U.S. patent number 3,613,813 [Application Number 04/825,276] was granted by the patent office on 1971-10-19 for wheelchairs.
Invention is credited to Raymond G. Biddle.
United States Patent |
3,613,813 |
Biddle |
October 19, 1971 |
WHEELCHAIRS
Abstract
A motorized wheelchair which has a pair of driving wheels, an
electric motor for driving each of the wheels, the wheels being
mounted on and supported by output shafts extending from the
housings of the associated motors.
Inventors: |
Biddle; Raymond G. (Romsley,
Halesowen, in the county of Worcester, EN) |
Family
ID: |
10193066 |
Appl.
No.: |
04/825,276 |
Filed: |
May 16, 1969 |
Foreign Application Priority Data
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|
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May 16, 1968 [GB] |
|
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23,277/68 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
180/6.5;
180/65.6; 180/333; 180/907; 200/6A; 200/330; 280/42 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A61G
5/042 (20130101); A61G 2203/14 (20130101); Y10S
180/907 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
A61G
5/04 (20060101); A61G 5/00 (20060101); B62d
011/04 (); B60k 007/00 () |
Field of
Search: |
;180/6.48,6.5,65,65F,77H
;280/242WC,42 ;200/6A,172A |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Hersh; Benjamin
Assistant Examiner: Paperner; Leslie J.
Claims
I claim:
1. A motorized wheelchair which includes a pair of said members
between which the seat portion and the backrest of the chair are
disposed; a pair of electric motors carried one by each side
member, each electric motor having a housing from which an output
shaft projects, each output shaft being supported at one of its
ends within the housing and the other end of the output shaft
carrying a driving wheel of the chair, said other end of each
output shaft being unsupported and affording the sole support for
said driving wheel, said driving wheels being located at the front
of the chair; a pair of castor wheels provided at the rear of the
chair, the castor wheels being releasably fastened to the
respective side members; each side member having a support plate
secured thereto, the housing for the associated electric motor
being releasably secured to one side of the support plate with the
output shaft projecting from said housing and the driving wheel
carried by the output shaft being disposed on the other side of the
plate, the housing for each electric motor including an elongate
bearing sleeve receiving and supporting said one end of the output
shaft and a plurality of socket members projecting from the
housing, each support plate being formed with a plurality of
apertures aligned one with each of said socket members of the
associated housing, each aperture receiving a threaded fastener
engaging with the socket member aligned with said aperture, the
free ends of the socket members lying in a common plane and
abutting said one side of the support plate, and each driving wheel
including a cylindrical bushing receiving the associated output
shaft and having a keyed connection therewith whereby each driving
wheel is rotatably fast with its associated output shaft.
2. A wheelchair according to claim 1 wherein a plurality of
linkages interconnect the side members, each linkage including a
pair of links which are pivotally connected one to each side member
and to each other in such a way that the wheelchair can be
collapsed by pivoting said links upwardly relative to their
respective side members, wherein the electrical power supply for
the electric motors comprises a plurality of batteries housed
within a casing which is mounted detachably on said wheelchair.
3. A wheelchair according to claim 1 wherein a control unit is
mounted on one of the side members, said control unit housing a
joystick control for controlling operation of the electric motors,
the joystick comprising a lever having a first plate secured
thereto, said lever being tiltably connected to a second plate
spaced from the first plate with biassing means acting between two
plates to bias the first plate into a position in which it lies
parallel to the second plate and a plurality of equispaced
microswitch contact members surrounding the lever and projecting
from the second plate towards the first plate. Each electric motor
having one or more of the contact members associated therewith and
the arrangement being such that tilting movement of the first plate
can be effected to selectively operate the contact members to
control operation of the respective electric motors.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to motorized wheelchairs of the kind which
include a pair of side members between which the seat portion and
the backrest of the chair are disposed.
2. Description of the Prior Art
In previous forms of motorized wheelchair an electric motor has
been mounted on the frame of the wheelchair and a gear or pulley
system has been provided for transmitting drive to a pair of
driving wheels of the chair, the drive system including clutches
which can be engaged or disengaged under the control of the
occupant of the wheelchair to control steering of the
wheelchair.
It is an object of the present invention to provide a form of
wheelchair of the above kind in which the drive to the driving
wheels of the chair is simplified, in which the construction of the
chair is such as to obtain a lightweight construction and in which
the construction is such that the chair is collapsible.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention provides a motorized wheelchair of the kind
referred to above having the improvement comprising an electric
motor having a housing from which an output shaft projects with
each output shaft carrying a driving wheel of the chair and
affording the sole support for said wheel.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is an exploded perspective view of the wheelchair,
FIG. 2 is an exploded perspective view showing the drive to one of
the driving wheels of the wheelchair,
FIG. 3 is a side elevation of the control for driving and steering
the wheelchair, the operating member of the control being shown in
a position in which neither of the driving wheels of the chair is
driven,
FIG. 4 is a detail view of part of the control shown in FIG. 3 but
showing the operating member of the control in a position in which
both of the driving wheels of the chair are driven in a forward
direction, and
FIG. 5 is a circuit diagram showing the electrical system of the
wheelchair.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
The wheelchair includes, as shown in FIG. 1, a frame construction
which includes a pair of side members 10 and 11, each side member
10, 11 including a back upright member 12 of tubular construction,
a front upright member 13 also of tubular construction and a pair
of tubular members 14 and 15 interconnecting the front and back
members 13 and 12. Three linkages 16, 17 and 18 interconnect the
side frame members 10 and 11 and each linkage 16, 17, 18 includes a
pair of pivotally connected links which can be moved through
positions in which they are aligned to positions as shown in FIG. 1
in which they serve to maintain the side frame members 10 and 11
spaced apart as shown in FIG. 1.
An armrest 19 having a pad 20 is attached to each side of the side
frame members 10 and 11, a sheet 21 of flexible material is secured
between the back members 12 of the side frame members to form a
backrest, a further sheet 22 of flexible material is secured
between the upper tubular members 14 to provide the seat portion of
the chair and an additional sheet 23 also of flexible material is
secured between the lower tubular members 15 to provide a parcel
shelf.
Footrests 24 are connected by clips 25 to support members 26 which
are connected by clips 27 to the front members 13 of the side frame
members 10 and 11 and a box 28 containing a control system
hereinafter described in more detail is secured to one of the
armrests 19. The wheels of the wheelchair comprise a pair of castor
wheels 29 secured in the lower ends of the tubular back members 12
and are held in position by means of clips 30 and a pair of driving
wheels 31 are mounted at the front of the chair. The wheels can
either have pneumatic tires or solid rubber tires and conveniently
have an external diameter of about 8 inches.
As shown in detail in FIG. 2 a support plate 32 is secured to the
lower forward portion of each side member 10, 11 of the chair frame
and each support plate 32 carries a motor housing 33 which is
secured thereto by threaded fasteners 34. The housing 33 contains
an electric motor having a drive shaft 35 in the form of a gear
which meshes with a gear wheel 36 mounted on a pin 37. The gear
wheel 36 is formed integrally with a further gear wheel 38 which
meshes with another gear wheel 39 nonrotatably mounted on a shaft
40, the shaft 40 including an output portion 41 which projects from
the motor housing 33 and affords the output shaft of the motor. The
gear ratios between the shaft 35 and wheel 36 and between the two
gear wheels 38 and 39 are such that, as can be seen from FIG. 2, a
stepdown gear drive system is provided.
Each motor housing is disposed inwardly of its associated support
plate 32 as can be seen from FIG. 1 and the output shaft 41
projecting from the housing 33 extends through an aperture 42 in
the associated support plate 32 and the driving wheel 31 of each
motor is disposed outwardly of the associated support plate 32.
Each output shaft 41 engages a bushing 43 fitted in a central bore
44 of the associated wheel 31 and a key 45 engages in a slot formed
in the bushing and in a slot formed in the output shaft 41 to
prevent relative rotation between the shaft 41 and bushing 43
whereby drive is transmitted to the wheel 31, the bushing 43 being
a tight fit and welded in its associated bore 44. The output shafts
41 not only provide the drive to the wheels 31 but also afford the
sole support therefor thus eliminating the need for any further
means for mounting the wheels 31.
The power for driving the motors is obtained from batteries
contained within a battery casing 46 which is clipped onto the
links of the front linkage 18. The batteries within the casing 46
can be either light duty, nonspillable batteries or heavier duty
spillable batteries and are rechargeable and the battery casing 46
is removed from the linkage 18 prior to collapsing of the
wheelchair frame which can be effected by moving the pivotal
connection of each of the linkages 16, 17 and 18 upwardly and then
moving the side frame members 10 and 11 of the chair towards each
other. The battery housing will normally contain three
batteries.
Operation of the driving motors of the wheelchair is effected by
means of a joy stick control which includes a control mechanism
mounted within the control box 28 which can be mounted either on
the left-hand side or the right-hand side of the wheelchair. The
control mechanism includes a lever 47 which is mounted for pivotal
movement relative to a plate 48 and has a knob 49 at its upper end
to facilitate manual grasping thereof. A helical spring 50
surrounds the lower end portion of the lever 47 between the plate
48 which is fixed within the box 28 and a plate 51 which is fixed
to the lever 47 and the spring 50 serves to bias the lever 47 into
an upright position. There are four contacts 52, 53, 54 and 55
mounted on the plate 48 and the contacts 52, 53, 54 and 55 control
operation of microswitches 520, 530, 540 and 550 (see FIG. 5), the
microswitches being contained within switch housings 56. The lever
47 extends through an opening 57 formed in the upper surface of the
control box 28 and there is a foam pad 58 (not shown in FIG. 4)
which fits round the lever 47 beneath said opening 57 and the pad
58 functions as a sealing member to prevent the entry of dust and
dirt into the control box 28.
The arrangement is such that, when the lever 47 is moved in a
forwards direction, i.e., into the position shown in FIG. 4, the
contacts 54 and 55 are operated to operate the switches of the
associated microswitches 540 and 550 the switch members of which
are shown in their operated conditions in FIG. 5. The circuit of
the control box is such that when the contacts 54 and 55 are
operated both electric motors are driven in a forwards direction.
The arrangement is also such that, when the lever is moved
rearwardly to cause closure of the contacts 52 and 53 both the
electric motors are driven in a rearwards direction.
As indicated in FIG. 4 the opening 57 formed in the top plate of
the box 28 is of square form with the diagonals of the square
extending in a front to back and in a side-to-side direction. When
the lever 47 is moved into the right-hand corner of the square
contacts 52 and 54 are operated and the left wheel of the chair is
driven in a forwards direction and the right wheel is driven in
reverse whereby the chair is caused to turn rapidly to the right.
When the lever is moved to the left-hand corner of the square to
operate contacts 53 and 55 the right-hand wheel of the chair is
driven forwards and the left-hand wheel is driven in reverse
whereby the chair is turned rapidly to the left.
The arrangement is that when contact 54 is operated (i.e., the
right-hand side front contact) the left wheel of the chair is
driven forwards, when the contact 55 is operated the right wheel is
driven forwards, when the contact 52 is operated the right wheel is
driven backwards and when the contact 53 is operated the left wheel
is driven backwards.
The switch members of the microswitches are movable between
normally open and normally closed positions, the switch members of
microswitches 540 and 550 being shown in their operated conditions
and the switch members of microswitches 520 and 530 being shown in
their nonoperated conditions, a diode assembly 58 being connected
between the microswitches to prevent feedback between the
microswitches and the leads for the microswitches are connected
either directly or indirectly to a plug and socket fitting 59, the
indirect connections being effected through a circuit breaker 60
having an operating element 61 which can be moved between an open
position as shown in FIG. 3 in which operation of the motors is
prevented and a closed position in which operation of the motors is
permitted. The circuit breaker 60 includes an overload mechanism
which automatically cuts out if the motors are overloaded.
The battery casing 46 contains, as pointed out above, three
batteries which are normally 6-volt batteries and the arrangement
is that either two or three batteries can be brought into the
electrical circuit, this being by means of a switch 62 which, when
in the up position, brings two batteries into the circuit and, when
in the down position, brings all three batteries into the circuit.
The circuitry is such that all three batteries can only be brought
into the circuit when the chair is driven in the forwards
direction. With an 18-volt supply each electric motor drives its
output shaft 41 at a greater speed than with a 12-volt supply. When
travelling forwardly therefore, the occupant of the chair can
either travel at a first lower speed or at a second somewhat higher
speed.
There is a detachable electrical connection between the battery
casing 46, the control box 28 and each of the electric motors. The
detachable connection includes the socket fitting 59 of the control
box, a socket fitting 63 on the battery casing 46, a plug 64 for
fitment in the socket fitting 63, a plug 65 for fitment in the
socket fitting 59 and leads extending from the plug 64 to the plug
65 and from the plug 65 to each of the electric motors. The plug 65
is indicated in FIG. 5 with the leads 66 and 67 shown extending
from the plug 65 to the two electric motors M1 and M2.
It is to be understood that the electrical circuitry shown in FIG.
5 represents only one way in which the various operating components
in the control box could be connected together and said electrical
circuitry of FIG. 5 has therefore not been described in detail, it
being assumed that the detailed operation thereof will be apparent
to those skilled in the art.
In the above arrangement a joy stick control is provided for
controlling operation of the electric motors but the joy stick
control system can be replaced by a pushbutton control system (not
shown in the drawings), there being four pushbuttons, depression of
one serving to drive both wheels forwards, depression of another
serving to drive both wheels in reverse, depression of a further
button serving to turn the wheelchair to the right and depression
of the fourth pushbutton serving to turn the wheelchair to the
left.
In a further pushbutton arrangement there are again four
pushbuttons arranged as per the contacts 52, 53, 54 and 55.
Depression of the front pair of pushbuttons causes the motors to
drive the wheels forwardly; depression of the rear pair of push
buttons causes the motor to drive the wheels rearwardly; depression
of one diagonal pair of pushbuttons causes the left driving wheel
to be driven forwardly and the right driving wheel to be driven
rearwardly so that the chair turns to the right and depression of
the other diagonal pair of buttons has the opposite effect.
* * * * *