U.S. patent number 3,616,015 [Application Number 04/857,268] was granted by the patent office on 1971-10-26 for clear heat transfer and method of applying the same.
Invention is credited to Katherine A. Kingston.
United States Patent |
3,616,015 |
Kingston |
October 26, 1971 |
CLEAR HEAT TRANSFER AND METHOD OF APPLYING THE SAME
Abstract
A heat transfer is described for labelling clear plastics which
uses as the transfer layer a coating comprising at least 30 percent
by weight of an oxidized, esterified, partially saponified montan
wax. An ink image is printed over the wax and, after transfer by
application of heat and pressure, is smoothed, clarified and
glossed by exposure to a jet of hot gas or other heating means to
remelt the transferred wax, followed by solidification in the clear
state.
Inventors: |
Kingston; Katherine A.
(Framingham, MA) |
Family
ID: |
25325597 |
Appl.
No.: |
04/857,268 |
Filed: |
August 11, 1969 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
156/230; 156/240;
428/485; 156/239; 427/148 |
Current CPC
Class: |
B44C
1/172 (20130101); Y10T 428/31804 (20150401) |
Current International
Class: |
B44C
1/17 (20060101); B32b 009/02 (); B41m 003/12 ();
B44c 001/16 () |
Field of
Search: |
;156/82,230,237,239,240
;117/3.2,3.1,92,168 ;161/3,5,234,235,406,413 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Quarforth; Carl D.
Assistant Examiner: Gaither; Roger S.
Parent Case Text
This application is a continuation-in-part of copending U.S. Pat.
Application Ser. No. 602,758 now abandoned.
Claims
I claim:
1. In a heat transfer comprising a backing and a transfer coating
thereon, said coating containing an oxidized wax obtained as the
reaction product of the oxidization of a hydrocarbon wax, said
coating having a melting point between about 50.degree. and
110.degree. C., an acid value between about 5 and 40, a
saponification value between about 25 and 150, and a penetrometer
hardness below about 15 as measured with 100 grams per 5 seconds at
25.degree. C., the improvement wherein said oxidized wax is an
oxidized, partially esterified and partially saponified montan wax
which, at a temperature at least 25.degree. F. above its
solidification point has a melt viscosity of at least about 150
centipoises, whereby designs comprising commercial inks can be
printed on the surface of the coating by conventional commercial
processes and transferred onto permeable or impermeable surfaces by
the application of heat and pressure and clarified, after transfer,
by jets of hot gas which melt the wax.
2. A heat transfer according to claim 1 where said oxidized wax
comprises a predominant amount of said transfer coating.
3. A heat transfer according to claim 1 where said oxidized wax
comprises at least 30 percent by weight of said transfer
coating.
4. A heat transfer according to claim 3 wherein said oxidized wax
is substantially clear when melted in a liquid layer less than
about 1/4 inch in thickness.
5. A heat transfer according to claim 3 where said transfer layer
includes at least one synthetic resin.
6. A heat transfer according to claim 3 further comprising a
transferable ink design printed over said transfer coating.
7. The method of labelling the surface of a receiving body which
comprises (a) providing a heat transfer according to claim 6, (b)
transferring said design to said surface by contacting the surface
with said design while applying heat and pressure thereto to melt
the wax layer, and thereafter smoothing and clarifying the image by
(c) remelting the wax adherent to said surface by means of a
high-temperature jet of gas for a time sufficient to melt said wax
without substantial heating of said body, and (d) solidifying the
wax in a clear state.
8. The method according to claim 7 wherein said high-temperature
jet of gas is a flame which impinges on said transferred wax.
9. The method according to claim 7 wherein said jet of gas is air
at a temperature of at least about 300.degree. F.
10. The method according to claim 7 wherein said receiving body is
a clear plastic.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Introduction
This invention relates to heat transfers for labelling (class 117,
subclass 3.2) and more particularly, to improvements in heat
transfers embodying a wax release coating especially adapted for
the labelling of plastics.
2. Description of the Prior Art
Improved heat transfer labels based upon the use of various waxes
are in substantial commercial use and are disclosed in U.S. Pat.
Nos. 2,862,832; 2,984,413 and 2,990,311, all incorporated herein by
reference. Apparatus for applying the labels is known and is
disclosed for example in U.S. Pat. Nos. 2,981,432 and 3,064,714
also incorporated herein by reference.
In accordance with U.S. Pat. No. 2,862,832, there is provided a
heat transfer comprising a backing and a release coating thereon
comprising an oxidized wax obtained as the reaction product of the
oxidation of hard, high melting, aliphatic, hydrocarbon waxes.
These oxidized waxes have melting points between about 50.degree.
and 110.degree. C., saponification values between about 25 and 100,
acid values between about 5 and 40, and a penetrameter hardness
(ASTM-D5-52) below about 15 as measured with 100 grams for 5
seconds at 25.degree. C. U.S. Pat. No. 2,984,413 is similar, but
differs from U.S. Pat. No. 2,862,832 by use of an unoxidized wax in
the transfer coating. U.S. Pat. No. 2,990,311 is an improvement
over the aforementioned patents and provides a transfer consisting
of a backing and a transfer layer comprising a uniform mixture of a
crystalline wax and a synthetic, thermoplastic, film-forming resin
where each ingredient in the composition is present to the extent
of at least 15 percent of their combined weights.
Labels comprising an oxidized wax release coating in accordance
with the above-noted patents have presented limitations in the
labelling of some articles, particularly packaging containers such
as bottles or the like made of clear or opaque plastic or of
plastics such as polyvinyl chloride or polystyrene which have
relatively low softening temperatures. In effecting transfer, the
wax layer is melted and some of the wax transferred with the design
or image to the receiving surface where it solidifies. The
transferred wax normally solidifies as a cloudy film which is not
normally noticeable or objectionable where the receiving surface is
opaque. However, it noticeably detracts from the clarity and
attractiveness of the design when the receiving surface is of clear
plastic. The film of cloudy wax surrounding the image can be
particularly noticeable.
It is accordingly the principal object of the present invention to
provide heat transfers generally of the above type which can be
smoothed and clarified to avoid reduction in the attractiveness of
the transferred image, and which can be applied to plastic surfaces
with low softening temperatures, together with methods of applying
the same.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
In accordance with the present invention it has been found that
clear images can be provided on receiving surfaces by employing in
the wax release coating, a modified montan wax which has been
oxidized, esterified, and partially saponified as more fully
described hereinafter. Following transfer, the wax transferring
with the design is remelted by means of a high-temperature jet of
gas or any other suitable means which heats the wax to or above its
melting point with minimum heating of the underlying surface,
followed by cooling to solidify the wax in a clear, smooth state.
Cooling at ambient conditions is normally satisfactory, although
forced cooling can be employed for faster and sometimes better
clarification, and is especially useful where the articles are to
be immediately handled as in packing.
The modified montan waxes herein employed have similar properties
to those specified in U.S. Pat. No. 2,862,832 except that somewhat
higher saponification values can be employed. Thus they have
melting points between about 50.degree. and 110.degree. C.,
saponification values between about 25 and 150, acid values between
about 5 and 40 and a penetrometer hardness (ASTM-D5-52) below about
15 as measured with 100 grams for 5 seconds at 25.degree. C. They
should be clear in thin liquid layers and have relatively high-melt
viscosities.
Additives such as fillers, wax extenders, and resins, especially
synthetic resins, may be added to the wax without adverse effects
as illustrated in the following examples and to improve various
properties such as gloss, printability and the like.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
The present invention can be better understood by reference to the
accompanying drawing in which:
FIG. 1 is a transverse section of a heat transfer in accordance
with the present invention;
FIG. 2 is an illustrative flow chart for the preparation of
modified montan waxes herein employed; and
FIG. 3 is a schematic, isometric view of apparatus for applying a
high-temperature gas jet to the transferred image for
clarification.
Referring to the drawing, a backing 10 of paper or the like is
coated with a transfer layer 11 containing at least 30 percent by
weight of an oxidized montan wax and a design 12 is printed on the
exposed surface of the layer.
The oxidized montan waxes herein disclosed are prepared in
accordance with the treatments shown in FIG. 2 and are available in
various grades from the American Hoechst Corp. of Mountainside, New
Jersey. For example Hoechst waxes OP, X55, 0 and Special can be
employed. Such waxes, useful herein, have high-melt viscosities
compared to other more common waxes which have quite low-melt
viscosities a few degrees above their solidification point, a
property considered important in obtaining smoothness and clarity
as herein disclosed. Thus, the waxes should have a melt viscosity
at 25.degree. F. above their solidification point of at least about
150 centipoises. These waxes are also substantially clear when
melted in a liquid layer of about 1/4 inch or less in thickness.
These waxes are montan waxes which have been oxidized, esterified
and partially saponified by treatments illustrated in FIG. 2. While
not always described in the trade literature as oxidized waxes, the
above waxes have been subjected to oxidation and have the
properties above specified.
The above waxes in the amounts proscribed appear to be unique in
providing clarity in transfer labels by feasible means. It is
believed that their complex composition and relatively high-melt
viscosity substantially diminish their ability to crystalize when
cooled so that these waxes, which are substantially clear when
melted, can be relatively rapidly cooled to a clear solid in a
substantially amorphous state.
The transfer layers of the present invention can be applied to the
backing by any convenient method such as by emulsions, hot melts or
as solvent solution. The coated paper is then printed with a design
by conventional printing equipment such as letterpress,
rotogravure, and flexographic presses and with conventional ink, in
a plurality of colors if desired and including inks made from
powdered metal. The term design as used herein includes both
printing and art work or a combination of both.
The oxidized, modified montan waxes herein disclosed are relatively
viscous, brittle and/or costly if used alone and it is preferred to
use them in admixture with various additives such as other waxes,
fillers and resins such as those exemplified in the above
referenced U.S. Pat. No. 2,990,311 to improve cost, coating
properties, gloss, printability, and the like in the finished
transfer coating. Suitable formulations are given in table 1
wherein all parts are by weight. ##SPC1##
The microcrystalline wax used in the above examples was Warco
150.degree. F. (example 2) of the Warwick Wax Division of Western
Petrochemical Corporation of Ultraflex White (example 8), of
Petrolite Corporation, the Castorwax was a hydrogenated castor oil
obtained from the Baker Chemical Company, and the parafin wax was
Sunoco 5512 wax of the Sun Oil Company having a melting point of
about 160.degree. F.
The paper is then printed on the waxed side with a glossy,
organic-solvent type gravure ink. After the ink has dried, the
design is transferred to the receiving surface by rolling pressure
from a heated surface at a temperature between about
250.degree.-600.degree. F., for example 350.degree. F. The transfer
can also be preheated if desired. After transfer the paper backing
10 is immediately removed while hot, leaving the design firmly
attached to the surface.
In effecting transfer, the molten wax transferring with the ink
tends to be uneven and cloudy, detracting from the attractiveness
of the transferred image.
To improve the appearance of the transfer and to clarify the wax,
it has been discovered that the transferred image, including the
transferred, solidified wax, can be exposed to jets of hot gas,
either as a direct gas flame or as hot air jets at
300.degree.-400.degree. F., or higher, for a period of time just
sufficient to melt the wax. By this means only the surface of the
design, including the wax, is heated and cooling is relatively
rapid merely with exposure to the ambient atmosphere and a clear
film results. If desired, however, forced cooling may be employed.
Such forced cooling is of advantage where it is desired to
immediately handle the labeled articles for packing or the
like.
Apparatus suitable for remelting the wax layer is illustrated at
FIG. 3. A clear plastic bottle 20 or the like, having transfer
label 22 applied thereto, is placed on conveyor 24 and moved past a
first pair of heating stations 26 and 28. Heating stations 26 and
28 are fed with gas to produce a flame 30 which directly impinges
on the article 20 and label 22 as they move past the station on the
conveyor 24. Conveyor 24 moves at a speed to carry the bottle 20
past the heating stations 26 and 28 for a time just sufficient to
melt the wax layer adhering to and around the periphery of the
label 22 while providing a minimum of heat to the body of container
20.
After the article 20 has passed heating stations 26 and 28, it
moves past rotating table 32 and against guide 34 which together
rotate the bottle by an amount, normally about 90.degree.,
sufficient to expose portions of the label unheated due to the
peripheral curvature of container 20. Thereafter the container 20
passes a second pair of heating stations 36 and 38 which similarly
heat both sides of the label for a time just sufficient to melt the
wax without substantially heating the bottle 20. Multiple stations
as indicated in FIG. 3 at 26, 28, 36 and 38 are useful to fully
heat and clarify labels extending around round objects. For heating
objects with less curvature or less surface area, a lesser number
of stations are required.
While shown as in FIG. 3, the heating jets of gas can comprise a
gas flame directly impinging on the label 22, it has also been
found sufficient to pass air over electric heating elements or
through a flame sufficient to heat it to about
300.degree.-400.degree. F., and then to discharge the heated air
against the label surface to melt the wax without substantial
heating of the container 20.
It should be understood that the foregoing description is for the
purpose of illustration only and that the invention includes all
modifications within the scope of the appended claims.
* * * * *