U.S. patent number 3,612,323 [Application Number 04/861,010] was granted by the patent office on 1971-10-12 for safety closure.
Invention is credited to Dell M. Malick.
United States Patent |
3,612,323 |
Malick |
October 12, 1971 |
SAFETY CLOSURE
Abstract
The specification discloses so-called "safety" closure and
container neck constructions. A container neck as disclosed carries
a ratchet or ratchetlike structure the closure disclosed carries a
hinged lever which in turn carries a pawl structure. In a normal
locked position of the closure the pawl structure engages the
ratchet structure so that the closure cannot be removed from the
container. The lever is capable of being moved to an unlocked
position in which the pawl and ratchet structures are disengaged.
In such an unlocked position the closure may be removed from the
container neck.
Inventors: |
Malick; Dell M. (Santa Rosa,
TX) |
Family
ID: |
25334630 |
Appl.
No.: |
04/861,010 |
Filed: |
September 25, 1969 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
215/214;
215/216 |
Current CPC
Class: |
B65D
50/066 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
B65D
50/06 (20060101); B65D 50/00 (20060101); A61j
001/00 (); B65d 055/02 () |
Field of
Search: |
;215/9,42,7,46
;220/27 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Hall; George T.
Claims
I claim:
1. In the combination of a closure and a container neck, said
closure having a top, a dependent skirt attached to said top and
internal thread means for securing said skirt to said neck within
said skirt, said neck having a top edge, an external thread means,
said closure being normally positioned on said neck in a closed
position in which said thread means on said neck and said skirt are
engaged, the improvement which comprises:
a moveable member located on said skirt so as to be exposed to the
interior of said skirt,
pivoting means permitting movement of said moveable member relative
to the remainder of said closure connecting said moveable member to
said closure,
cooperating means on said moveable member and said neck for locking
said closure against movement with respect to said neck,
said moveable member being capable of being moved with respect to
said closure so as to space said cooperating means on said moveable
member from said cooperating means on said neck so that said
closure may be twisted so as to disengage said thread means on said
closure and said neck so that said closure can be removed from said
neck and
membrane means initially connecting said moveable member with said
skirt for indicating if said moveable member has been moved with
respect to said skirt, said membrane means being capable of being
broken upon movement of said moveable member.
2. A combination of a closure and a container neck as claimed in
claim 1 wherein:
said cooperating means on said neck comprise engagement means
formed integrally with said neck and
said cooperating means on said moveable member comprise holding
means for engaging said engagement means so as to prevent rotation
of said closure.
3. The combination of a closure and a container neck as claimed in
claim 2 wherein:
said engagement means comprises a ring of ratchet teeth located
around the exterior of said neck,
said holding means comprises pawl means for engaging said ratchet
teeth located on said moveable member.
4. The combination of a closure and a container neck as claimed in
claim 3 wherein:
said pawl means are resilient and are capable of snapping past
individual ratchet teeth on said neck as said closure is located in
said closed position on said neck.
5. The combination of a closure and container neck as claimed in
claim 1 including:
tab means for facilitating movement of said moveable member located
on said moveable member so as to extend therefrom.
6. The combination of a closure and a container neck as claimed in
claim 1 including:
friction means located on said skirt adjacent to said moveable
member for holding said moveable member after the initial use of
said closure so that said cooperating means are in engagement with
one another so as to lock said closure against movement with
respect to said neck.
7. The combination of a closure and a container neck as claimed in
claim 6 wherein:
said friction means comprise shoulders, said moveable member being
capable of being snapped past said shoulders in securing said
cooperating means together.
8. The combination of a closure and a container neck as claimed in
claim 1 wherein:
said cooperating means on said neck comprises a ring of ratchet
teeth located around the exterior of said neck,
said cooperating means on said moveable member comprises a
resilient pawl means for engaging said ratchet teeth located on
said moveable member,
said moveable member is a lever means attached by said hinge means
to the remainder of said closure,
and including
friction means located on said skirt adjacent to said moveable
member for holding said moveable member after the initial use of
said closure so that said cooperating means are in engagement with
one another so as to lock said closure against movement with
respect to said neck,
and wherein
said closure including said moveable member, said hinge means and
said cooperating means on said moveable member is an integral unit
formed of a polyolefin polymer,
said pivoting means permitting movement comprises a hinge
means.
9. The combination of a closure and a container neck as claimed in
claim 1 wherein:
said pivoting means permitting movement comprises a hinge means.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The term "safety closure" is commonly utilized to designate
closures which are relatively difficult to remove from a container.
Common closures such as threaded caps, snap on lids and the like
which have been commonly used for many years are considered to
present a potential health hazard since they can be opened by even
comparatively young children. The safety-type closures which are
presently known are constructed so that it is hoped that young
children cannot satisfactorily open them.
A number of problems have been encountered with prior, known safety
closures. One of these problems pertains to the cost of such
closures. If they are not comparatively inexpensive so as to be
comparable in cost to conventional nonsafety closures they cannot
be widely adopted and used. Another problem which has been
encountered in the safety closure field pertains to sealing. A
safety closure to be acceptable must adequately seal the interior
of a container, both to protect the contents of the container from
contamination and also to prevent leakage.
Another problem encountered in the safety closure fields pertains
to the ease of use. Many of the individuals who have to open
so-called safety closures do not have adequate physical strength to
go through the manipulative operations required to open certain
known types of safety closures even though they have the mental
capacity to realize the sequence of steps necessary to open these
closures. This is to be compared with the frequent physical
capacity of a comparatively young child to perform the steps
necessary to open a safety closure, but the lack of the mental
capacity of such a child to realize the manipulative steps
necessary to open such a closure.
The significance of this latter problem is considered to be more
important than readily realized. An elderly arthritic person
frequently has to gain access to the interior of a bottle of
medicine. Such a person may know how to open a known type of safety
closure but frequently will not have the physical strength
necessary to do this.
If a "safety" closure is to be acceptable for use it not only must
be comparatively inexpensive so that its use is economically
competitive. If a safety closure is to be acceptable it must not
only satisfactorily seal a container. To be acceptable such a
closure must also be of such a nature that a person who has to gain
access to the interior of the container can easily open it.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
An objective of the present invention is to provide new and
improved "safety" closure and container neck constructions which
meet the aforegoing and related criteria for commercial acceptance.
Thus, objectives of the invention are to provide constructions of
the type indicated: which are comparatively simple to manufacture
at a nominal cost; which may be easily assembled together with a
minimum of difficulty and a nominal cost; which satisfactorily
seal; and which may be easily opened by individuals having less
physical strength than normal individuals.
The invention also has a number of other more detailed, specific
objectives as will appear from a detailed consideration of the
remainder of this specification. One of these objectives is to
provide "safety" closure and container neck constructions of a
so-called "tamper proof" variety which may be easily assembled
utilizing conventional capping equipment. The term "tamper proof"
as used herein is intended to indicate that the closures are of
such a nature as to indicate by visual inspection whether or not
they have been previously opened. This is frequently considered
important is protecting a customer against receiving a partially
empty container of goods, container of adulterated goods or the
like.
In accordance with this invention these and various related
objectives are achieved by providing together in the combination of
a closure having a top, a dependent skirt attached to the top and
internal thread means within the skirt and of a container having a
neck provided with a top edge, an external thread means, the neck
supporting the closure so as to be attached to it by both of the
thread means in such a manner that the skirt surrounds the neck and
the top overlies the top edge of the neck the following new
elements: engagement means on the neck, a lever means located on
the skirt, a hinge means supporting the lever means so that it is
moveable relative to the skirt and a holding means on the lever
means for engaging the engagement means so as to prevent rotation
of the closure relative to the neck when the lever means is in a
locked position.
With this type of structure the lever means can be moved about the
hinge means between such a locked position and an unlocked position
in which the holding and engagement means are spaced from one
another. In such an unlocked position the closure may be moved
along the thread means in usual manner so as to be removed from the
container neck. After being removed the closure can be replaced on
the neck and the lever means can be returned to a locked
position.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING
With a combination closure and container construction as herein
described many more details then are indicated in the preceding
summary are significant to the acceptability and operation of the
device.
Such details will be apparent from a consideration of the
accompanying drawing in conjunction with the remainder of this
specification. In the drawing:
FIG. 1 is an isometric view of a presently preferred embodiment or
form of a closure and container combination of this invention;
FIG. 2 is a partial cross-sectional view taken at line 2--2 of FIG.
1;
FIG. 3 is a partial cross-sectional view taken at line 3--3 of FIG.
2;
FIG. 4 is a partial cross-sectional view corresponding to FIG. 3
showing a lever part of the closure illustrated in a locked
position after its initial use;
FIG. 5 is a partial cross-sectional view taken along a curved plain
as indicated by the line 5--5 in FIG. 3;
FIG. 6 is a partial cross-sectional view taken along a curved plain
as indicated by the line 6--6 in FIG. 3;
FIG. 7 is an isometric view corresponding to FIG. 1 of another
embodiment or form of a closure and container combination of this
invention;
FIG. 8 is a partial cross-sectional view taken at line 8--8 of FIG.
7; and
FIG. 9 is a partial cross-sectional view taken at line 9--9 of FIG.
8.
It will be realized that the accompanying drawing is primarily
intended for explanatory purposes. It is contemplated that various
changes will be made in the constructions illustrated in adapting
these constructions in accordance with specific packaging needs
and/or in accordance with specific manufacturing requirements. Such
changes may be easily made on the basis of the disclosure of the
drawing and in this specification through the exercise of routine
design and/or engineering skill.
DESCRIPTION OF THE ILLUSTRATED EMBODIMENTS
In FIG. 1 of the drawing there is shown a "safety" closure 10 and
container neck 12 constructed in accordance with this invention.
The neck 12 forms a part of a conventional container 14; it is of
the usual cylindrical construction; it has a top edge 16 and
projecting thread means 18. The particular thread means 18
illustrated are partial threads. It is to be understood that
equivalents such as a continuous thread may be substituted for the
particular thread means illustrated.
The closure 10 includes a top 20 which is integrally formed with a
dependent skirt 22 having a knurled exterior surface 24. This skirt
22 preferably extends above the top 20 so as to provide a
projecting flangelike lip or wall 26 extending above the top 20.
The skirt 22 includes internal thread means 28 corresponding to the
thread means 18. The thread means 18 are adapted to coact with the
thread means 28 in order to secure the closure 10 upon the neck 12
in an established manner. The top 20 preferably includes a
dependent sealing means or ring 30 which is adapted to engage and
form a seal against the tip edge 16 when the closure 10 is in place
upon the neck 12. Various known conventional sealing rings may be
substituted for the precise type of sealing ring 30
illustrated.
The skirt 22 preferably includes an elongated lever means or lever
32 which extends along the length of the skirt 22. This lever 32 is
preferably initially joined to the remainder of the skirt 22 along
both of its sides by thin membranes 34 when the closure 10 is
manufactured. These membranes 34 may be regarded as tear flanges or
tear flange means since they are sufficiently thin to be weak
enough to be easily severed upon movement of the lever 32 about a
hinge 36 joining the intersurface of the lever 32 to the top
20.
This hinge 36 may be easily constructed by forming the portion of
the top 20 defining it of a slightly reduced cross-sectional area
sufficient in thickness to permit bending without tearing. This
construction is designed so that the lever 32 may be rotated about
the hinge 36 by pressure being applied to its top end 38 or to its
lower end 40 so as to move it to an unlocked position as indicated
in phantom as a finger hold as shown.
The normal position of the lever 32 as illustrated in FIGS. 1-4 of
the drawing may be referred to as a locked position. This is
because in this position thin, resilient pawls 42 extending from
the lever 32 engage ratchet teeth 44 located in a continuous ring
around the exterior of the neck 12 adjacent to the top edge 16.
These teeth 44 and the pawls 42 extend axially of the neck 12. This
position is to be contrasted with an unlocked position of the lever
32 in which the pawls 42 are spaced from the teeth 44. The
significance of these two positions will be apparent from a
consideration of the assembly and use of the closure 10.
In use the skirt 22 of the closure 10 is engaged by the chuck of a
capping machine or by the hand so that the lever 32 cannot rotate.
The closure 10 is then assembled on the neck 12 in a conventional
manner. During such assembly the inherent flexibility or resiliency
of the pawls 42 will enable them to snap over the teeth 44 until
the closure 10 is torqued down during engagement of the thread
means 18 and 28 to a sufficient extent so that the sealing ring 30
forms an effective seal. At this point the pawls 42 will be engaged
with individual teeth 44 so as to prevent rotation of the closure
10 off of the neck 12.
When it is desired to open the container 14 pressure may be applied
to either or both ends of the lever 32 so as to cause severing of
the membranes 34. Such pressure can be applied by hand and/or
through the use of an manipulative tool. As a result of such
pressure the lever 32 will move to an unlocked position as
indicated in FIG. 2 of the drawing. This will break the membranes
34, making it apparent that the closure 10 has been used. In such a
position the pawls 42 are disengaged from the teeth 44. As a result
of such disengagement the closure 10 may readily be removed from
the neck 12 by rotation in the conventional manner.
The closure 10 may be reapplied to the neck 12 in the same manner
with the lever 32 in this unlocked position. Once the closure 10
has been reassembled upon the neck 12 after such initial use the
lever 32 may be rotated back to a closed locked position as
indicated in FIG. 4. In order to assume the position in FIG. 4
normally the lever 32 will have to be snapped past the remnants of
the membranes 34 so as to be held as indicated in FIG. 4 by
adjacent portions of the skirt 22. Since these remnants of the
membranes 34 serve this function they may be termed "friction
means." Because of the inherent resiliency of the pawls 42 a
position as shown in FIG. 4 is possible. Thereafter the closure 10
may be removed in the manner described.
From this description it will be realized that the operative
character of the present invention is predicated upon the physical
properties of the material used in forming the closure 10. This
closure is an integral unit formed out of a known polyolefin
polymer. The necessary physical properties for a closure 10 are
possessed by materials such as polyethylene and polypropylene such
as are commonly known to be useful in closures of various types
such as two-piece dispensing closures. Such polyolefins may be
easily formed to a configuration as shown for the closure 10
through known injection molding techniques.
In FIG. 7, 8 and 9 of the drawing there is shown a modified closure
50 of the present invention which is exceedingly similar to the
closure 10. For convenience of designation those parts of the
closures 10 and 50 which are the same or substantially the same are
not separately identified herein and are designated in the
remainder of this specification and in the drawing by the primes of
the numerals previously used to designate such parts.
The closure 50 omits the wall 26 used in the closure 10 and thus
employs a skirt 22' which terminates flush with the top 20'. The
closure 50 also omits the membrane 34 used with the closure 10 and
utilizes a single pawl 42' instead of the pawls 42 previously
described. The lever 32' in the closure 50 may include a small
extending tab 52 designed to facilitate manual rotation of the
lever 32' about the hinge 36'. A finger hold corresponding to the
lower end 40 may be used instead of the tab 52.
Because of the manner in which the closure 50 is constructed the
lever 32' may be molded so as to extend outwardly from the
remainder of the closure 50 more or less in line with the top 20'.
Also the skirt 22' may be molded so as to include shoulders 54
enabling a distinct "pop through" or "snap through" type action to
be achieved which will firmly hold the lever 32' in a locked
position as indicated in FIG. 9 when the lever 32' is rotated to
such a position. In serving in this manner the shoulders 54 serve
as a "friction means" holding the lever 32' in a closed or locked
position.
The operation of the closure 50 in all other respects identical to
the operation of the closure 10. The closure 50 does not provide a
visual indication as to whether or not this closure has been opened
such as is possessed by the closure 10. This is because the closure
50 omits the membranes 34 used in the closure 10. The tab 52 may,
if desired, be used with the closure 10.
When the thread means 18 and 18' in the closures 10 and 50 are a
series of closely spaced partial threads the ends of these partial
threads will be closely enough located so as to serve as ratchet
teeth. If such partial threads are used, the pawls 42 and 42' can
be extended so as to engage them as they engage the teeth 44 and
44'. If this structure is used, there is no need to employ separate
ratchet teeth 44 and 44', since the thread means 18 and 18' serve
as such teeth. This type of structure is not preferred because such
thread means are normally spaced so as to be operative a sufficient
distance apart so that the pawls 42 and 42' cannot be locked to
prevent movement in any position they might be in.
* * * * *