U.S. patent number 3,613,522 [Application Number 04/857,307] was granted by the patent office on 1971-10-19 for method of producing cushioning dunnage.
This patent grant is currently assigned to The Arpax Company. Invention is credited to George R. Johnson.
United States Patent |
3,613,522 |
Johnson |
October 19, 1971 |
METHOD OF PRODUCING CUSHIONING DUNNAGE
Abstract
A method of producing coiled, resilient cushioning dunnage
comprising taking a web of sheetlike material, such as paper, of
predetermined width and crumpling it down into a relatively narrow
strip and then forming the strip by pressure into generally
helically coiled form. Also a method of producing elongated,
tubularlike dunnage is disclosed which comprises taking a web of
flexible sheetlike material, such as paper, of predetermined width
and forming the web into a generally tubularlike shape by moving
the lengthwise edges of the web inwardly toward one another and
then loosely crumpling the inwardly turned web and stitching the
article along the lengthwise extent thereof to maintain it in its
formed configuration.
Inventors: |
Johnson; George R. (Chagrin
Falls, OH) |
Assignee: |
The Arpax Company (Chagrin
Falls, OH)
|
Family
ID: |
25325689 |
Appl.
No.: |
04/857,307 |
Filed: |
September 12, 1969 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
Issue Date |
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640145 |
May 22, 1967 |
3509797 |
May 5, 1970 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
493/297; 156/183;
493/967; 53/502; 493/299; 493/393 |
Current CPC
Class: |
B31D
5/0047 (20130101); B65D 81/09 (20130101); B31D
2205/0047 (20130101); Y10S 493/967 (20130101); B31D
2205/0023 (20130101); B31D 2205/007 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
B31D
5/00 (20060101); B65D 81/05 (20060101); B65D
81/09 (20060101); B31f 001/10 (); B31d 005/00 ();
B31b 049/00 () |
Field of
Search: |
;93/1-1.5,84TW,93HT,8OW,8WZ,59,79 ;53/59W ;83/79,80,157
;156/586-593,183 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Foreign Patent Documents
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76,707 |
|
Nov 1953 |
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DK |
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171,046 |
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Nov 1934 |
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CH |
|
Primary Examiner: Morse, Jr.; Wayne A.
Parent Case Text
This is a divisional application of my copending U.S. Pat.
application, Ser. No. 640,145 filed May 22, 1967, now U.S. Pat. No.
3,509,797 issued May 5, 1970, by George R. Johnson and entitled
MECHANISM AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING DUNNAGE.
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. In a method of producing cushioning dunnage comprising, taking a
web of sheetlike stock material such as paper, crumpling it down
into a relatively narrow strip of material, and then forming said
strip by pressure into elongated generally helically coiled form,
and wherein said forming of said strip into generally helically
coiled form is provided by coining the strip generally transversely
thereof at lengthwise spaced locations therealong by directing the
strip through coacting toothed faces of meshing bevel gears, while
rotating the gears about axes disposed in a common plane to cause
driving of the gears and drawing of the strip of material through
the gears, said directing comprising feeding the strip obliquely
toward said plane and between the faces of the meshed bevel
gears.
2. A method in accordance with claim 1 including cutting said
coiled strip into lengths.
3. In a method of producing cushioning dunnage comprising, taking a
web of sheetlike material such as paper, crumpling it down into a
relatively narrow strip of material, and then forming said strip by
pressure into elongated generally helically coiled form, and
including the step of periodically interrupting the formation of
said strip into regular helically coiled form and producing spaced
malformed noncoiled portions in the coiled strip along the
lengthwise extent thereof.
4. In a method for producing lightweight, high-bulk cushioning
dunnage comprising taking a web of flexible sheetlike stock
material, such as paper, drawing the web lengthwise thereof while
forming said web into generally tubularlike shape, and including
engaging the web of material from one side thereof by forming means
to concave the sheetlike material in a direction transversely
thereof and thus urge and guide the sheetlike material toward
generally tubularlike configuration, and generally radially loosely
crumpling the formed material, and securing the crumpled
tubularlike article lengthwise thereof to maintain its
configuration.
5. A method in accordance with claim 4 including utilizing a
plurality of webs of sheetlike material and forming said plurality
of webs into said generally tubularlike shape with one web being
generally interposed within the adjacent web, and then performing
said securing of the article by stitching the tubularlike article
lengthwise thereof to form the material into an integral
product.
6. A method in accordance with claim 4 wherein said web is formed
into said generally tubularlike configuration by moving the
lengthwise edges of the web inwardly toward one another and loosely
crumpling the web generally radially inwardly, and then performing
said securing by stitching by pressure deformation of the
tubularlike article along the lengthwise extent of the juncture of
said edges to maintain the product in said generally tubularlike
configuration.
7. A method in accordance with claim 4 including utilizing a
plurality of webs of sheetlike material and forming said webs into
integral generally tubularlike shape with one web generally
interposed within the adjacent web, and then performing said
securing by stitching the tubularlike article along the lengthwise
extent thereof to maintain the webs as an integral product.
8. A method in accordance with claim 1 wherein the sheetlike stock
material is maintained in compact dense condition, such as in roll
form prior to formation into said dunnage, and pulling the web of
stock material from said roll.
9. A method in accordance with claim 4 wherein the sheetlike stock
material is maintained in compact dense condition, such as in roll
form prior to formation into said dunnage, and pulling the web of
stock material from said roll.
10. A method in accordance with claim 1 including the step of
utilizing said method at the point of packing operations for
efficient transmittal of resilient dunnage product directly into
containers being packed.
11. A method in accordance with claim 4 including the step of
utilizing said method at the point of packing operations for
efficient transmittal of resilient dunnage product directly into
containers being packed.
12. In a method of producing cushioning dunnage comprising, taking
a web of sheetlike and wherein such as paper, crumpling it down
into a relatively narrow strip of material, forming said strip by
pressure into elongated generally helically coiled form, and
wherein said crumpling includes folding the material into a
generally flattened relatively narrow strip form, moving the
flattened strip between roller means to compress the same, and then
pressing the strip around a helical mandrel while engaging the
strip from the other side thereof and around said mandrel to
compress the strip into helical coil like form.
13. In a method of producing cushioning dunnage comprising taking a
web of sheetlike material, such as paper, crumpling the web of
material down into an elongated relatively narrow strip by drawing
the material through a funnellike member, and forming said strip by
pressure into elongated generally helical coiled form by coining
the strip generally transversely thereof at lengthwise spaced
location therealong by directing the strip through coacting toothed
faces of meshing driven bevel gears and at an angle, the axis of
which extends obliquely toward a plane containing the axes of
rotation of said gears whereby the coiled strip rotates about its
lengthwise axis as it is emitted from between said gears, and
periodically engaging the distal end of the strip of material
downstream from said gears by frictional engagement with an
abutment means for preventing formation of said strip into regular
helical coiled form but instead causing the strip to periodically
kink and interrupt the regular helical coil configuration thereof
as produced by the gears, due to the holding frictional coaction of
the rotating coiled strip with said abutment means, whereby spaced
malformed noncoiled portions are formed in the coil strip along the
lengthwise extent thereof.
14. A method in accordance with claim 4 including mounting a roll
of sheetlike stock material for rotation about its lengthwise axis,
drawing the material from the roll to accomplish said forming and
said crumpling, and said securing comprising stitching by pressure
deformation of the tubular like article along the lengthwise extent
of the juncture of the edges of said formed web to maintain the
product in generally tubular like configuration.
Description
This invention relates in general to methods for producing packing
material or cushioning dunnage as it is known in the art, and more
particularly dunnage producing methods embodying procedures for
converting a continuous web of sheetlike material such as paper,
into generally resilient lengths of dunnage for use in packing and
cushioning articles or products in shipping containers and the
like.
Various mechanisms and methods are known in the art for producing
lengths of packing material for use in packing fragile or breakable
articles in enclosing containers. One such mechanism is disclosed
in U.S. Pat. No. 2,882,802 issued Apr. 21, 1959 to Charles Robert
Walker and entitled CRUMPLING DEVICE. However, such prior art
mechanisms and methods are either too complex for the quality of
dunnage produced or they do not produce dunnage for packing
material which has suitable resiliency, for giving good cushioning
protection to articles disposed in shipping containers.
Accordingly, the general practice has been to crumple paper
material manually with the packers crumpling the material and
placing it into the containers as needed. The latter method is
inefficient and time consuming. Various other types of dunnage,
such as for instance, plastic dunnage are known in the art, but
these other types generally either require too much storage space
or are too expensive for universal use.
The present invention provides novel methods for effectively and
efficiently producing paper dunnage, the latter having considerable
resiliency for greatly improving the cushioning characteristics of
the packing material or dunnage. The invention also provides novel
and economical methods of producing packing material or dunnage
which has resiliency characteristics heretofore unknown.
Accordingly, an object of the invention is to provide a novel
method for producing dunnage or packing material.
A further object is to provide a method of the latter type which
includes crumpling sheetlike material, such as paper, into
relatively narrow strip form and then forming the strip into
helically coiled form.
A further object of the invention is to provide a method of
producing cushioning dunnage from sheetlike material including
passing the sheetlike material through crumpler means and then
through intermeshing gear means to form the sheetlike material into
a relatively narrow strip while intermittently compressing the
strip of crumpled sheet material.
A still further object of the invention is to provide a novel
method including taking sheetlike material from a roll, crumpling
the sheetlike material into an elongated continuous strip and
coiling the strip of material into permanent irregular helical coil
form.
A further object of the invention is to provide a novel method
including taking a plurality of webs of sheetlike material and
combining and forming the plurality of webs into an integral highly
resilient dunnage product of tubular padlike construction.
A still further object of the invention is to provide a novel
method for making cushioning dunnage and which utilizes sheetlike
stock material for producing the dunnage with such sheetlike stock
material being able to be stored in compact dense condition
requiring relatively little cubic feet for storage, and which stock
material is expanded many times over in the formation of the latter
into a dunnage product, and wherein the method or process can be
effectively utilized at the point of packing operations for
efficient transmittal of the resilient dunnage product directly
into the containers being packed.
A further object of the invention is to provide a novel method for
making cushioning dunnage which comprises taking paper sheet stock
material and engaging it from one side thereof to concave the sheet
material in a direction transverse thereof to urge the sheet
material toward generally tubularlike configuration, radially
crumpling the tubularlike product, and then stitching the
tubularlike product lengthwise thereof to maintain it in resilient
tubularlike form.
A further object is to provide the latter method utilizing a
plurality of sheets of paper stock material in coacting engaged
relation to form the resilient tubularlike product.
Other objects and advantages of the invention will be apparent from
the following description taken in conjunction with the
accompanying drawings wherein:
FIG. 1 is a diagrammatic front elevational view showing one
embodiment of the invention with the sheetlike material being drawn
through crumpler means in the form of a funnellike mechanism, to
form an elongated crumpled strip or rope of material for
dunnage;
FIG. 2 is a side elevational view of the FIG. 1 mechanism;
FIG. 3 is an enlarged top plan view of a section of the dunnage
strip as formed by the mechanism of FIGS. 1 and 2;
FIG. 4 is an enlarged sectional view of the dunnage strip taken
generally along the plane of line 4--4 of FIG. 3, looking in the
direction of the arrows;
FIG. 5 is a generally diagrammatic perspective illustration of a
dunnage producing mechanism illustrating a preferred embodiment
thereof, and one utilizing miter bevel gears for drawing the sheet
material through crumpler means, to form the resultant relatively
narrow strip or rope of material into coiled or spiral form;
FIG. 6 is a top plan, diagrammatic illustration of the mechanism
illustrated in FIG. 5;
FIG. 7 is a reduced size, fragmentary perspective view of the
mechanism illustrated in FIGS. 5 and 6, and illustrating a kinker
mechanism coacting therewith, for preventing the strip of dunnage
from being coiled into symmetrical or regular helical form, so as
to reduce the density of the dunnage;
FIG. 8 is an elevational view of a section of the dunnage formed by
the mechanism of FIGS. 5 through 7;
FIG. 9 is a sectional view taken along the plane of line 9--9 of
FIG. 8;
FIG. 9A is a fragmentary, enlarged elevational view of a section of
the dunnage of FIG. 8 showing the generally corrugated
configuration thereof;
FIG. 10 is a fragmentary elevational, generally diagrammatic view
illustrating a mechanism adapted for use with the dunnage mechanism
of FIGS. 5 and 6 for producing predetermined weights or a quantity
or slug (as they will be hereinafter called) of the dunnage
material;
FIG. 11 is a diagrammatic, sectional view of a shipping container
with an article packed therein with a quantity of the dunnage
material illustrated in FIG. 8;
FIG. 12 is a fragmentary elevational view generally similar to FIG.
1 but illustrating another embodiment of the invention, and one
utilizing spur gear means for drawing the sheetlike material
through the crumpler mechanism, to produce a strip or rope of
coined or intermittently compressed dunnage;
FIG. 13 is a fragmentary side elevational view of the FIG. 12
mechanism;
FIG. 14 is an enlarged top plan view of a section of the dunnage
produced by the mechanism of FIGS. 12 and 13;
FIG. 15 is a side elevational view of the dunnage of FIG. 14;
FIG. 16 is a top plan view of a piece of dunnage produced in a
dunnage mechanism generally similar to that of FIGS. 12 and 13 but
wherein helical gears are utilized instead of spur gears, for
drawing the sheetlike material through the crumpler and to coin the
strip of dunnage;
FIG. 17 is a fragmentary, enlarged diagrammatic illustration of
another embodiment of dunnage producing mechanism utilizing a belt
operating on a spiral like rod or mandrel, for forming a strip or
rope of sheetlike material, which has been previously formed into
strip or rope form by a crumpler or folder means, into a coiled
strip or rope of dunnage;
FIG. 18 is a reduced size, top plan view of the mechanism
illustrated in FIG. 17;
FIG. 19 is a side elevational view of the FIG. 18 mechanism;
FIG. 20 is an enlarged, perspective, fragmentary view of a piece of
the sheetlike material as folded into striplike or ropelike form by
the crumpler or folder means of the FIG. 17 mechanism;
FIG. 21 is an enlarged, fragmentary, illustration of a section of
the coiled dunnage as formed by the spiral mandrel and coacting
belt of the FIG. 17 mechanism;
FIG. 22 is a reduced size, generally diagrammatic illustration of
the belt utilized in the FIGS. 17-19 mechanism and illustrating the
full twist formed in the belt for effective coaction with the
spiral mandrel for producing the coiled configuration of
dunnage;
FIG. 23 is a partially broken front elevation of a further
embodiment of dunnage producing mechanism and one utilizing a
plurality of webs of sheetlike material for forming a resilient
tubularlike dunnage product of low density;
FIG. 24 is a partially broken side elevational view of the FIG. 23
embodiment;
FIG. 25 is an elevational view of a section of dunnage produced by
the dunnage producing mechanism of for instance FIGS. 5-7, and
wherein the formed coils are not as tight as those of the FIG. 8
dunnage, and the strip or rope of paper material is not compressed
to the extent of that of the FIG. 8 dunnage;
FIG. 26 is a sectional view taken generally along the plane of line
26--26 of FIG. 25;
FIG. 27 is an elevational view of a section of tubularlike dunnage
produced by the mechanism of FIGS. 23 and 24;
FIG. 28 is a sectional view taken generally along the plane of line
28-28 of FIG. 27;
FIG. 29 is an elevational view of a modified form of tubularlike
dunnage, which is coined only on one lengthwise edge thereof
instead of on both lengthwise edges as in the FIG. 27
embodiment;
FIG. 30 is a sectional view taken generally along the plane of line
30--30 of FIG. 29; and
FIG. 31 is a diagrammatic top plan view of the geared cutter
mechanism of the FIGS. 23 and 24 machine, illustrating the cutting
geometrics thereof.
Referring now again to the drawings, FIG. 1 illustrates a roll 10
of sheetlike material 14 supported on trunnions 10a with a crumpler
means 12 being preferably disposed in generally vertical downwardly
spaced relation to the roll 10, and through which the sheetlike
material 14 is adapted to move to form such sheetlike material into
a relative narrow continuous strip or rope 16. A suitable sheetlike
material has been found to be Kraft paper having a density of 47.5
pounds per cubic foot. It will be understood however that other
types of papers and other sheetlike materials would also be
satisfactory.
The crumpler mechanism 12, in the embodiment illustrated, comprises
a funnellike device having a widened mouth portion 18 and a
relatively narrow discharge end portion 20, thereby causing a
gathering of the sheetlike material 14 as it comes off the roll and
formation of such material into a relatively narrow strip or rope
as it exits from the discharge end 20.
Means 22 may be provided for pulling the sheetlike material through
the crumpler 12, and in the embodiment illustrated such means
comprises a pair of rotatable rolls 24, 24a (such as rubber
rollers) which may be drivingly connected to one another by means
of gearing 26 at the ends thereof, and with one of said rolls (e.g.
24) being operatively coupled to a preferably variable speed, power
unit 28, such as an electric motor, for rotating the rolls.
It will be seen that upon energization of the motor 28, the rolls
24, 24a are driven to cause drawing of the sheet material through
the crumpler 12. The outer surfaces of the rolls 24, 24a may be
serrated, especially if they are formed of a material of low
coefficient of friction, so as to increase the frictional coaction
with the strip emitting from the discharge end 20 of the crumpler.
A braking device comprising in the embodiment illustrated a strip
of material 29 anchored as at 29a and coacting in frictional
engagement with roll 10, may be provided to prevent overrunning of
the roll. As will be seen weight 30 attached to strip 29, maintains
the frictional coaction between the roll 10 and strip 29. As can be
best seen in FIG. 2 as the relatively narrow rope or strip 16 of
material passes through or is drawn between the rolls 24, 24a, such
rope or strip is preferably reduced in thickness and may increase
slightly in width. However, it will be understood that the strip of
material after it passes between the rolls 24, 24a still has
resiliency thereto due to the multitude of crumpled folds of
material, (FIG. 4) and thus is not in a totally flattened and
nonresilient condition. Preferably the spacing between rolls 24,
24a is adjustable so that the degree of flattening of the strip 16
can be varied. As can be seen from FIGS. 3 and 4, the finished
generally flattened strip of dunnage material is of generally
irregular configuration and is formed of plies or folds of the
sheet material 14 as it is crumpled together by the crumpler
mechanism 12.
A cutter mechanism 31 of any suitable type may be provided for
cutting the strip of dunnage material after it is formed by
crumpler 12 and rolls 24, 24a, into suitable length sections for
use as dunnage. Such cutter mechanism may comprise a conventional
pivotal knife which may be either manually or power operated, and
preferably is under the selective control of the operator. The
dunnage strip sections may be of any desired length, and may be fed
from the dunnage producing mechanism directly into the shipping
container or the like in which articles are being packed, or such
dunnage strip may be cut into predetermined length sections, and
then placed in the shipping container in mass.
Referring now to FIGS. 5 and 6 which illustrates a preferred
embodiment of the dunnage producing mechanism, such mechanism may
comprise a support 34 for mounting a roll 10 of the sheetlike
material 14, with such support 34 being preferably adjustable with
respect to the platform 36, upon which the support may be mounted
and preferably being adapted to accommodate a variety of roll
widths. The crumpler means 38 of the FIG. 5 mechanism may comprise
a funnellike arrangement somewhat similar to that in the first
embodiment having a widened mouth and a relatively narrow discharge
nozzle portion 39 and with such sheetlike material being adapted to
be pulled though such crumpler means by coacting bevel gear
mechanism 40 which may be rotatively mounted on platform 36. In the
embodiment illustrated, the bevel gear mechanism is miter gearing
and the axis of the nozzle 39 is disposed at an angle of
approximately 371/2.degree. with respect to the horizontal. One of
the bevel gears (e.g. 40a) may be drivingly coupled to a geared
speed reducer 42 as by means of belt and pulley mechanism 44, which
in turn may be coupled to a power means, such as a preferably
variable speed electric motor 46. The other miter gear 40b is
adapted to coact in meshing relation with gear 40a. Gears 40a, 40b
are preferably adjustably mounted so that the degree of meshing can
be selectively varied, and as by means of nuts 48 coacting in
threaded relation with threaded portions of associated shafts 50
rotatably mounting the respective gear 40a or 40b. In other words,
each gear is preferably adjustable in an axial direction, so as to
vary the meshing relation between gears 40a, 40b.
The sheetlike material 14 is adapted to be pulled from the roll 10
thereof through the crumpler 38 by the coacting gears 40a, 40b, and
as it passes between the rotating gears, the strip is coined or
formed by the teeth of the gears as diagrammatically illustrated at
52 in FIG. 8. Moreover passage of the strip of material between the
bevel gears causes the strip to be coiled as it passes through the
gears so that it takes the form of spiral springlike loops 54 which
loops have considerable resiliency and thus afford an extremely
effective type of packing for use in shipping containers and the
like.
The crumpler means 38 is preferably adjustably mounted for
generally horizontal movement with respect to the gear mechanism so
that the discharge end of the nozzle can be moved toward and away
from the meshing gears for varying the "overshoot" of the strip or
rope of crumpled sheet material emitting from the nozzle. Speaking
generally, the closer the nozzle is moved in a forward direction
toward the center of engagement of the miter gears, the greater the
"overshoot" of the crumpled strip with respect to the gears, and
the less of the material of the crumpled rope or strip that
actually passes between the teeth of the coacting gears (some of
the material passing downwardly exteriorly of the teeth of the
gears). Accordingly, the greater the "overshoot," the looser the
coils of the spiral like dunnage product. Moreover, varying the
nozzle diameter will also vary the dunnage product, with a larger
diameter nozzle generally producing a dunnage product having looser
coils or, in other words, dunnage having less coils per unit length
as compared to a smaller diameter nozzle. Nozzle diameters of
between three-eights inches to one-half inches in increments of
one-sixteenth inch have been tried and found to operate
satisfactorily using 6-inch wide, 30-pound Kraft paper, with miter
gears possessing a pitch diameter of 1.5 inches.
Varying the meshing relation between the gears from, for instance,
a tight meshing relation to a loose meshing relation also will vary
the dunnage product, with a tight gear mesh producing a dunnage
product having tighter coils than a dunnage product produced on a
loose gear mesh. It will be understood, of course, that in any
event there has to be sufficient play between the gears to prevent
binding of the latter as the rope of crumpled sheet material passes
between the teeth thereof. Gear teeth overlap of approximately one
thirty-second of an inch may be considered a generally loose gear
mesh, while a tooth overlap of approximately three thirty-seconds
of an inch may be considered a generally tight gear mesh, utilizing
the stock sheet material and miter gears aforementioned. FIGS. 25
and 26 illustrate a less dense dunnage product produced with looser
coils than that of the FIG. 8 dunnage, and with a loose mesh
relation of the gears, and relatively great overshoot for the
mechanism as above described.
Since the strip 55 of material exits in coil or spiral form as it
passes between the gears, a shielding means 56 is preferably
provided in partially encircling relation to the underside of the
gears and through which the coiled strip of material passes, so as
to prevent the spiral strip from passing back upwardly into the
rotating gears after exiting therefrom. It will be seen that if a
coiled strip coming between the gears attempts to move upwardly it
will engage the downwardly sloping surface of the half conical like
shield 56, and be urged downwardly away from the gears, thus
preventing movement of the coiled strip back into the coacting
gears.
Disposed below the shield means 56 may be a cutter mechanism 58 of
any suitable type, for cutting the strip of coiled dunnage into
lengths, if desired, for use as dunnage.
The strip of material being emitted from between the miter gears
40a, 40b, if it is in symmetrical or regular helical form so that
it is collapsible and expansible much like a spring, will not
provide optimum dunnage, as if the strip of material is instead in
irregular coil or spiral form. In order to prevent symmetrical
collapsing of the spiral dunnage, there is preferably a kink or
spiral malformation 60 (FIG. 8) formed in the strip at random
locations along its length, so that upon collapsing of the section
of dunnage formed from such strip material, the dunnage will not
completely collapse into symmetrical coiled form, but instead will
still be disposed in irregular or tangled form. A mass of the
dunnage material in irregular or tangled condition is illustrated
in FIG. 11 in a shipping container 62 and surrounding an article A
and it will be understood that while certain of the coils or
spirals 54 may collapse into symmetrical coiled form during
retraction or compression of the dunnage section, that the
malformed portion 60 which may extend in generally vertical planes
as opposed to the generally obliquely horizontal planes of
extension of the spirals, prevent complete symmetrical collapsing
into coiled form, and result in off setting of the spiral sections
from axial alignment with one another during axial compression of
the dunnage strip, resulting in a tangled and highly resilient mass
of dunnage. Thus it will be seen that the dunnage strip sections do
not completely collapse but from an irregular configuration for
giving less density and greater resiliency to the dunnage mass.
Now, in order to insure that the corrugated or ribbed strip
material being emitted from between the gears in coiled form will
not be formed into regular coils or spirals but will be provided
with the aforementioned kinks malformed portions 60, a means may be
provided for interrupting the regular coil or spiral formation of
the dunnage strip produced from its passage through the bevel
gears, and causing the strip of material to be kinked or reversed
in its spiral formation, thus interrupting the regular coil
configuration being formed by the gears. It will be understood that
as the strip of material is emitted in generally spiral form from
between the gears 40a, 40b, the lower end of the spiral strip is
moving in a generally rotary path about the lengthwise axis of the
spiral. Accordingly, in order to interrupt the formation of a
regular spiral or helical configuration, a resistance to this
rotary movement of the lower portion of the spiral strip results in
the formation of the malformed or kinked portions 60 of the dunnage
strip.
This means for applying a resistance or interruption of the regular
spiral production of the strip in the embodiment illustrated in FIG
. 7, comprises a cylindricallike housing 66 open at the top thereof
and encompassing the shielding means 56 and which has an openable
bottom wall 66a pivoted as at 67 to the housing so that as the
strip of material coils down from the gears, the frictional
engagement thereof with bottom wall 66a will cause a reversal of
the regular coiling formed by the gears, thus making the malformed
portions 60 in the spiral strip. The bottom wall may be
counterbalanced as at 70, so that upon relatively slight
predetermined pressure due to engagement of the spiral dunnage with
the door, the door will tip downwardly about its pivot and permit
the coiled material to be emitted from the housing 56. Housing 56
is preferably readily detachable from coaction with the dunnage
mechanism for ease in assembling and removal.
A work bench 74 (FIG. 5) may serve as the kink producing means
instead of housing 56, since engagement of the lower rotating end
of the spiral strip with the top surface of the work bench will
produce a resistance or drag on the spiraling movement of the strip
resulting in malformed or kink portions 60. Also stuffing or
handling of the dunnage into a container for packing while the
machine is running will also produce the kinked or malformed
portions of the dunnage product.
It will be understood that the number of coils or spirals in a
predetermined length section of the coiled dunnage before kinking
and reversal thereof is not necessarily uniform, since it depends
on how much resistance is provided to the turning or rotation of
the lower end of the strip, as it passes down between the bevel
gears. Other factors appear to be the width of the strip or rope of
material as it comes from the crumpler mechanism and the size of
the bevel gears, so that there are certain variables which can
enter into the formation of the dunnage to affect its ultimate coil
configuration. Miter gears with 1.5 inches to 2 inches pitch
diameter and having respectively 18 and 20 teeth have been used to
produce highly effective dunnage. As can be seen in FIG. 11 when
the dunnage is compressed it does not collapse into regular coil
form due to the fact that the coils are not all symmetrically
formed into a symmetrical helix, but due to the irregular
configuration of the dunnage sections due to the malformed portions
or sections 60, the dunnage resists collapsing and becomes a
resilient mass when packed in a container, which gives good
cushioning to articles packed in the dunnage.
From FIG. 9 it can be seen from the cross section of the dunnage
strip that the latter is formed of layers or folds of the sheetlike
material or paper as compressed between the teeth of the gears,
with the teeth having coined the dunnage strip into generally
wavelike or corrugated form in a direction generally crosswise of
the strip, and as shown in FIG. 9A.
FIGS. 25 and 26 illustrate a coiled form of dunnage produced with
relatively loose coils, by having a relatively loose mesh relation
between the coining gears and by having a relatively great
"overshoot" of the crumpled rope or strip from the crumpler, into
the gears. In other words, the exit end of the nozzle 39 is
relatively close to the center of the engagement between the gears
(say for instance, one-eighth inch back from the center of
engagement ) and the gear teeth have an overlap of approximately
one thirty-second of an inch for a loose mesh relation. Such
dunnage product 75 is of low density, with the intermediate layers
75a of material being loosely formed in the interior of the outer
layer, giving the product low density and high resiliency. The
increased "overshoot" produces an enlarged end portion 77 (in a
direction transverse of the product) which tapers or converges
toward the other end Enlarged or unsqueezed portion 77 is formed
due to the fact that with a relatively great overshoot and a loose
mesh relation, the forward edge of the rope or strip from the
crumpler passes outside or forwardly of the gear teeth and thus is
not coined or squeezed, while the tapered portion passes between
the teeth and is coined or squeezed. However, the loose mesh of the
gears coins the rope or strip materially less than that of the FIG.
8 dunnage product.
FIG. 10 discloses a mechanism for weighing out a predetermined
weight or slug (as it is hereinafter referred to) of the dunnage
material, as produced by the dunnage mechanism of FIGS. 5 and 6.
This mechanism would be usually used where repetitive packaging
requires the same amount of dunnage. Such mechanism may comprise a
metering housing 78 open at the top thereof, and which encloses the
gears 40a, 40b and the aforementioned shield 56, and into which the
dunnage strip as it comes down from between the gears, is adapted
to drop. The bottom wall 78a of the housing may be pivoted to the
housing for opening and closing movements and may have a
counterweight mechanism 80 thereon so that after a predetermined
weight of the strip dunnage has gathered in the housing, the bottom
wall is forced open and the slug of dunnage material passes
downwardly onto a supporting surface or work table 82. The bottom
wall then recloses due to the removal of the weight of the dunnage
therefrom, and the strip may be cut by means of the associated
cutter means 58. Meanwhile, another slug of dunnage is being formed
in the housing. Kinking or malformation of the dunnage occurs in
housing 78 in the manner aforedescribed.
The interior of the housing is preferably completely smooth so that
the slug of dunnage has nothing to catch on in the housing 78, so
that when the bottom door pivots downwardly the slug of dunnage
readily falls downwardly out of the housing. The counterbalance may
comprise a hollow tube 80a having ball weights (not shown)
rollingly mounted therein to increase the sensitivity of the wall
78a and provide for quick dumping and more accurate weighing. In
the closed condition of wall 78a, the weighted end of tube 80a may
be disposed slightly below the horizontal, with a stop being
provided to limit the upward pivotal movement of the counterweight
and associated downward pivotal movement of the door 78a.
Referring to FIG. 12 and 13 there is shown a dunnage mechanism
which is generally similar to that of the type illustrated in FIGS.
1 and 2, except that the mechanism for pulling the strip of
crumpled sheetlike material through the crumpler comprises meshing
gears 84, which in the embodiment illustrated are spur gears. These
spur gears are rotatively mounted with respect to supporting means
86 and may be power driven as means of a preferably variable speed
electric motor 88. The dunnage strip passes through the spur gears
and is coined by the teeth of the gears, and the strip comes out as
an elongated generally linear strip of material. Such dunnage
material due in part to its corrugated configuration 90 (FIGS. 14
and 15) does possess considerable cushioning effect, and may be cut
into suitable sections for providing dunnage for use in packing,
and as shown for instance in FIG. 11. It will be understood, of
course, that the dunnage strip can be fed in one continuous strip
into a packing or shipping carton without cutting it into
predetermined length sections.
The dunnage section illustrated in FIG. 16 is similar to the
dunnage of FIG. 14, except that the gears which coin the strip of
sheetlike material and pull it through the crumpler are helical
gears, thereby giving the strip 92 of dunnage a corrugated
configuration at oblique angles with respect to the lengthwise axis
of the strip. Here again such dunnage possesses considerable
cushioning effect. However, it does not possess the cushioning
effect possessed by the spirally formed dunnage produced by the
FIGS. 5 and 7 mechanism.
Referring now to FIG. 17 there is shown another embodiment of a
dunnage producing mechanism In this embodiment the crumpler
mechanism takes the form of a framework 96 which has a plurality of
converging slats 96a, 96b mounted in a fabricated support 98, with
the slats being offset with respect to one another at their distal
ends and in generally horizontal directions, and being generally
aligned at their proximate ends 100, so as the sheetlike material
14 coming from the vertically oriented rotatable roll 102 (FIG. 19)
is pulled through the slat framework, the sheetlike material is
automatically folded or creased into a generally flat elongated
relatively narrow strip 104 of material, such as shown for instance
in FIG. 20. In this connection it will be seen that the sheetlike
material 14 coming from the roll 102 first passes around the
exterior of generally vertical rib 106 and then passes behind
generally vertically arcuate rib 108 prior to passing through
vertical slot 110 (FIG. 17) in the support 98 and into coaction
with creasing slats 96a, 96b. Rib 108 tensions the web 14 of paper
into a generally vertically concave configuration which aids in the
folding thereof into strip form 104 by crumpler mechanism 96. A
friction braking mechanism 112 anchored as at 112a and 112b
maintains a tension on the material of roll 102 and prevents
overrunning thereof.
The relatively narrow strip of sheetlike material 104 is then
passed between a pair of coacting rollers 114, 114a which are
geared together, as at 115, and with one (e.g. 114) of the rollers
being power driven, so as to actually pull the strip through the
crumpler or folding mechanism 96. The strip may then pass over a
rotatable roller 116, and is fed onto the underside of a belt 118
which coacts with a spiral or helical mandrel 120, to draw the
strip of material around the helix in compressed relation, thus
forming the linear strip 104 of material into a permanent helical
or spiral form, which helical form, as shown in FIG. 21, has a
considerable amount of resiliency both axially and transversely
thereof.
The belt 118 winds around the helical mandrel 120, as at 124 (FIG.
17) and which is set at approximately a 45.degree. angle in a
horizontal plane, with respect to the axis of the roller 116, and
then passes around a large crown-faced pulley or drum 126 which is
power driven as by means of an electric motor 128 and coacting
geared speed reduction unit 130. The belt 118 then extends
forwardly to pass around crown-faced pulley 132 and then beneath
the pulley 132 to coact with roller 116 in drawing the strip 104 of
material coming from crumpler 96, around the spiral mandrel 120.
Roller 116 and pulley 132 may be geared together as at 133.
A chain and sprocket drive mechanism 134 may be used to drive a
pulley 136 which is connected as by means of a belt 138 to pulley
140 (FIG. 18) coupled to one (e.g. 114) of the drawing rollers
which are geared together as aforementioned. Coacting with the belt
118 there may be an idler arm and roller means 142 which places a
predetermined tension on the belt to maintain the belt in tensioned
relationship as it passes around the pulleys 126 and 132. As can be
best seen in FIG. 22, the belt 118 is formed with a full
360.degree. twist, for enabling the belt to coact with the spiral
mandrel 120, in a manner to permit the belt to travel flat without
twist as it moves from the top of 126 to top of 132. A preferably
rotatable guide means 144 coacting with the outer edge of the belt
118 may also be provided for guiding the movement of the belt. The
coiled dunnage as it exits from the outer end of mandrel 120 is
rotating about its lengthwise axis, and curls about takeoff and
guide rod 148 which is sloped downwardly to direct the endless coil
of dunnage along the takeoff rod to a receptacle 150 or the
like.
A cutter mechanism 152 may be provided, which in the embodiment
illustrated comprises a shearslike means 154 through which the
strip of coiled dunnage must pass, in order to coact with the
takeoff rod 148. One of the blades of the shear mechanism may be
coupled to a fluid powered motor unit 156 which may be of the
double-acting cylinder type, and which may be selectively
controlled by an operator to cut the strip of dunnage as it is
emitting from the mandrel 120 and coacting belt 118. Operation of
the cutter mechanism will cut the coiled strip of dunnage into
selected lengths for use as loose packing material. The operator
may preset the machine to automatically cut off desired lengths. It
will be understood that the distal end of the coiled dunnage coming
off the takeoff rod 148 should be free, so as to prevent uncoiling
forces from being applied thereto.
Referring now to FIGS. 23 and 24, there is shown another embodiment
of dunnage-producing mechanism which is adapted in the embodiment
illustrated, to utilize a plurality of webs of a sheetlike material
and to combine and form such plurality of webs into an integral,
resilient, tubularlike construction of cushioning dunnage. It will
be understood that only one web of stock material could also be
used to form a tubularlike dunnage product.
Such mechanism as illustrated may comprise a base support 160
having rack structure 162 mounted thereon, which rack structure is
adapted to support a plurality of spaced rolls 164, 164a of the
sheet or weblike material. As illustrated, the lower roll 164 is
preferably of a lesser width material as compared to the upper roll
164a.
The rolls 164, 164a are rotatably mounted on rack structure 162,
and suitable braking mechanism (not shown) is preferably provided
coacting with the rolls to prevent overrunning of the latter. The
web of sheet material from the respective roll is adapted to be
drawn downwardly into the crumpler mechanism 169 where it is formed
into a generally loose tubularlike configuration after which it is
passed through gear means 170 which stitches or coins together as
least the free lengthwise edges 171, 171a of the tubular-shaped
sheet stock emitting from the crumpler 169, to thus maintain the
multiweb dunnage product in integral assembled tubularlike
condition.
The crumpler 169 in the embodiment illustrated comprises a
funnellike upper portion 172 which gathers in the plurality of webs
coming from the rolls 164, 164a, and a lower, sleeve portion 174
which forms such gathered webs of material into a generally tubular
configuration, and guides the latter into the gear means 170. The
sleeve portion 174 has cutaway portions 174a at its lower end of
providing clearance for the stitcher or coining gear means 170
(FIG. 24) which are adapted to draw the multiweb tubular assembly
down through the crumpler, and to stitch the opposite sides
thereof. As can be best seen in FIG. 24, the gears are so
positioned with respect to the sleeve portion 174 that they will
engage just opposite edges of the multiweb assembly as it passes
from the sleeve portion into the teeth or bite of the gear
means.
In the embodiment illustrated, two sets of coacting spur gears 170
are illustrated, with one gear of each set being power driven as by
means of the motor 178 and associated belt drive 180 coacting with
a pulley 182 fixed to a shaft 184 to which one (186) of the gears
of each set of gear means 170 is keyed or otherwise secured. The
gears of each set are preferably adjustable with respect to one
another so as to provide for varying the mesh clearance.
Extending upwardly from the crumpler 169 and more particularly the
funnel portion 172 of the crumpler 169, may be a bar support 188 to
which is preferably adjustably secured as at 189, a gathering ring
190, oriented in overlying generally centered relationship to the
funnel portion 172, for the purpose of gathering and guiding the
webs from the upper stock roll 164a and the lower stock roll 164,
and guiding them into the funnel portion 172. The web from the
lower roll 164 passes interiorly of ring 190 while the web from
upper roll 164a passes exteriorly of the ring. Extending upwardly
from the distal side of the gathering ring 190 may be a belly
pusher rod 192 (FIG. 24) which is adapted to engage the front face
of the web of material from the upper stock roll 164a and helps to
guide the web into the funnel portion in the tubular forming
operation. Rod 192 preferably has a rounded upper end 194 for
preventing tearing of the web of stock material by the rod during
engagement thereof with the web. As can be best seen in FIG. 24,
the web of material from the upper stock roll is adapted to pass
rearwardly of the rod 192 and down into the funnel to be formed
into generally tubular condition, after which the opposite
lengthwise edges of the formed sleeve of material from both the
upper and lower stock rolls are stitched by the gear means 170.
Disposed above the guide ring 190 may be a forming ring 198, also
projecting outwardly from support 188 into overlying relationship
with respect to the funnel portion 172, and as can be seen in FIG.
24 generally centered thereabove. Forming ring 198 is adapted to
engage the front surface of the web of lower stock roll 164 and to
aid in forming it into generally tubular shape for entry into the
crumpler. Extending downwardly through the crumpler mechanism may
be a guide rod 200 which likewise may be supported on support 188,
and which passes down through the guide ring 190, through the
crumpler 169, to terminate approximately at the support 160. Such
guide rod aids in guiding the plurality of webs from the upper and
lower stock rolls into a tubularlike dunnage product and in
stabilizing and centering the tubular stock material as it passes
through the gear means 170.
The tubular like dunnage product 203 emitting from between the gear
means passes downwardly through an opening 202 (FIG. 23) in the
support 160, and between a cutter mechanism 204 which may be
selectively operated to cut the dunnage product into selected
lengths.
Referring now to FIGS. 27 and 28 it will be seen that the dunnage
product is of generally irregular tubular configuration comprising
an outer layer or envelope 206 formed from the web of material from
upper roll 164a, and generally loosely interleaved inner filler
layers 208 formed primarily from the lower roll 164, all of which
is stitched along opposing lengthwise sides 210 of the product by
the gear means 170. Such a dunnage product has a low density and
high resilience, and results in a dunnage product possessing good
cushioning properties.
FIGS. 29 and 30 disclose a dunnage product 212 produced by a
machine generally similar to that of FIGS. 23 and 24, except
utilizing only one set of gear means so that the tubularlike
dunnage is stitched or coined along only the open edges (as at 214)
with the opposite side edge not being coined. This product likewise
comprises an outer envelope 216 and loosely interleaved inner
layers 218, and giving good cushioning properties.
It has been found that the outer envelope of the tubularlike
dunnage product may be expeditiously formed of a relatively high
strength sheet material, such as for instance Kraft paper, while
the inner filler layers provided by roll 164 may be formed of a
cheaper and less high strength material, such as for instance
newsprint paper. Also, a dunnage product formed from an outer
envelope of a softer sheet material, such as for instance Kraft dry
waxed paper, with the inner filler material formed from the stiffer
standard Kraft thirty pound paper, has been found to provide an
expeditious cushioning dunnage product having dust free and soft
exterior characteristics, while still possessing internal stiffness
for relatively high resiliency.
The aforementioned cutter mechanism 204 may comprise shear blades
220 including arm portions 221 (FIG. 31) which are pivoted to one
another as at 222 and are pivotally mounted as at 223, to a
respective gear 224, 226 disposed in meshing relation, and with a
handle mechanism 228 (FIG. 24) being provided for rotating gear
224, thereby causing rotation of gear 226 and opening and closing
movements of the shear blades. As can be seen from FIG. 31, upon
rotation of the handle of the cutter mechanism to as to cause
rotary movement of the meshed gears in the direction of the full
line arrows, the pivotal axes 223 of the arm portions 221 of the
cutter to the respective gear moves for instance from position 1 to
position 2 wherein the blades 220 are spaced apart as illustrated
by the dashed lines, then to position 3 wherein the blades commence
to close as shown by the dotted lines, then to position 4 wherein
the blades are closed a greater amount as illustrated by the
dot-dashed lines, with the blades being extended forwardly to their
forwardmost position, than back to position 1 wherein the blades
are retracted and close, to cause cutting of the dunnage.
Accordingly the dunnage is cut as the blades are being retracted,
and severing of the tubular like dunnage product is accomplished
without tearing thereof.
From the foregoing discussion and accompanying drawings it will be
seen that the invention provides novel methods for producing
dunnage which includes forming sheetlike material from a roll
thereof into an elongated relatively narrow strip or rope, together
with means for drawing the strip through a crumpler means and
forming the strip or rope into helical coiled configuration, to
give substantial resiliency to the dunnage, thus improving the
cushioning characteristics thereof in its use as loose packing
material. Moreover, the invention provides a method for forming a
web of sheetlike material into a tubularlike form of highly
resilient, low density dunnage. The invention also provides a novel
method for producing a dunnage product which has increased
resiliency over dunnage heretofore known, and which is formed from
sheetlike material, such as ordinary Kraft paper, which may be
stored in compact roll form prior to its formation into suitable
dunnage and which may be fed directly from a dunnage producing
mechanism into containers. The invention also provides a novel
method for producing dunnage, which greatly simplifies the
production of dunnage, resulting in economies in such
production.
The terms and expressions which have been used are used as terms of
description and not of limitation, and there is no intention in the
use of such terms and expressions of excluding any equivalents of
any of the features shown or described, or portions thereof, and it
is recognized that various modifications are possible within the
scope of the terms and expressions utilized to define the
invention.
* * * * *