U.S. patent number 3,612,825 [Application Number 04/848,547] was granted by the patent office on 1971-10-12 for windowed high-temperature ovens.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Shatterproof Glass Corporation. Invention is credited to William Byer Chase, Joseph E. Jendrisak, Harold E. McKelvey.
United States Patent |
3,612,825 |
Chase , et al. |
October 12, 1971 |
WINDOWED HIGH-TEMPERATURE OVENS
Abstract
Windowed high-temperature ovens including self-cleaning ovens
and the like, and windowed doors for those ovens, and window
assemblies for installation in such ovens, where the window
assembly has at least three spaced parallel glass window panels
secured in alignment with two of such panels near the oven cavity
enclosing a dead-air or insulating space, and a third of such glass
window panels separated from the oven cavity by two dead-air space
enclosing glass panels, with the space between the third panel and
the two dead-air enclosing panels being ventilated for replacement
of heated air therein by cooler air, and a thin semitransparent
see-through through metal reflector disposed in the ventilated
airspace to reflect substantial proportions of radiant oven heat
and to be cooled by air wash during such ventilation.
Inventors: |
Chase; William Byer
(Northville, MI), Jendrisak; Joseph E. (Northville, MI),
McKelvey; Harold E. (Plymouth, MI) |
Assignee: |
Shatterproof Glass Corporation
(Detroit, MI)
|
Family
ID: |
25303589 |
Appl.
No.: |
04/848,547 |
Filed: |
August 8, 1969 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
219/405; 126/21R;
126/200; 165/122; 219/396; 219/400; 219/522; 392/422; 454/196 |
Current CPC
Class: |
F24C
14/02 (20130101); F24C 15/04 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
F24C
14/02 (20060101); F24C 14/00 (20060101); F27d
011/02 (); A21b 001/22 () |
Field of
Search: |
;219/522,396,400,399,405,347,393,343,347,369 ;165/122 ;98/87-88
;126/110,21A,200,198,21 ;20/56.5 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Mayewsky; Volodymyr Y.
Claims
Having thus described our invention, we claim:
1. In a windowed household self-cleaning oven having a
heat-insulated structure defining an oven cavity, heating means for
heating said oven cavity, controlling means for controlling said
heating means to obtain various temperature combinations in the
oven cavity in the cooking range of about 150.degree. F. to
550.degree. F. and in a cleaning range in excess of about
750.degree. F. but less than about 1,200.degree. F., and at least
three transparent panels secured in said heat-insulated structure
in spaced substantially parallel relation, including a first
transparent panel, a second transparent panel adjacent said first
panel and separated from said oven cavity by said first panel, and
a third transparent panel separated from said first panel by said
second panel, the improvement comprising
means essentially sealing the space between said first and second
panels to provide a dead-air space therebetween;
a thin semitransparent reflective coating on one of the surfaces of
said panels, located between said second and third panels and
formed of a substantially nonchemically reactive metal having a
thermal conductivity in excess of about 40 B.t.u./(ft..sup.2 hr.
.degree. F./in.) at 212.degree. F. and a surface emissivity less
than about 0.50 throughout the temperature range between about
750.degree. F. and 950.degree. F.;
a cool air intake communicating with the space housing said
reflective coating; and
a warm air outlet communicating with the space housing said
reflective coating, so that when heat escapes from said oven cavity
past the dead-air space between said first and second panels,
substantial amounts of said escaping heat impinge upon said
reflective coating, portions of which are reflected back toward
said cavity and other portions of which are absorbed by said
coating, said coating being cooled by the flow of air across it
from said air intake to said air outlet to maintain the outermost
exposed surface of the outermost transparent panel at a temperature
below 265.degree. F.
2. A windowed oven as recited in claim 1 wherein said heating means
are electric.
3. A windowed oven as recited in claim 1 wherein said heating means
are gas.
4. In a windowed household self-cleaning oven having a
heat-insulated structure defining an oven cavity having a front
opening, heating means for heating said cavity, controlling means
for controlling said heating means to obtain various temperature
combinations in the oven cavity in the cooking range of about
150.degree. F. to 550.degree. F. and in a cleaning range in excess
of about 750.degree. F. but less than 1,200.degree. F., a door
operatively mounted in said front opening, and a window mounted in
said door comprised of at least three transparent glass panels in
spaced substantially parallel relation, including a first
transparent glass panel, a second transparent glass panel adjacent
said first panel and separated from said oven cavity by said first
panel, and a third transparent glass panel separated from said
first panel by said second panel, the improvement comprising
means essentially sealing the space in said door between said first
and second panels to provide a dead-air space therebetween adjacent
said oven cavity;
a thin semitransparent reflective coating located between said
second and third panels on one of the surfaces of said panels, said
coating formed of a substantially nonchemically reactive metal
having a thermal conductivity in excess of about 40
B.t.u./(ft..sup.2 hr. .degree. F./in.) at 212.degree. F. and a
surface emissivity less than about 0.50 throughout the temperature
range between about 750.degree. F. and 950.degree. F.;
a cool air intake at the bottom of said door communicating with the
space housing said reflective coating; and
a warm air outlet at the top of said door communicating with the
space housing said reflective coating, so that when heat escapes
from said oven cavity past the dead-air space between said first
and second panels, substantial amounts of said escaping heat
impinge upon said reflective coating, portions of which are
reflected back toward said cavity and other portions of which are
absorbed by said coating, said coating being cooled by the flow of
air across it through said door from said air intake to said air
outlet to reduce the amount of heat transmitted to the outermost
transparent panel and maintain the outermost exposed surface of
such panel at a temperature below 265.degree. F.
5. A windowed oven as recited in claim 4 wherein said thin
reflective coating is foraminous and the ratio of the total
reflective surface area of said coating to the total area of the
foramens in said coating is between about 3:1 and 1:2.
6. A windowed oven as recited in claim 5 wherein said coating is
foraminous and the foramens have an area greater than about
one-sixteenth square inch; and wherein said first panel is of
borosilicate glass.
7. A windowed oven as recited in claim 6 wherein said reflector has
a thickness not greater than about 1,500 Angstroms.
8. A windowed oven as recited in claim 7 wherein the principal
component of said coating is gold, platinum, or an alloy of either
or both of such metals.
9. A windowed oven as recited in claim 4 wherein said thin
reflective coating is foraminous, and the foramens in said
foraminous coating have an average area not greater than about
one-sixteenth sq. in.
10. A windowed oven as recited in claim 4 wherein said reflector
has a thickness not greater than about 200 Angstroms.
11. A windowed oven as recited in claim 7 wherein the principal
component of said coating is gold, platinum, or an alloy of either
or both gold and platinum.
12. A windowed oven as recited in claim 4 wherein said thin
reflective coating is foraminous and the ratio of the total
reflective surface area of said coating to the total area of the
foramens in said coating is about 3:2.
13. A windowed oven as recited in claim 4 wherein the principal
component of said coating is gold, platinum, or an alloy of either
or both gold or platinum.
14. A windowed oven as recited in claim 4 wherein said coating has
a thickness not greater than about 1,500 Angstroms.
15. In a windowed household self-cleaning oven having a
heat-insulated structure defining an oven cavity, said
heat-insulated structure having an opening, heating means for
heating said oven cavity, and controlling means for controlling
said heating means to obtain various temperature combinations in
the oven cavity in the cooking range of about 150.degree. F. to
550.degree. F. and in a cleaning range in excess of about
750.degree. F. but less than about 1,200.degree. F., the
improvement comprising
four transparent glass panels secured in said opening in said
heat-insulated structure in spaced substantially parallel relation,
including a first transparent glass panel, a second transparent
glass panel adjacent said first panel and separated from said oven
cavity by said first panel, a third transparent glass panel
separated from said first panel by said second panel, and a fourth
transparent glass panel located between said second and third
panels;
means essentially sealing the space between said first and second
panels to provide a dead-air space therebetween;
a thin semitransparent reflective coating located between said
second and third panels on a surface of one of said second, third
and second fourth transparent panels, said coating formed of a
substantially nonchemically reactive metal having a thermal
conductivity in excess of about 40 B.t.u./(ft..sup.2 hr. .degree.
F./in.) at 212.degree. F. and a surface emissivity less than about
0.50 throughout the temperature range between about 750.degree. F.
and 950.degree. F.;
a cool air intake at the bottom of the space housing said
reflective coating; and
a warm air outlet at the top of the space housing said reflective
coating so that when heat escapes from said oven cavity past the
dead-air space between said first and second panels, substantial
amounts of said escaping heat impinge upon said reflective coating,
portions of which are reflected back toward said cavity and other
portions of which are absorbed by said coating, said coating being
cooled by the flow of air across it from said air intake to said
air outlet to maintain the outermost exposed surface of the
outermost transparent panel at a temperature below 265.degree.
F.
16. A windowed oven as recited in claim 15 wherein said coating is
foraminous and the ratio of the total reflective surface area of
said coating to the total area of the foramens in said coating is
about 3:2.
17. A windowed oven as recited in claim 15 wherein said coating is
foraminous and the ratio of the total reflective surface area of
said coating to the total area of the foramens in said coating is
between about 3:1 and 1:2.
18. A windowed oven as recited in claim 17 wherein said coating has
a thickness of about 1,500 Angstroms or less.
19. A windowed oven as recited in claim 18 wherein said coating is
foraminous and the foramens in said foraminous coating have an
average area not greater than about one-sixteenth square inch.
20. A windowed oven as recited in claim 15 wherein the principal
component of said coating is gold, platinum, or an alloy of either
or both gold or platinum.
21. A windowed oven as recited in claim 15 wherein said coating is
foraminous and the foramens in said foraminous coating have an
average area not greater than about 0.02 square inch.
22. A windowed oven as recited in claim 15 wherein said coating has
a thickness not greater than about 1,500 Angstroms.
23. In a windowed household self-cleaning oven having a
heat-insulated structure defining an oven cavity, said
heat-insulated structure having an opening, heating means for
heating said oven cavity, and controlling means for controlling
said heating means to obtain various temperature combinations in
the oven cavity in the cooking range of about 150.degree. F. to
550.degree. F. and in a cleaning range in excess of about
750.degree. F. but less than about 1,200.degree. F., the
improvement comprising
four transparent panels secured in said opening in said
heat-insulated structure in spaced substantially parallel relation,
including a first transparent panel, a second transparent panel
adjacent said first panel and separated from said oven cavity by
said first panel, a third transparent panel separated from said
first panel by said second panel, and a fourth transparent panel
located between said second and third panels;
means essentially sealing the space between said first and second
panels to provide a dead-air space therebetween;
a thin semitransparent reflective coating on the outermost surface
of said second panel, said coating formed of a substantially
nonchemically reactive metal having a thermal conductivity in
excess of about 40 B.t.u./(ft..sup.2 hr. .degree. F./in.) at
212.degree. F. and a surface emissivity less than about 0.50
throughout the temperature range between about 750.degree. F. and
950.degree. F.;
a cool air intake at the bottom of the space housing said
reflective coating; and
a warm air outlet at the top of the space housing said reflective
coating so that when heat escapes from said oven cavity past the
dead-air space between said first and second panels, substantial
amounts of said escaping heat impinge upon the innermost surface of
said reflective coating, portions of which are reflected back
toward said cavity and other portions of which are absorbed by said
coating, the outermost surface of said coating being cooled by the
flow of air across it from said air intake to said air outlet to
maintain the outermost exposed surface of the outermost transparent
panel at a temperature below 265.degree. F.
Description
THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to high-temperature ovens, and to
window assemblies in and for such ovens and their doors, and, more
particularly, to windowed self-cleaning ovens and window assemblies
and windowed doors therefor.
The construction and operation of self-cleaning ovens is well known
in the art. See, for example, Hurko U.S. Pat. No. 3,121,158. While
the cooking range of an oven is typically between 150.degree. and
550.degree. F., cleaning is by raising the oven temperature to
between about 750.degree. and 950.degree. F.
Windowed ovens and windowed oven doors likewise have been well
known in the art and permit one to observe food cooking without
losing oven heat by opening the oven door.
Nevertheless, windowed self-cleaning ovens have been somewhat
impractical since, during cleaning, relatively large amounts of
heat escape through the window, greatly reducing the efficiency of
the cleaning operation and causing uneven heat distribution in the
oven itself, and also because the oven window becomes exceedingly
hot, much hotter than the remainder of the oven exterior, thereby
creating a safety hazard.
One solution to these problems has been to provide a movable opaque
metal shield which is placed across the window during cleaning. It
has been necessary to provide a safety mechanism which prevents
activation of the cleaning cycle unless the movable shield is in
place. This has been relatively costly and inconvenient to use and
it has not been wholly effective in preventing heat loss or keeping
the window temperature within safe limits.
Briefly, the present invention overcomes these problems by
providing an oven window which includes two spaced parallel glass
panels disposed innermost with their peripheral edges surrounded by
a wraparound member forming an enclosed chamber or dead-air space
between the panels; at least one additional window panel spaced
outwardly from the two inner panels; means for ventilating the
space between this additional panel and the inner panes; and, a
reflective, semitransparent, highly conductive metal grid disposed
in said ventilated space, preferably on the outer surface of the
outer panel of the aforesaid inner pair of panels. The dead-air
space between the inner panels serves as a partial insulator. The
semitransparent reflective metal grid permits a view of the oven
interior but reflects back into the oven cavity a portion of the
heat passing through the dead-air space. The grid also absorbs a
certain amount of heat from the glass panel on which it is
disposed. The grid and the outer panel of the inner pair of panels
are cooled by the wash of air during ventilation of the outer
airspace. Cooling of the grid is facilitated by its high thermal
conductivity. Accordingly, the present invention provides a
relatively cool outer window surface and retains a relatively large
amount of heat in the oven cavity.
Thus, it is a primary object of the invention to provide a windowed
high-temperature oven such as a windowed self-cleaning oven.
A further object of the present invention is to provide a window
for high-temperature ovens which will minimize heat loss through
the window.
A further object of the present invention is to provide a window
for high-temperature ovens which will minimize heat loss
therethrough, but which will provide adequate visibility of the
oven interior.
A further object of the present invention is to provide a window
for self-cleaning ovens in which the temperature of the outer
window panel will not exceed the manufacturers' recommended safety
level.
A further object of the present invention is to provide a
high-temperature self-cleaning oven with a windowed door in which
no part of the outer window panel will exceed 230.degree. F. when
the oven is in the heat-cleaning cycle of about 750.degree. to
950.degree. F. for 2 hours in 70.degree. F. ambient air.
A further object of the present invention is to provide a low-cost
window assembly or windowed oven door for high-temperature
self-cleaning ovens.
A further object of the present invention is to provide a window
assembly or windowed oven door for high-temperature self-cleaning
ovens which does not require inconvenient or expensive safety
mechanisms such as movable shields.
Further objects and advantages of the present invention will become
apparent as the description proceeds.
To the accomplishment of the foregoing and related ends, the
invention comprises the features hereinafter fully described and
particularly pointed out in the claims, the following description
and the annexed drawing setting forth in detail certain
illustrative embodiments of the invention, these being indicative,
however, of but a few of the various things in which the principle
of the invention may be employed.
In the annexed drawing:
FIG. 1 is a side elevational view, partly broken away and partly in
section, of a household range embodying the present invention;
FIG. 2 is an enlarged fragmentary section elevational view of the
door of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is an enlarged fragmentary perspective sectional view of the
door of FIG. 1;
FIG. 4 is an enlarged fragmentary view of one corner of the door
taken along the lines 4--4 of FIG. 5 showing the reflective metal
grid;
FIG. 5 is an enlarged elevational view partly broken away and
partly in section, taken along the line 5--5 of FIG. 6;
FIG. 6 is a perspective view of a second embodiment of the
invention; and
FIg. 7 is a perspective view of a third embodiment of the present
invention .
Referring now to the drawings in detail, there is shown in FIGS. 1
to 3 a household free-standing electric self-cleaning range 1
having a top cooking surface 2 with a plurality of surface heating
elements 3, an oven cavity 4 directly beneath the top cooking
surface 2 and formed by a boxlike oven liner 5 cooperating with a
front-opening drop door 6. The oven cavity 4 is supplied with two
standard heating elements, namely, a lower baking element 7 and an
upper broiling element 8. Suitable thermal insulation 9 such as
fiberglass or the like surrounds the oven liner 5 to retain that
heat developed by the heating units 7 and 8 in the oven cavity 4
for a more efficient utilization of the heating energy as well as
to retain the outer surface of the range body 10 at a relatively
cool temperature which would not be injurious to the human
touch.
An oven lamp 11 is arranged in the rear wall 12 of the oven liner 5
to illuminate the oven cavity 4 in a conventional manner. Further,
the opposite sidewalls of the oven liner carry the usual
shelf-supporting means (not shown) which support one or more
removable shelves in the oven cavity in the usual manner.
The range 1 is provided along the back edge of the top cooking
surface with a raised backsplash 14 which contains the various
circuit control elements, switches, thermostats, clocktimers, etc.,
which enable the housewife to control the various heating elements
of both the top cooking surface 2 and oven 4. Preferably, the
heating elements and their switches are arranged to provide the
normal cooking operations and the high-temperature self-cleaning
operations.
As best seen in FIG. 2, the windowed oven door 6 has a frame 15
which is generally of sheet metal construction and includes a front
or outer door panel 16, a middle door panel 17, and a rear or inner
door panel 18. The front door panel 16 has a narrow rearwardly
turned peripheral flange 19. The middle door panel 17 is of mating
construction with the outer door panel 16 having a front-turned
peripheral flange 20 which fits within the flange 19 of the front
door panel 16.
The rear door panel 18 has a narrow front-turned peripheral flange
21 and is mounted on the rear surface of the middle door panel 17.
The inner door panel 18 has a diameter roughly corresponding to the
inner diameter of the oven opening and, when the door 6 is in the
closed position, the inner door panel 18 projects slightly into the
oven cavity in the manner of a plug, whereas the middle door panel
17 overlays the oven opening. A vapor and heat-resistant gasket 22
is fastened to the middle door panel 17 around the periphery of the
inner door panel 18 to prevent escape of heat and vapor around the
door edges.
A handle 23 is mounted on the outer surface of the front door panel
16 at the top portion of the oven door 6 and the door 6 is hinged
at its bottom edge to the range body.
A window assembly or unit 24 is located in the oven door 6 and is
constructed according to the present invention to maintain its
outermost glass panel at a relatively low temperature when the oven
is operating in the high-temperature cleaning range of about
750.degree. to 950.degree. F. While this is the preferred
temperature range for cleaning operations, the upper limit of this
cleaning temperature range can be as high as about 1,050.degree. F.
Above this temperature, however, the oven is likely to suffer
enamel failure and/or softening of the window glass.
The window assembly 24 includes three spaced substantially parallel
transparent glass panels 28, 29 and 30. Window apertures 25, 26 and
27 are formed in the front, middle and rear door panels 16, 17 and
18 respectively, and are visually registering in the assembled door
6. The three transparent glass panels 28, 29 and 30 are secured in
spaced parallel relation between the front and rear door panels 16
and 18 at those window openings 25, 26 and 27. The glass panels 28,
29 and 30 consist of a first or inner glass panel 28, a second
glass panel 29 adjacent the first panel 28 and separated from the
oven cavity 4 by the first panel 28, and a third or outer glass
panel 30 separated from the first panel 28 by the second panel 29
so that the glass panels 28, 29 and 30 are arranged in the order of
first 28 to second 29 to third 30 proceeding from the oven cavity 4
out to the front of the oven.
A first spacer member 31 is disposed between the first and second
panels 28 and 29 at their peripheral edges, and a second spacer
member 32 is likewise disposed between the second and third panels
29 and 30 at their peripheral edges. A wraparound or clamping
member 33 encloses the peripheral edges of all three glass panels
28 to 30 and cooperates with the spacer members 31 and 32 to secure
the panels 28 to 30 in spaced parallel relation. Vent apertures 34
are provided in the second spacer member 32. Additional vents 45
are also provided in the adjacent region of the wraparound member
33 so that the space between the second and third panels 29 and 30
communicates with the space between the front and middle door
panels 16 and 17. Additional vent apertures 35 are provided in the
upper and lower edges of the door 6 so that heated air may escape
from between the second and third glass panels 29 and 30, through
the oven door 6, and into the ambient atmosphere outside the oven
1.
There are no vent apertures to ventilate the space between the
first and second glass panels 28 and 29, so that such space is a
dead-air space tending to insulate the oven cavity 4 and retard
heat loss at the window 24. Additional dead-air spaces may be
formed by employing additional spaced paralleled transparent panels
if further dead-air insulation is required, although a single
dead-air space is generally satisfactory.
A thin semitransparent metallic reflector 36 (the thickness of
which is greatly exaggerated for purposes of illustration) in the
form of a gridlike or foraminous reflective coating 36 is deposited
on the front or outer surface of the second glass panel 29, so that
the reflector 36 is located in the ventilated or air-wash space
between the second and third glass panels 29 and 30. This reflector
is preferably of gold or platinum or an alloy containing one or
both of these since gold and platinum are highly conductive (having
a thermal conductivity in excess of 40 B.t.u./(ft..sup.2 hr.
.degree. F./in.) at 212.degree. F. and can form thin opaque
surfaces having low surface emissivity (less than about 0.50)
between 750.degree. F. and 950.degree. F., so that it reflects a
large amount of radiant heat and retains very little. Platinum and
gold are also relatively chemically inactive and resist oxidation
and corrosion at oven-cleaning temperatures. Thin layers of those
materials retain satisfactory opacity at high temperatures. These
characteristics make them highly suitable and preferred for use in
the present invention. A platinum-gold alloy may be used when a
"silver" color reflector is desired.
At high temperatures, the reflector 36 reflects a substantial
proportion of the radiant heat emanating from the oven cavity 4,
thereby reducing heat loss at the window 24. At the same time, heat
that is picked up by the foraminous reflector 36 is readily
conducted away in the air wash so that the space between the second
and third members 29 and 30 is kept relatively cool, thereby
permitting the exposed portion of the outer surface of the outer or
third glass panel 30 to be maintained at a relatively cool
temperature, i.e., less than about 230.degree. F. when the oven 1
is at a heat-cleaning temperature of about 950.degree. F. for 2
hours in 70.degree. F. ambient air. Oven manufacturers specify that
the room-side glass panel temperature should not exceed 265.degree.
F.
The foraminous reflector 36 has a plurality of apertures or
foramens 37 in regular disposition throughout, and the ratio of the
reflector's total reflective surface area (i.e., the area of one
side of the reflector 36 less the sum of the areas of the foramens
37) to the total area of the viewing apertures 37 is preferably
about 3 to 2 so that one's view through the center of the glass
panel 39 is about 60 percent obstructed. This ratio could be raised
or lowered, without departing from the spirit of the present
invention, although either visibility or heat retention would be
reduced respectively. Accordingly, in order for the reflector to
both transmit and reflect substantial portions of heat and light
emanating from the oven cavity, the ratio should not exceed about
3:1 or be less than about 1:2. The foramens 37 should be fairly
small (preferably on the order of three sixty-fourths inch square
or about 0.02 square inch). As the foramen size is increased (with
the same ratio of reflective surface area to viewing area
maintained at about 3 to 2 ), so is the width of the opaque
portions between the foramens 37, so visibility through the grid 36
becomes discontinuous and impaired. In addition, distinguishable
alternating hot and cool areas form on the outer (third) panel and
the hot areas tend to exceed safe and/or acceptable temperature
levels. Accordingly, foramen 37 size should not exceed about
one-sixteenth sq. inch.
The reflector is preferably fired onto the glass in a thin coating
according to standard techniques well known in the art. One method
involves oil soluble compounds of gold and/or platinum and
palladium, together with rhodium, silver and certain base metals in
a resin/solvent system. This compound is applied to the glass by
silk screen process and then fired at a high temperature
approaching the distortion point of the glass e.g., at
1,050.degree. F. or even higher where a very hard glass substrate
is employed. For a gridlike or foraminous semitransparent reflector
the compound (commonly called "liquid gold") is applied in
sufficient quantities so that the residue of gold left after firing
is sufficiently thick to be opaque and to retain opacity at
oven-cleaning temperatures but thin enough to cool readily in the
air wash (e.g., on the order of 1,500 Angstroms).
The term "semitransparent reflector" as used in the specification
and claims herein is understood to include, but not be limited to,
a reflector of the type shown in the drawings where visible
distinct foramens are formed in an otherwise substantially opaque
reflective metal surface. The term "semitransparent reflector"
further includes reflectors of the type where the metal coating is
extremely thin so that the metal itself appears to be
semitransparent. This is without regard to whether the transparency
is due to minute discontinuities in the coating or whether the
metal itself is actually transparent due to its thinness, so long
as the reflector both transmits and reflects substantial portions
of heat and light emanating from the oven cavity.
Accordingly, in alternative embodiments of the present invention,
the reflector is a thin coating of gold or the like, perhaps have a
thickness on the order of between about 50 and 200 Angstroms. This
thin coating is applied to the glass in an even, substantially
continuous film without visibly distinct foramens. It is
nevertheless so thin as to be semitransparent and both transmits
and reflects substantial portions of heat and light emanating from
the oven cavity. One way to apply the reflector metal in this thin
film is by the sputtering process. In this process, the glass plate
and a supply of reflector metal are placed in a vacuum changer with
a minute quantity of argon gas. When the metal is charged
negatively and the glass charged positively, the argon molecules
knock metal atoms off the metal which fly into the glass surface
and become embedded there to form a very thin durable coating.
Thin semitransparent reflectors may be applied to the glass in
other ways, including by vacuum deposition and by electroplating.
Glass so treated is commercially available, sold under the
trademark "Mirro-Pane."
While gold, platinum or alloys of those metals are preferred for
construction of the semitransparent foraminous reflectors according
to the present invention, other metals or alloys such as nickel,
chromium, copper, aluminum, silver and/or their alloys may be
satisfactory in certain embodiments, although they are typically
either less reflective and/or less resistant to corrosion.
Inasmuch as the two innermost glass panels reach relatively high
temperature levels, those panels are preferably of heat-resistant
borosilicate glass (e.g., such as is sold under the registered U.S.
Trademark "Pyrex"). Such glass may be heated up to as high as
1,200.degree. F. or higher without deformation or appreciable
glowing, and it withstands rapid temperature variations
satisfactorily.
Returning to a description of FIGS. 1 to 3 inclusive, the window
unit 24 formed by the three glass panels 28 to 30, spacers 31 and
32, reflector 36, and wraparound member 33, is mounted at the oven
door's window apertures 25 to 27 with L-shaped brackets 38 which
are fastened to the middle door panel 17. In order to guard against
the escape of gases and vapors, the outer or third glass panel 30
of the window unit 24 is resiliently held against the inwardly
turned flange 39 defining the window aperture 25 of the front panel
16, and the inner or first glass panel 28 of the window unit is
resiliently held against the outwardly turned flange 40 defining
the window aperture 27 of the rear door panel 18. A heat-resistant
gasket (not shown) may be employed to seat the window unit 24
between the door panels 16 and 18 to seal against escaping gases
and vapors.
The oven 1 has an air circulation chamber 41 formed between the
oven frame 42 and the oven liner 5. An air intake vent 43 is
provided in the rear of the oven frame 42 at the lower rear of such
chamber 41. A mechanical fan 44 is positioned in the chamber 41 at
the vent 43 to draw cool air into the chamber 41. Vents (not shown)
are provided in any suitable portion of the oven frame 42 so that
warm air in the chamber 41 may escape and keep the side, front and
rear walls of the oven frame 42 relatively cool for safety.
A second embodiment of the present invention is shown in FIGS. 4 to
6, wherein FIG. 6 shows a gas self-cleaning range 50 of the type
having a plurality of burners 51 below and an oven 51 above. The
oven cavity 53 has a side-hinged windowed door 54 covering its
front opening. The range 50 is of standard self-cleaning
construction in many respects, having a sheet metal outer frame 55
and an insulated inner oven liner 56 defining the oven cavity 53.
The heating control panel 57 is located to the right of the
windowed door 54.
The windowed oven door 54 has a frame 58 which is generally of
sheet metal fabrication and comprises a front or outer door panel
59, a middle door panel 60, and a rear or inner door panel 61. The
front door panel 59 has a rearwardly extending flange portion 49 at
its outer peripheral edge which overlays and mates with the inner
and middle door panels 61 and 60, which are integrally formed with
one another, joined at their peripheral edges by a common
connecting portion 62. The front, middle and rear panels 59, 60 and
61 have short rearwardly or frontwardly directed flange portions
63, 64 and 65, respectively, generally bordering the window
opening. A glass window unit or assembly 69 is located in the oven
door 54 and mounted on such flanges.
The window assembly 69 includes three rectangular transparent glass
panels 70, 71 and 72 secured in spaced parallel relation between
the front and rear door panels 59 and 61 at the window opening. The
first glass panel 70 is adjacent the oven cavity 53. The second
glass panel 71 is spaced forward of the first panel 70 and
separated from the oven cavity 53 by the first panel 70. And a
third glass panel 72 is spaced forward of the second panel 71,
being thus separated from the first panel 70 by the second panel
71.
A first spacer member 73 of generally U-shaped cross section is
disposed between the adjacent peripheral edges of the first and
second glass panels 70 and 71, and a second similarly shaped spacer
member 74 is likewise disposed between the adjacent peripheral
edges of the second and third glass panels 71 and 72.
A wraparound or clamping member 75 encloses the peripheral edges of
all three glass panels 70 to 72 and cooperates with the spacer
members 73 and 74 to secure the glass panels 70 to 72 in spaced
parallel relation. A plurality of ventilating apertures 77 are also
provided in that portion of the clamping member 75 adjacent the
second spacer member 74 so that the space between the second and
third glass panels 71 and 72 is ventilated to form an air-wash
space in communication with the space between the front and middle
door panels 72 and 71. Additional vent apertures 78 and 79 are
provided in the upper and lower edges of the door 54, i.e., in the
rearwardly directed peripheral flange portion 49 of the outer door
panel 59, so that hot air between the second and third glass panels
71 and 72 may escape therefrom through the oven door 54, into the
ambient atmosphere outside the oven 50.
There are no corresponding vent apertures to ventilate the space
between the first and second glass panels 70 and 71, so that such
space is a dead-air space tending to insulate the oven cavity 53
and retard heat loss at the window 69.
A thin semireflective metallic reflector 80 in the form of a
gridlike reflective metallic foraminous coating 80 with small
foramens 89 is disposed on the front or outer surface of the second
glass panel 71 so that it is located in the ventilated air-wash
space between the second and third panels 71 and 72. This grid 80
has the same general physical and chemical characteristics as does
the grid 36 described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 3, hereinabove.
The thickness of the coating 80 is greatly exaggerated for purposes
of illustration and is preferably on the order of about 1,500
Angstroms in actuality.
Standard fibrous insulating material 81 fills the space between the
rear and middle panels 71 and 72 outside the window area, i.e.,
between the clamping member 75 and the common portion 62 connecting
the outer edges of the rear and middle door panels 61 and 60.
A heat-resistant gasket 82 encircles the window aperture of the
rear door panel 61, secured by a suitable bracket 83, to form an
airtight seal at the interface of the oven door 54 and the oven
body 55 to prevent the escape of heat and moisture vapor from the
oven cavity 53 during operation.
A conventional door handle 84 is mounted on the front door panel
59.
The oven 50 has an air circulation chamber 85 formed be between the
oven frame 55 and the oven cavity 53. The air circulation chamber
85 has an air outlet (not shown) in the upper region of the oven
frame 55 to permit hot air to escape so that the sidewalls of the
oven frame 55 are kept relatively cool during cleaning. A first fan
(not shown) may be provided at an air intake vent in the base of
the oven frame (also not shown) to direct cool air into the air
circulation chamber 85, or air may be allowed to enter the intake
vent naturally by convection.
A portion of the oven frame 55 at the lower front edge of the oven
cavity 53 projects forward to extend beneath the lower peripheral
edge of the oven door 54 and thereby extend the air circulation
chamber 85 into that region. A plurality of apertures 86 are formed
in the horizontal surface 87 of that projecting portion of the oven
frame 55 to communicate with the apertures 79 in the lower
peripheral edge of the oven door 54 so that air may pass from the
air circulation chamber 85 into the air-wash space between the
second and third glass panels 71 and 72 housing the reflective
metal foraminous coating 80. A fan 88 is mounted in the air
circulation chamber 85 on the inner surface of the front wall of
the oven frame 55 adjacent to and directed at the apertures 86
communicating with the apertures 79 in the lower peripheral edge of
the oven door 54 so that relatively cool air from the air
circulation chamber 85 is forced into the air-wash space to
facilitate cooling of the oven door 54. While this fan 88 provides
generally better cooling, it is optional and can be eliminated to
reduce cost and the oven door 54 will be cooled sufficiently by
convection and the natural displacement of hot air by cooler
air.
A third embodiment of the present invention is shown in FIG. 7,
wherein a window assembly or unit 90 has four transparent glass
panels 91 to 94, inclusive, secured in spaced parallel relation and
adapted to be mounted in the wall or door of a self-cleaning oven.
The first glass panel 91 is intended to be mounted adjacent the
oven cavity. A second glass panel 92 is spaced forward of the first
panel 91 so that it would be separated from the oven cavity by the
first glass panel 91. A third or outermost glass panel 93 is
separated from the first panel 91 by the second panel 92. And, in
addition to those three panels 91 to 93, a fourth panel 94 is
disposed between the second and third panels 92 and 93, so that the
third panel 93 is spaced from the first panel 91 by the fourth
panel 94 as well as by the second panel 92.
First, second and third spacer members 95 to 97, inclusive, of
U-shaped cross section are disposed between the adjacent peripheral
edges of the first and second glass panels 91 and 92, the second
and fourth panels 92 and 94, and the fourth and third panels 94 and
93, respectively.
A wraparound or clamping member 98 encloses the peripheral edges of
all four glass panels 91 to 94 and cooperates with the spacer
members 95 to 97 to secure the glass panels 91 to 94 in spaced
parallel relation. A plurality of ventilating apertures 99 are
provided in both the horizontal and vertical sides of the second
and third spacer members 96 and 97, and also in that portion of the
clamping member 98 adjacent the second and third spacer members 96
and 97 so that the spacers between both the second and fourth
panels 92 and 94 and between the fourth and third panels 94 and 93
are ventilated, to form air-wash spaces, whereas the space between
the first and second panels 91 and 92 is completely enclosed to
form a dead-air space.
An oven door or wall for reception of the window unit 90 would be
provided with air circulation passages communicating between the
aforesaid air-wash spaces and the ambient atmosphere.
A thin semitransparent metallic reflector 100 in the form of a
gridlike foraminous coating is disposed on the inner surface of the
fourth glass panel 94 so that it is washed by air passing through
the space between the second and fourth panels 92 and 94.
Alternatively, the reflector may be disposed on the outside surface
of the second panel 92 or the outside surface of the fourth panel
94 or on the inside surface of the third or outermost panel 93.
Reflective coatings of the type described may also be disposed
simultaneously on two separate glass panel surfaces in the window
assembly located in the air wash, such as both sides of the fourth
panel 94.
A window unit formed in the manner shown in FIG. 7 as described
herein provides an exceptionally cool outer window surface, e.g.,
less than about 170.degree. F. in a self-cleaning oven in the
heat-cleaning range of about 950.degree. F. for 2 hours in
70.degree. F. ambient air. Accordingly, a window unit of the four
panel variety illustrated in FIG. 7 may be employed as a substitute
for the window units 24 and 69 shown in the self-cleaning ranges 1
and 50 of FIGS. 1 to 3 and FIG. 4 to 6.
The efficacy of a window assembly according to the present
invention is providing a relatively cool outer window surface is
illustrated by the following:
A standard gas-fueled self-cleaning oven range sold under the
trademark "Modern Maid" Tennessee Stove Corp. was specially fitted
with a windowed oven door according to the present invention,
replacing a solid door. The particular window assembly employed was
similar to the third embodiment described herein except that the
outermost window panel (herein the so-called "third" panel) was
oversized (on the order of 15 inches .times. 22 inches) to give the
appearance of an all glass oven door for decorative purposes. The
first and second glass panels (the inner lite and the lite adjacent
thereto) were 0.140 inch .times. 5 31/32 inches .times. 5 31/32
inches borosilicate and spaced 0.884 inch from one another. The
so-called "fourth" glass panel was three-sixteenths inch .times. 5
31/32 inches .times. 15 31/32 inches crystal, spaced 0.523 inch
outwardly from the second glass panel. These three inner panels
were held at their edges in fixed relation by a metal wraparound or
clamping member and a pair of metal spacer members of suitable
dimensions and of the type described and illustrated herein. The
entire assembly was mounted in the oven door approximately one-half
inch behind the large third or outer glass panel. A thin gold film
was deposited on the inner surface of the fourth glass panel and
the interpanel space in which the gold film was located was
ventilated by a plurality of 7/8 -inch diameter circular vent
apertures spaced about one-sixteenth inch along the outermost
spacer member and also in the clamping member adjacent that spacer.
The upper edge of the oven door was similarly vented. The oven door
included a metal inner panel positioned generally above the
innermost or first glass panel. A second metal panel was mounted
frontward of and parallel to the inner door panel and was
positioned generally above the second glass window panel, the space
between the aforesaid metal door panels being filled with a
standard heat-insulating material such as asbestos. A third metal
panel was mounted frontward of and parallel to the second metal
panel and was positioned generally above the fourth glass panel.
The space between the aforesaid second and third metal door panels
was open to permit circulation of air from the window space housing
the gold film to the vents in the upper edge of the oven door. A
similar passage was afforded in the lower region of the oven door
for the intake of cool air. In addition, the space between the
front (third) oversize glass panel and the fourth glass panel was
ventilated at the upper and lower oven door edge so that there was
an air wash on both sides of the fourth glass panel bearing the
gold film. The gold film was opaque, but provided with horizontally
and vertically aligned 3/64 -inch square apertures regularly spaced
three sixty-fourth inch apart so that the gold coating formed a
semitransparent grid so that the ratio of the total reflective
surface area of the reflector to the total area of the foramens in
the reflector is 3:1. The gold grid was bounded by a solid 1 1/2
inch gold peripheral border.
The oven was operated over its standard cleaning cycle, comprising
a 1/2 -hour warmup period and a subsequent 2 -hour cleaning period.
A standard Leeds & Northrup potentiometer was used to obtain
contemporaneous measurements at regular intervals of the
temperatures of (a) the air in the room containing the oven, (b)
the outer or room-side surface of the third or outer glass panel
taken at a point opposite the upper edge of the fourth glass panel,
and (c) the oven interior taken adjacent the upper edge of the oven
door. These temperature values are set forth in table 1.
##SPC1##
From the above table, it can be seen that the present invention
provides an oven window for a self-cleaning oven which is safe,
minimizes heat loss, and is well within the specifications of the
oven manufactures.
In various embodiments of the present invention, spacing of the
glass panels in three-panel units of the type illustrated in FIGS.
1-6 herein may vary, but spacing on the order of 1 inch between
adjacent glass panels is generally preferred, providing
satisfactory insulating-cooling characteristics in a relatively
compact unit. A four-panel unit of the type illustrated in FIG. 7
preferably embodies approximately 1 -inch spacing between the first
and second panels, but the spacing between the second and fourth
panels and between the fourth panel and third outermost panel is
preferably on the order of one-half inch.
The foregoing discussion, description of the drawings, and the
drawings themselves are considered as illustrative only of the
principles of the present invention, and since numerous
modifications and changes will readily occur to those skilled in
the art, the invention is not limited to the exact constructions
and operations described and shown, and accordingly all suitable
modifications and equivalents may be resorted to, falling within
the scope of the appended claims.
* * * * *