U.S. patent number 3,616,030 [Application Number 04/726,706] was granted by the patent office on 1971-10-26 for manufacture of plates or shaped sheets having a base of mineral fibers, particularly glass fibers.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Compagnie de Saint-Gobain. Invention is credited to Alain Bonnet, Claude Jumentier.
United States Patent |
3,616,030 |
Jumentier , et al. |
October 26, 1971 |
**Please see images for:
( Certificate of Correction ) ** |
MANUFACTURE OF PLATES OR SHAPED SHEETS HAVING A BASE OF MINERAL
FIBERS, PARTICULARLY GLASS FIBERS
Abstract
The invention contemplates the homogeneous distribution of hard
granules or particles throughout a mass of resin-coated mineral
fibers to produce structural units in the form of sheets or slabs
composed of the mass of mineral fibers in lattice-work form,
particularly glass fibers, agglomerated with the dried and cured
resin binder and having interspersed in the meshes of the mass, the
separate hard and indeformable particles, either in solid form,
such as sand, or in porous form, such as perlite or vermiculite,
which render the structural units strongly resistant to physical
deformation while enhancing the heat-insulating characteristics
thereof.
Inventors: |
Jumentier; Claude (La Celle
Saint Cloud, (Yvelines), FR), Bonnet; Alain (Clermont
(Oise), FR) |
Assignee: |
Compagnie de Saint-Gobain
(Neuilly-Sur-Seine (Seine), FR)
|
Family
ID: |
26176367 |
Appl.
No.: |
04/726,706 |
Filed: |
May 6, 1968 |
Foreign Application Priority Data
Current U.S.
Class: |
156/285; 156/276;
156/62.2; 65/447 |
Current CPC
Class: |
C04B
26/122 (20130101); B29C 70/025 (20130101); B01F
5/205 (20130101); C04B 26/122 (20130101); B01F
5/0262 (20130101); C04B 26/122 (20130101); C04B
26/122 (20130101); B01F 5/0256 (20130101); B29C
67/249 (20130101); C04B 14/02 (20130101); C04B
14/42 (20130101); C04B 14/42 (20130101); C04B
14/42 (20130101); C04B 40/00 (20130101); C04B
14/18 (20130101); C04B 14/202 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
C04B
26/12 (20060101); C04B 26/00 (20060101); B29C
67/24 (20060101); B29C 70/02 (20060101); B29C
70/00 (20060101); B01F 5/20 (20060101); B01F
5/00 (20060101); B01F 5/02 (20060101); B32b
031/06 () |
Field of
Search: |
;156/276,278,285,280,284,62.2 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Quarforth; Carl D.
Assistant Examiner: Hellman; S. R.
Claims
We claim:
1. The method of producing bodies of insulating material of
interlaced mineral fibers agglomerated with a hardened resin binder
and through which are homogeneously interspersed separate hard and
indeformable particles, which comprises,
a. forming a curtain of freshly formed mineral fibers and
gravitationally depositing them onto a travelling support,
b. dropping a stream of hard and indeformable particles adjacent to
said falling curtain of fibers and blowing said particles into said
fibers to homogeneously distribute said particles within the body
of fibers before the combined fibers and particles are deposited on
the travelling support,
c. projecting a hardenable binder onto the curtain of fibers and
particles prior to their deposition on the travelling support,
and
d. reducing the volume of the combined mass of fibers with the
binder and hard particles interspersed therethrough preparatory to
the hardening of said combined mass.
2. The method set forth in claim 1 wherein the depositing of the
mineral fibers is executed on an air-permeable travelling support
and the concluding step of reducing the volume of the combined mass
is executed by suction effects exercised on said mass through said
support.
3. The method set forth in claim 2 wherein a mass of freshly formed
mineral fibers drops from a fiberizing apparatus, and the
projection of the hardenable binder is executed by spraying a
polymerizable organic resin into the falling mass of fibers in the
course of travel of the mass to the support
4. The method set forth in claim 3 wherein the spraying of the
resin into the mass of fibers is executed following the
incorporation of the hard particles therein by blowing said
particles into said mass.
5. The method set forth in claim 3 wherein the projection of the
hardenable resin binder is executed by spraying said binder onto
said hard and indeformable particles prior to the introduction of
the latter into the mass of fibers.
6. The method set forth in claim 5 including the spraying of a
polymerizable organic resin into the mass of fibers prior to the
introduction thereinto of the coated hard particles.
7. The method set forth in claim 2 wherein the mass of freshly
formed mineral fibers drops from a fiberizing apparatus and the
introduction of the hardenable binder and the hard and indeformable
particles into the mass of fibers is executed at different points
of travel of the falling mass of fibers.
8. The method set forth in claim 7 wherein the mass of fibers drops
in the form of a rotating annular curtain from a centrifuging
apparatus and the hard and indeformable particles are blown into
the falling curtain in the form of an annular sheet surrounding
said curtain.
9. The method set forth in claim 18 wherein the falling annular
curtain of fibers with the hard indeformable particles therein is
oscillated to and for to effect a smooth deposition of the mass of
fibers onto the travelling support.
10. The method set forth in claim 9 wherein the hardenable binder
is sprayed onto the oscillating curtain of fibers immediately
before the deposition thereof onto the travelling support.
11. The method set forth in claim 7 wherein the mass of fibers
drops in the form of a rotating annular curtain from a centrifuging
apparatus rotating in one direction, and the hard and indeformable
particles are blown into the falling curtain in the form of an
annular sheet having a component of rotary motion in the opposite
direction.
12. The method set forth in claim 11 wherein the falling annular
curtain of fibers with the hard indeformable particles therein is
oscillated to and Fro to effect a smooth deposition of the mass of
fibers onto the travelling support.
13. The method set forth in claim 12 wherein the hardenable binder
is sprayed onto the oscillating curtain of fibers immediately
before the deposition thereof onto the traveling support.
14. The method set forth in claim 1 wherein the hard and
indeformable particles are selected from a group of materials
consisting of sand, crushed glass, crushed rock, perlite, and
vermiculite.
15. The method set forth in claim 1 wherein the quantity of the
hard and indeformable particles is varied in dependence upon the
mechanical characteristic sought to be imparted to the bodies of
insulating material.
16. The method set forth in claim 15 wherein the granulometry of
the hard and indeformable particles is varied in dependence on the
size of the mineral fibers and the physical properties sought to be
imparted to the insulating material.
17. The method of producing bodies of insulating material of
interlaced mineral fibers agglomerated with a hardened resin binder
and through which are homogeneously interspersed separated hard and
indeformable particles, which comprises,
a forming a curtain of freshly formed mineral fibers and
gravitationally depositing them onto a travelling support,
b. dropping a stream of hard and indeformable particles adjacent to
said falling curtain of fibers and blowing said particles into said
fibers to homogenously distribute said particles within the body of
fibers before the combined fibers and particles are deposited on
the travelling support,
c. projecting a hardenable binder onto the curtain of fibers prior
to the combination of the hard particles therewith and the
deposition thereof on the travelling support, and
d. reducing the volume of the combined mass of fibers with the
binder and hard particles interspersed therethrough preparatory to
the hardening of said combined mass.
18. The method of producing bodies of insulating material of
interlaced mineral fibers agglomerated with a hardened resin binder
and through which are homogeneously interspersed separate hard and
indeformable particles, which comprises,
a forming a curtain of freshly formed mineral fibers and
gravitationally depositing them onto a travelling support,
b. dropping a stream of hard and indeformable particles adjacent to
said falling curtain of fibers and blowing said particles into said
fibers to homogeneously distribute said particles within the body
of fibers before the combined fibers and particles are deposited on
the travelling support,
c. projecting a hardenable binder onto the stream of hard particles
prior to the combination thereof with said curtain of fibers and
the deposition thereof on the travelling support, and
d. reducing the volume of the combined mass of fibers with the
binder and hard particles interspersed therethrough preparatory to
the hardening of said combined mass.
Description
The invention relates to the production of plates or sheets shaped
from a mass of mineral fibers, particularly glass fibers,
agglomerated by a binding agent, which present at the same time
both a high insulating capacity as well as a high degree of
indeformability. According to one characteristic of the invention,
these plates or shaped sheets are constituted by a lattice-work or
network of fibers which are joined to each other by a binder and by
solid and indeformable particles in the form of unitary granules
which are interlocked and encompassed separately in the meshes of
the fiber network and distributed in a homogeneous fashion
therein.
It is another characteristic of the invention that the particles
which are employed are at the same time hard, whole and
indeformable, while being either solid or porous.
It has been determined that while the products of the invention
present a very low tendency to deformation, particularly
compression, they retain strongly the high heat-insulating capacity
inherent in the porous structure of a mass of mineral fibers. This
preservation of the high insulating quality is due to the fact that
the hard particles or granules are in contact with the fibers of
the meshes which encompass them only along points or lines of
slight length, and thus there is practically no formation of
thermal conducting paths or bridges between the particles and the
fibers.
The high degree of indeformability of the products of the invention
arises from the fact that each particle impedes the local
deformation of the network in which it is enclosed, and that by
reason of the homogeneous distribution of the particles in the
entire mass, the deformation of the whole of the mass is prevented
by the presence of all of these particles.
In a general way, it is possible to select the average granulometry
of the particles which are used, as a function of the volumetric
mass which is related to the mass of fibers. In all cases, the size
of the particles or granules should be such that they are enclosed
within the meshes of the network formed by the fibrous mass. If
these meshes are very fine, small granules or particles of light
granulometry are used; if the meshes are large, particles of larger
dimensions may be used.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the fibers
constituting the network may have a mean diameter between 3 microns
and 16 microns; the apparent volume-mass characteristic or density
of this fibrous mass may range between 25 Kg. and 200 Kg. per cubic
meter, and preferably between 35 Kg. and 100 Kg. per cubic meter,
and preferably between 35 Kg. and 100 Kg. per cubic meter; the
granulometry of the solid, whole, indeformable particles may be of
the order of 0.10 mm. to 0.6 mm. and the proportion by volume of
the mass of particles may be of the order of 2 percent to 20
percent and preferably 3 percent to 15 percent of the total volume
of the product.
According to another embodiment of the invention, the apparent
volume-mass characteristic or density of the fibrous network may
range between 35 Kg. and 100 Kg. per cubic meter, and the particles
enclosed in the meshes of this network may be constituted by grains
of sand of a granulometry of the order of 0.10 mm. to 0.40 mm.
Instead of sand, other solid particles may be used, for example,
crushed glass, crushed rock, melted coal ashes, etc. The condition
which these particles must always meet being that they are hard and
indeformable.
Another improvement results from the use of hard and indeformable
granules which include empty spaces. Advantageous characteristics
are imparted to the structural units of the invention by the use of
hard porous or foamed mineral particles, such as perlite or
vermiculite. The products resulting from the use of such components
are characterized by extremely lightweight, high insulating
capacity and a high degree of indeformability.
When use is made of fibrous masses having a slightly elevated
specific density, the presence of these particles therein,
particularly perlite, result in products which evidence a strong
resistance to deformation, particularly compression.
In the modes of execution of the invention with hard porous
granules, the constituent fibers of the network may have a mean
diameter ranging between 3 microns and 16 microns, the apparent
volume-mass characteristic or density of this network may range
between 8 Kg. and 80 Kg. per cubic meter, preferably between 8 Kg.
and 50 Kg. per cubic meter, with the granulometry of the granules
being above 0.1 mm., and preferably between 0.5 mm. and 5 mm., and
the proportion in volume of the mass of particles being of the
order of 3 percent to 80 percent, and preferably between 10 percent
and 50 percent of the total volume of the product.
The quantity of particles which is used per unit of volume of the
final product depends on the density of the product and the
mechanical properties which are sought to be attained. To obtain
identical mechanical properties, for example, identical resistance
to crushing under load, it is desirable that the proportion of
particles be greater as the quantity of constituent fibers per unit
of volume is lower. Otherwise, for a like quantity of fibers per
unit of volume, the greater proportion of granules results in a
higher degree of mechanical resistance.
It is the object of the invention to provide a method of producing
structural units in the form of plates or shaped sheets of high
insulating capacity and indeformability, as described above. This
method consists in introducing the hard and indeformable particles,
either in solid or porous form, throughout the mass of fibers in
homogeneous fashion, by flowing the particles and projecting them
into the mass of fibers which is treated with a binding agent, by
the action of a gaseous current, and by then reducing the volume of
said mass in such a way that the particles are completely enclosed
and interlocked between the fibers after the binder sets. The
reduction of volume may be effected advantageously by exerting a
suction effect through the mass of fibers.
As a variation, the method may also be executed by introducing all
or part of the binder together with the solid or porous granules or
particles, into the mass of fibers. Thereby a better distribution
of the binder within the network of fibers is obtained. It has been
determined that the binder introduced with the particles moves from
the surfaces of the particles towards the fibers and assures the
joining of these fibers at their crossing points without the binder
remaining in contact between particles and fibers, thereby avoiding
all thermal bridges between them.
In accordance with the invention, provision is made to vary the
quantity of granules or particles introduced into the mass of
fibers, which may be varied in dependence upon the mechanical
characteristics sought to be imparted to the product.
The invention contemplates many different devices for executing the
procedures described above. These devices comprise a distributor,
wherefrom the particles flow by gravity, and members, such as
blowing nozzles, for producing gas jets, which act on the particles
to project them into the mass of fibers and distribute them
homogeneously in the latter.
According to one embodiment of the apparatus, the projection of
particles takes place on one side of the mass of fibers.
According to another embodiment of the invention, the distributor
and blower members are arranged around the mass of fibers issuing
from the production apparatus, and there is provided, under the
blower members, an oscillating nozzle or conduit into which passes
the mass of fibers with the particles which have been incorporated
in it. The oscillations of the nozzle or conduit make possible the
regular distribution of fibers on the cloth or other receiving
surface onto which the mass is projected for the formation of a mat
or sheet.
It is the particular objective of the arrangements in accordance
with the invention to secure an effective homogeneous distribution
of the particles in the mass of fibers. This may be attained by
introducing the granules or particles into the gaseous currents in
the form of a sheet of particles which flows in a homogeneous and
uniform fashion. This may be accomplished by feeding the particles
onto a distributing surface surrounding the mass of fibers, which
particles flow in a homogeneous and uniform fashion from the
distributing surface in the form of a sheet which is subjected to
the action of the gaseous currents. One of the features of the
invention is that the particles move freely on the distributing
surface in forming a natural flow.
When the fibers are produced by a rotary centrifuge, of the type
well known in the art, the attenuated fibers gravitate in the form
of a torus-shaped mass having a rotary movement. In this case, the
particles may be projected into the mass of fibers by imparting a
rotary movement to the annular sheet of granules which has a
component in a direction opposite to the direction of rotary
movement of the mass of fibers.
Also, the apparatus in accordance with the invention comprises a
distributing member in the form of a crown surrounding the mass of
fibers with elements which supply the particles onto the crown in
the form of threads or streams. The crown has an inclination or
slope at least equal to the slope of collapse or the "angle of
repose" of the granules so that the several streams form sheets,
which, by virtue of the positioning of the points of supply of the
particles, merge together at the rim of the distributor crown to
form a continuous and homogeneous layer of uniform thickness, which
is then projected onto the mass of fibers by the blowers.
In accordance with another feature of the invention, the elements
which supply the particles onto the distributor crown are formed by
conduits which communicate with an apparatus which feeds the
particles through a plurality of orifices, beyond which, the
thickness of the beds or layers of particles issuing from the
several orifices, is maintained substantially the same.
In accordance with another feature of the invention, the apparatus
supplying the particles may consist of parallel tubes fitted with
screw conveyors which advance and circulate the particles and feed
them in streams or layers of substantially constant and adjustable
thickness beyond the orifices which supply the conduits. The latter
are preferably in the form of sluices or channels. In order to
permit the regulation of the passage of the particles which enter
these conduits or sluices, members in the form of perforated masks
may be applied around the supply tubes along the length thereof,
which permit any desired adjustment of the orifices through which
the particles pass.
In another embodiment of the invention, the apparatus for feeding
the particles consists of a tube in the form of a torus, which is
disposed adjacent to the inclined wall of the crown, and which
contains openings through which the particles flow onto the
inclined wall. A helical member is provided in the tube for
conveying the particles therethrough.
Other objects and purposes of the invention will appear from the
following description in conjunction with the accompanying
drawings, which illustrate several nonlimiting examples, and
wherein:
FIG. 1 is a view of a mass of interlocked mineral fibers, on a
greatly enlarged scale, with binding agents incorporated
therein,
FIG. 2 is a view similar to FIG. 1, following the compression of
the mass of fibers in a vertical direction;
FIG. 3 is a view similar to FIG. 1 with the inclusion of separate
hard and indeformable particles in the network of the mineral
fibers, in accordance with the invention;
FIG. 4 is a view similar to FIG. 3 following the deformation of the
mass of fibers by a compressive force of the same intensity as that
employed on the mass shown in FIG. 2;
FIG. 5 is a front elevation, with certain parts in section, of an
apparatus for executing the invention;
FIG. 6 is a sectional view, with certain parts in elevation, of a
second embodiment of an apparatus in accordance with the
invention;
FIG. 7 is a partial view of FIG. 6, on an enlarged scale, at the
outlet of the receptacle and blower for the hard particles;
FIG. 8 is a front elevation of another embodiment of the invention,
illustrating the incorporation of the granules within the mass of
fibers issuing from a different form of fiber-producing
apparatus;
FIG. 9 is a perspective view of still another embodiment of the
invention;
FIG. 10 is a vertical sectional view through the installation shown
in FIG. 9, with certain parts in elevation;
FIG. 11 is a diagrammatic plan view of the distributor shown in
FIGS. 9 and 10, and indicating schematically the disposition of the
conduits or sluices for feeding the hard particles thereto;
FIG. 12 is a vertical sectional view of a portion of the
distributor crown at the outlet end of the supply conduits,
illustrating the flow of the particles onto the distributor
surface;
FIG. 13 is a vertical sectional view along line 13--13 of FIG.
9;
FIG. 14 is a sectional view of one of the perforated masks which
are mounted along the supply tubes shown in FIGS. 9 and 10;
FIG. 15 is a side view of the mask shown in FIG. 14;
FIG. 16 is a perspective view of another embodiment of the
invention; and
FIG. 17 is a sectional view along line 17--17 of FIG. 16.
FIGS. 1 to 4 illustrate graphically the advantageous features of
the instant invention.
FIG. 1 shows a part of a mass of mineral fibers 1 which, as is
known, are joined together at cross-points by a binder. Four of
these cross-points are marked A B C D. If this mass is subjected to
a mechanical stress, such as, for example, compression, (FIG. 2),
it is seen that the thickness of the mesh or lattice-work of fibers
decreases, and that the quadrilateral A B C D is reduced to form
quadrilateral A' B' C' D'.
FIG. 3 shows the same fibrous structure as that shown in FIGS. 1
and 2, but one in which hard, whole and indeformable particles or
granules 2 are introduced and interlocked between the meshes of the
network of fibers. The preceding cross-points are marked A" B" C"
D" and occupy substantially the same relative positions as the
cross-points indicated in FIG. 1. If the mass is subjected to the
same compressive stress as that imposed on the unit shown in FIG.
2, the resulting product is illustrated in FIG. 4. It is seen that
the presence of each particle prevents deformation of the mesh in
which it is enclosed, the points A'" B'" C'" D'" remaining in the
same positions as points A" B" C" D", and that the assembly itself
undergoes a decrease in thickness of much less extent than that in
the case illustrated in FIG. 2.
FIG. 5 illustrates one embodiment of an apparatus for obtaining a
fibrous mass according to the invention as shown in FIGS. 3 and
4.
Fibers 2, for example glass fibers, are produced by a machine 3,
which may be a centrifuge body rotating at high speed and having a
peripheral wall provided with orifices through which are projected
by centrifugal force threads of material which are attenuated into
fibers in a manner well known in the art. Spray guns 4 project a
binding agent onto the mass of fibers and a nozzle 5 directs a jet
of air onto said mass, to direct it toward the zone where hard
granules or particles 12 are introduced. The particles are
contained in a receptacle 6, whose bottom is provided with ledges
or movable shutters 7 with a feed regulator device 8. The particles
issuing from the receptacle pass into a rotating drum 9 which
assures a regular outflow of the particles wherefrom they flow by
gravity through conduit 10. One or several nozzles 11 project a jet
of air under pressure onto the particles in order to direct them
toward the mass of fibers. A homogeneous spatial distribution of
all the particles within the mass of fibers is assured by
controlling the strength and direction of the air jet.
Spray guns 13 may project a binder onto the surfaces of particles
before they are introduced into the mass of fibers.
The mass of fibers with the particles incorporated therein then
passes onto an endless cloth band support or other air-permeable
conveyor 14, under which is arranged a suction casing 14a to form a
pad or mat 15 of the desired thickness. The passage of this pad
into an oven results in polymerization and hardening of the binder
and cohesion of the interengaging fibers of the mat at their points
of crossing contacts.
In the embodiment shown in FIGS. 6 and 7, particles 12 are
distributed from an annular container 16 arranged coaxially with
respect to the mass of fibers 2 issuing from a centrifuge 17. The
outflow of these particles is controlled by regulating elements 18.
The particles flowing from annular orifice 19 of the distributor
are subjected to the action of a circular blower 20 which assures
their homogeneous spatial distribution in the entire mass of
fibers.
An annular conduit or tuyere 21 is disposed below the circular
blower 20 through which the mass of fibers passes, and an
oscillating movement is imparted to the former. The moving conduit
21 makes possible a regular distribution of fibers on the endless
air-permeable conveyor 14 for the purpose of forming the mat
thereon.
In this embodiment the binder is introduced into the combined mass
of fibers and granules by means of spray guns 22.
In the embodiment shown in FIG. 8, the fibers are produced by
drawing out the molten glass threads flowing from fixed spinning
orifices 23. These threads, transformed into fibers, are directed
to the interior of hood or funnel 24 and are impregnated with a
binding agent by means of spray guns 25 before dropping onto
endless conveyor member 26, under which is disposed the suction
casing 27.
The solid indeformable particles issuing from an apparatus, such as
shown in FIG. 5, are led to the interior of the hood 24 where they
drop in a free fall in order to be distributed in the mass of
fibers by means of a gas current issuing from one or several
nozzles 28.
In the embodiment shown in FIGS. 9 to 17, the apparatus for the
production of the glass fibers 2 is indicated at 17, and is similar
to that shown generally in FIG. 6. This apparatus 17 consists of a
rotatable centrifuge operating at high speed with a peripheral wall
having a plurality of orifices through which are projected the
molten filaments of glass which are attenuated into the form of
fibers.
In the apparatus shown in FIGS. 9 to 15, the solid particles, for
example sand, which are introduced into the mass of fibers, are
supplied by two hoppers 30 from which they flow into a pair of
tubular conduits 31. A conveyer screw 32 is provided in each of the
conduits, the diameter of which is less than the internal diameter
of the conduits. The two screws 32 are maintained in synchronism by
means of a motor-reducer driver assembly 43.
The tubular conduit 31 have orifices 33 (FIG. 13) disposed along
the lowermost portions of their cylindrical surfaces and through
which flow the particles which are conveyed by the screws 32. A
sluice or conduit 34 is disposed opposite each orifice 33. The
particles flow along the length of each conduit and are discharged
in the form of jets onto the distributor crown 35. This crown is
disposed coaxially with the rotary centrifuge 17 and presents an
oblique wall 36 towards the interior, the slope of which is at
least equal to the "angle of repose" of the granules or
particles.
The conduits or channels 34 are so disposed that the zones of
impact 37 of the particles on the oblique wall 36 of the crown 35
are such that the particles flow freely on this wall, forming
sheets 38 which spread out and reunite along the length of the
lower edge of the wall 36, (FIG. 12), thus forming a homogeneous
and continuous sheet. The gaseous jet issuing from the annular
orifice 40, provided at the base of the distributor 35 with the
annular chamber 41, acts on this annular sheet of granules. The gas
is introduced into this chamber through conduits 42 which are
disposed obliquely in such a fashion that the particles are
projected into the mass of fibers in the opposite rotary direction
from that of the rotating mass of fibers.
The mass of fibers in which the particles are thus distributed in
homogeneous fashion then passes into a conduit or tuyere 44 which
executes an oscillating movement about a horizontal axis 45,
thereby permitting a uniform distribution of the fibers onto a
receiving web below it, on which is formed a mat, these fibers
having been impregnated previously with a binder by means of spray
guns, as shown in the arrangements described above.
FIG. 11 shows the disposition of the conduits or channels 34, the
inclinations of which are adjusted in a manner that their slope
permits the natural flow of the particles, (a slope of at least
30.degree. in the case of sand), and the directions of which are
such that the zones of impact lead to the obtention of a continuous
and homogeneous sheet, as described above and as shown in FIG. 12.
These troughs are mounted on supports 46 disposed above the
distributor crown in a fashion to minimize the obstruction of the
apparatus.
The disposition of the conveying screws 32 and their rotary speed
such that a stream of particles of substantially uniform thickness
is obtained below the assembly of outlet orifices 33 of tubular
conduits 31. However, to obtain the proper delivery from each
channel 34, which is fed from each of the orifices, masks 47,
having openings 48 of different diameters, are resiliently mounted
on the tubular conduits 31 in overlying relation to openings 33
therein. These masks of springy material may be turned to place an
orifice of predetermined size opposite each outlet opening 33 of
the tubular conduit according to the rate of discharge sought to be
attained. An abutment or lug 49 is provided on the inside of each
mask for selective cooperation with one of a plurality of grooves
or notches 50 on the periphery of the conduits 31, which permits
placing the apertured mask in correctly aligned position for any
selected opening 48 in the latter.
In order to permit the evacuation of any excess particles or
granules and to avoid jamming or choking of the conduits 31, the
end 52 of each conduit is provided with openings 51 which permits
the elimination of these excess particles.
The quantity of granules or particles discharged from the
distributor is a function of the diameter of the holes 48 in the
masks and the speed of rotation of the feedscrews 32, the latter
being adjusted for all the holes, with the exception of the
openings 51 which are effective only when the conduits are too
full. The latter serve to discharge particles only when the holes
33 and 48 become obstructed or when there is a strained operation,
thereby avoiding a breakage of the feedscrews.
In the modified embodiment shown in FIGS. 16 and 17, the particles
are fed from a hopper 53 into an annular conduit 54 arranged in the
form of a torus, in which operates a helical coreless feed member
55 which is rotated by a motor-reducer device 56. This conduit is
disposed coaxially with the rotary centrifuge adjacent to the
inclined wall 36 of the distributor crown 35, which operates in the
same manner as described above in conjunction with FIGS. 9 to 15.
The conduit 54 is provided with orifices 57, (FIG. 17), through
which the particles flow onto the wall 36 for forming a continuous
sheet of uniform thickness at the internal rim 39 of the
distributor crown.
Any suitable polymerizable resins may be used as binding agents,
examples of which are set forth below. Furthermore, variations may
be made in the details of the apparatus, for example, in the
character of the air-permeable conveyor for receiving the mass of
fibers combined with a resin binder and hard particles distributed
therethrough. As set forth above, the latter may be in the form of
hard solid and indeformable granules, such as sand, or these
granules may be hard and indeformable with voids therein such as
foamed or porous granules of perlite or vermiculite. The invention
also contemplates the use of hard and indeformable light particles
which are interlocked in the meshes of the fibrous network, such as
crushed, foamed or porous glass.
Below are given examples of products of glass fibers according to
the invention as well as comparative data, between these products
and the same products which do not include hard and separate
unitary solid or foamed indeformable particles, from the point of
view of heat-insulating capability and resistance to
deformation.
EXAMPLE I
a. Composition of glass SiO.sub.2 66.3% Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 3.0%
F.sub.2 O.sub.3 0.4% CaO 7.6% MgO 3.4% Na.sub.2 O14.0% K.sub.2 O
1.1% B.sub.2 O.sub.3 1.5% BaO 2.0% F.sub.2 0.8% b. Mean diameter of
fibers: 6 microns c. Nature of binder: Phenol formaldehyde resin d.
Nature of particles: Sand e. Mean diameter of grains: 0.2 mm.
##SPC1##
It is to be noted that while the products have substantially the
same insulating power, the load necessary to obtain the same
reduction in thickness in the product in accordance with the
invention is nearly double.
EXAMPLE II
a. Composition of the glass b. Mean diameter of the fibers
Identical with c. Nature of the binder those of Example I (d)
Nature of the granules or particles e. Mean diameter of the
granules ##SPC2##
EXAMPLE III
a. Composition of the glass Si0.sub.2 61.3% A1.sub.2 0.sub.3 5.5%
F.sub.2 0.sub.3 0.6% Ca0 7.3% Mg0 3.1% Na.sub.2 013.9% K.sub.2 0
1.9% B.sub.2 0.sub.3 2.9% Ba0 3.2% b. Mean diameter of the fibers:
12 microns c. Nature of binder: Phenol formaldehyde resin d. Nature
of granules: Sand e. Mean diameter of granules: 0.2 mm.
__________________________________________________________________________
Product Composition Load required to of product reduce thickness of
product by 25%
__________________________________________________________________________
Product with- Fibers 99kg./m..sup.3 out sand Resin 11 kg./m..sup.3
9,000 kg./m..sup.2
__________________________________________________________________________
Product with Fibers 99 kg./m.sup.3 sand Resin 11 kg./m.sup.3 1,6000
kg./m.sup.2 Sand 90 kg./m.sup.3
__________________________________________________________________________
Set forth below are two examples of products of glass fibers with
perlite and vermiculite, according to the invention, these examples
showing, comparatively, the differences from the point of view of
insulating value and resistance to deformation between these
products and the same products which do not include these
particles.
EXAMPLE IV
a. Composition of glass Si0.sub.2 69.0% A1.sub.2 0.sub.3 2.3%
F.sub.2 0.sub.3 0.4% Ca0 9.0% Mg0 2.9% Na.sub.2 013.5% K.sub.2 0
0.2% B.sub.2 0.sub.3 1.7% F.sub.2 0.5% b. Mean diameter of fibers 6
microns c. Nature of binder Phenol formaldehyde resin d. Nature of
grains Perlite e. Diameter of grains: 0.1 mm. to 2 mm. ##SPC3##
It is to be noted that while both products have substantially the
same insulating capacity, the load required to attain the same
reduction in thickness is nearly tripled for the product in
accordance with the instant invention.
EXAMPLE V
a. Composition of glass Identical to those of b. Mean diameter of
fibers Example IV c. Nature of binder d. Nature of grains
Vermiculite e. Diameter of grains from 3 mm. to 6 mm. ##SPC4##
* * * * *