier be diluted with sufficient water so that when the
mixture of aqueous emulsifier is added to the feed additive, a
slurry forms. This results in more uniform coating of the particles
of feed additive with emulsifier. The slurry is then dried, for
example in a drum or cyclone dryer although spray drying is
desirable. The treated feed additive is then milled and rescreened
if necessary to the desired particle size.
If more rapid drying is desired, the water can be partially
replaced with a water-miscible solvent such as ethanol or
acetone.
The low HLB emulsifier can be sprayed directly onto the carrier,
although dilution with an edible oil so as to obtain more even
coverage is advisable.
The particle size of the carrier is advisedly within the range of
20- 325 mesh, with a particle size in the range of 20 to 60 being
preferred. Generally, the average particle size of the carrier
should be larger than the additive. For example if the average size
of the additive particles is 200 mesh, then the average size of the
carrier particles should be 40 mesh. The now treated carrier is
then remilled to a preferred screen size of mesh, the range 325- 60
being acceptable, but not desirable.
When selecting emulsifiers it is desirable that the sum of the high
and low HLB values be between 16 and 24 . Exceptionally good
results are achieved when the sum is between 19 and 21 . In
addition, best results are obtained when the sum of the quantities
of high and low HLB emulsifiers in the finished premix is about 1
percent by weight of the premix.
After the carrier and additive or additives if two are to be
included in a single premix have been treated with emulsifier, they
are intimately admixed to form the finished premix. Blending in a
drum mixed until uniform assays are obtained is suggested.
Among those additives particularly suitable for use with our
invention are arsanilic acid, 3 -nitro-4 -hydroxyphenylarsonic
acid, menadione, nicotinic acid, riboflavin, and the like, and in
addition therapeutic and prophylactic doses of 2:1 such for example
as sulfaquinoxaline and the nitrofurazones such as NF-180.
Among the carriers that are suitable are cereal grain carriers such
as ground oats, rye, wheat or barley together with corn germ cake,
corn germ meal, soybean oil meal, corn gluten feed, corn meal and
corn cob fractions. The mineral carriers such as for example:
dolomite, calcite or limestone are also suitable, a CaCO.sub.3
carrier being especially recommended for menadione. In general
byproducts of fermentation such as distiller' s dried grains and
solubles are not suitable if used alone, because of their high oil
content, but use in conjunction with the previously mentioned
carriers is acceptable.
The ratio of additive to carrier in the finished invention ranges
from 1 part additive to 9 parts carrier to 8 parts additive to 2
parts carrier. (Iween
The following examples in which all parts are by weight are given
for the purpose of further illustrating this invention.
EXAMPLE 1
A drum mixer is charged with 800 lbs. of arsanilic acid having a
particle size in the range of 100 to 300 mesh. With the mixer in
operation, 4 lbs. of polyoxyethylene sorbitan monolaurate (Tween 21
) having an HLB value of 13.3 dissolved in 30 gals. of water is
sprayed into the mixer. The resulting slurry is thoroughly blended
and then transferred to a cyclone dryer and the dried arsanilic
acid, now treated with high HLB emulsifier, is stored for later
use. The mixer is then charged with 3200 lbs. of corn germ cake
having a particle size in the range of 20 to 60 mesh. With the
mixer in operation 16 lbs. of sorbitan monopalmitate (Span 40 )
having an HLB value of 6.7, that previously has been liquified by
heating and admixed with 2 gals. of coconut oil is sprayed into the
mixer so as to obtain a uniform dispersion of the emulsifier over
the corn germ cake particles. After thorough blending, the treated
arsanilic acid is added to the mixer and blending continued until
blending is complete and an intimate mixture obtained. The premix
is then packaged.
EXAMPLE 2
A drum mixer is charged with 2000 lbs. of arsanilic acid having a
particle size between 100 and 300 mesh, and an average particle
size of 200 mesh. With the mixer in operation, 15 lbs. of
polyoxyethylene sorbiton monostearate (Tween 60 ) is dissolved in
75 gals. of warm (30.degree. C.) water and sprayed into the mixer.
The resulting slurry is thoroughly blended and transferred to a
cyclone dryer. The mixer is then charged with 2000 lbs. of corn
germ meal having a particle size of from 20 to 60 mesh. With the
mixer in operation, 5 lbs. of sorbitan monostearate (Arlacel 80 )
admixed with 1 gal. peanut oil is sprayed into the mixer to obtain
a uniform dispersion over the corn meal particles. After thorough
blending the treated dried arsanilic acid is added to the mixer and
blending continued until a uniform mixture of additive and carrier
is obtained.
EXAMPLE 3
A mixer is charged with 16 kg. of menadione having a particle size
in the preferred range. To the operating mixer, 80 g. of
polyoxyethylene sorbitan monopalmitate (Tween 40 ) is added by
spraying so as to obtain uniform dispersal. A separate mixer
charged with 1000 lbs. of NaHSO.sub.4 stabilized calcite having a
particle size in the range 20- 60 mesh is agitated. To this mixer
is added 5 lbs. of sorbitan trioleate (Span 85 ) so as to obtain
uniform dispersal.
EXAMPLE 4
A drum mixer is charged with 200 lbs. of 3 -nitro-4
-hydroxyphenylarsonic acid having a particle size in the range of
100 to 300 mesh. With the mixer in operation, 1.5 lbs. of
polyoxyethylene tridecyl ether (Renex 31 ) dissolved in 7 gals. of
water is sprayed into the mixer. The resulting slurry is thoroughly
blended and then transferred to a cyclone dryer and the dried acid,
now treated with high HLB emulsifier, is stored for later use. The
mixer is then charged with 2000 lbs. of soybean oil meal having a
particle size in the range of 20 to 60 mesh. With the mixer in
operation, 5 lbs. of sorbitan monooleate (Span 80 ) that previously
has been liquified and admixed with three-quarter gal. of coconut
oil is sprayed into the mixer so as to obtain a uniform dispersion
of the emulsifier over the soy meal particles. After thorough
blending, the treated acid is added to the mixer and blending
continued until blending is complete and an intimate mixture
obtained. The premix is then packaged.
EXAMPLE 5
A drum mixer is charged with 100 lbs. of nicotinic acid having a
particle size in the range of 100 to 300 mesh. With the mixer in
operation, 0.5 lb. of polyoxyethylene sorbitan monolaurate (Tween
21 ) dissolved in 4 gals. of water is sprayed into the mixer. The
resulting slurry is thoroughly blended and then transferred to a
cyclone dryer and the dried nicotinic acid, now treated with high
HLB emulsifier, is stored for later use. The mixer is then charged
with 900 lbs. of soy flour having a particle size in the range of
20 to 60 mesh. With the mixer in operation, 4.5 lbs. of sorbitan
tristearate (Span 65 ) that previously has been liquified and
admixed with 1 gal. of coconut oil is sprayed into the mixer so as
to obtain a uniform dispersion of the emulsifier over the soy flour
particles. After through blending, the treated nicotinic acid is
added to the mixer and blending continued until blending is
complete and an intimate mixture obtained. The premix is then
packaged.
* * * * *