U.S. patent number 3,610,779 [Application Number 04/692,877] was granted by the patent office on 1971-10-05 for methods and systems for controlling pumping wells.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Texaco Inc.. Invention is credited to Laurence M. Hubby.
United States Patent |
3,610,779 |
Hubby |
October 5, 1971 |
METHODS AND SYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING PUMPING WELLS
Abstract
A method and system for pumping-well control including
determination of a production profile for the well. The profile
consists of a function that defines the normal producing conditions
when the well fluid is pumped out of the well at a greater rate
than it is produced therein. Optimum producing conditions may then
be determined and set. In addition, the magnitude of the load on
the pump motor is monitored and fed out for remote indication
and/or control.
Inventors: |
Hubby; Laurence M. (Bellaire,
TX) |
Assignee: |
Texaco Inc. (New York,
NY)
|
Family
ID: |
24782409 |
Appl.
No.: |
04/692,877 |
Filed: |
December 22, 1967 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
417/215; 417/63;
73/152.62; 417/44.11; 417/44.1 |
Current CPC
Class: |
E21B
47/009 (20200501); H02P 29/40 (20160201); F04B
49/065 (20130101); F04B 47/02 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
F04B
47/00 (20060101); E21B 47/00 (20060101); F04B
49/06 (20060101); H02P 29/00 (20060101); F04B
47/02 (20060101); F04b 049/00 () |
Field of
Search: |
;73/151
;103/4,4W,5,5W,11,11A,44W,45W,46,52S ;230/2,12,17 ;417/5 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Walker; Robert M.
Claims
I claim:
1. In a system for controlling a pumping well,
said system including a beam-type reciprocating pump driven by a
motor,
said pump having cycles including an up stroke and a down stroke
successively, the improvement comprising
means associated with said well for providing a cyclic waveform
signal proportional to the load on the motor driving said pump,
means for recording said waveform signal continuously over a period
of a plurality of said pump cycles, and
computer means for receiving said waveform signal and for providing
an output to control said motor.
2. In a system according to claim 7, the improvement also
comprising means for recording in real time a plurality of
consecutive cycles of said waveform signal, and
high-speed means for reproducing said recorded signals in
compressed time.
3. A system according to claim 2 having a plurality of pumping
wells.
4. A system according to claim 3 further including means for
switching from one well to the next in said compressed time so that
said computer means may supervise all of said wells continuously.
Description
CROSS-REFERENCES TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
Some of the disclosure of this application relates to two copending
applications: Ser. No. 516,949 filed Dec. 28, 1965, now U.S. Pat.
No. 3,440,512; and Ser. No. 496,406 filed Oct. 15, 1965, now U.S.
Pat. No. 3,413,535.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
This invention concerns oil well production control systems in
general. More specifically, it relates to a method and system that
is applicable to pumping wells wherein such wells are being pumped
at a greater rate than the rate of fluid production therein.
2. Description of the Prior Art
Heretofore, in oil fields where conditions are such that the fluid
must be pumped to recover it from the well or wells, the pumping
has been carried out by a motor driven beam type of counterweighted
pump. The pump would be operated intermittently since the fluid
production rate in the well would be less than the rate of pumping
of the fluid from the well. This was very inefficient because it
was difficult to determine when a given well had been pumped out.
Thus, the pump was either stopped too soon, so that production was
lost, or it continued to pump with substantially no production
resulting therefrom, so that the cost of pumping action was
wasted.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
Briefly, the invention relates to a method that is applicable to an
oil field that is being produced by pumping. It concerns the method
of determining the production profile for a particular well. It
comprises the steps of pumping said well at a rate that is greater
than the rate of producing fluid therein, and of detecting when
said well pumps-off a first time. It also comprises the steps of
stopping said pumping for a first predetermined relatively short
time period from said first pump-off, of again pumping said well at
said pumping rate, and of detecting when said well pumps-off a
second time. Further, it comprises the steps of stopping said
pumping for a second predetermined relatively long time period
after said second pump-off, and of again pumping said well at said
pumping rate until pump-off occurs a third time. Finally, it
comprises the steps of measuring the pumping time intervals that
follow said predetermined short and long time periods, and of
determining a production profile for said well.
The invention also relates to another method for controlling a well
that is being produced by pumping at a rate that is greater than
the rate of producing fluid therein. Furthermore the pumping is
automatically stopped whenever pump-off occurs and said pumping is
recommenced after a predetermined period of time beginning with
said pump-off. The method comprises the steps of determining a
normal production profile for said well, of detecting whether said
well is pumping or off, and of measuring the periods of time when
said well is pumping and when said well is off. It also comprises
the steps of comparing the measured pumping-time off-time periods
with said normal production profile, and of causing an alarm signal
for said well whenever said measured pumping-time off-time periods
differ from said normal production profile by more than a
predetermined percentage thereof.
Again briefly, the invention relates to a system for controlling a
pumping well having a reciprocating pump driven by a motor. The
system comprises in combination means associated with said well for
providing a waveform signal proportional to the load on the motor
driving said pump. And it comprises computer means for receiving
said waveform signal and for providing an output to control said
motor.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The foregoing and other objects and benefits of the invention will
be more fully set forth below in connection with the best mode or
modes contemplated by the inventor for carrying out the invention,
and in connection with which there are illustrations provided in
the drawings, wherein:
FIG. 1 is a diagram indicating graphically the steps that are
involved in one method according to this invention;
FIG. 2 is a graphic illustration in the form of curves showing two
typical production profiles of different pumping wells;
FIG. 3 is another graphic illustration showing a normal production
profile curve and also curves both above and below normal which
would each be caused by different factors during the life of a
pumping well;
FIG. 4 illustrates a family of power curves for a given well that
indicate a normal and various abnormal pumping cycles, with
captions explaining possible diagnoses;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram illustrating a system for controlling
a pumping well according to the invention; and
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram illustrating a system for controlling
a plurality of pumping wells in accordance with the invention and
including a special element for recording and obtaining time
compression at the output.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
In connection with pumping wells in general and particularly such
wells that are being pumped at a rate which is greater than the
rate of production of fluid in the well, it has been discovered
that by carrying out a method according to this invention a
production characteristic for a given well may be determined. That
characteristic is termed herein a production profile. Such a method
is illustrated in FIG. 1 of the drawings, and the pumping control
arrangements used may be like those disclosed in my copending
applications Ser. No. 516,949, filed Dec. 28, 1965 now U.S. Pat.
No. 3,440,512 and No. 496,406 filed Oct. 15, 1965, now U.S. Pat.
No. 3,413,535. As will be evident from the description that follows
herein the method could be carried out manually if desired and the
pump motor could be an internal combustion engine. The steps of the
method are as follows.
Having pumped the well until pump off of the fluid has occurred, a
time period is commenced. This is indicated by a zero index mark
11, on FIG. 1. Then, the pumping is stopped for a predetermined
relatively short period of time e.g., a period represented by a
distance 12 along the horizontal axis of the FIG. 1 graph to the
right of the zero index 11. This time is indicated by the caption
of FIG. 1 as being four hours.
Next, the pump is started and the well is pumped for a given period
(such as a time period 13 illustrated in FIG. 1) that is long
enough to allow the well to pump-off following the measured off
period 12. Then, the well is again shutoff, i.e., the pumping is
stopped. This time it is stopped for a period which is relatively
long, e.g., 14 hours off (as indicated by an arrow 16 on the FIG. 1
graph). Then the well is once more pumped as indicated by a curve
17. The leading edge of 17 marks the beginning of an on period
represented by the distance. Again, this time period will be long
enough to allow the well to pump-off. The pumped-off condition is
indicated by a step portion 19 on the curve 17.
It will be appreciated that the length of time during which the
well is pumped following each off period, will vary for different
wells. It will depend upon the producing conditions of a given
well. Consequently, the information gained by carrying out the
foregoing steps will give information that provides a basis for
determining a so-called production profile for the well.
Such a production profile may be illustrated for a given well (see
FIG. 2) by a curve 22 that has the "pumping time to pump off" shown
as the units measured parallel to the ordinate, and the "off time"
shown as the units measured parallel to the abscissa, both as the
coordinates of the curve. Thus, the curve 22 illustrates the
relationship between these two measured or predetermined times, and
this illustrates the production profile of a given well.
It will be noted that the production profile curve 22 is for a well
that has moderate permeability. There is another curve 23
illustrated that is a straight line. It illustrates the production
profile for a different well that has a tight formation.
The information gained by making a determination of the production
profile of any well (in accordance with the foregoing method or
otherwise) may be advantageously employed in various ways. One way
involves another method that may be employed, namely to set the
time periods of a pumping cycle that are optimum for a given well,
as related to a predetermined production period or schedule. The
steps of such a method involve making use of a production profile
for a given well and thereafter determining a desired pumping-time
to off-time cycle for such well.
In order to accomplish the foregoing optimum pumping cycle
(pumping-time to off-time), the curve of the production profile for
a given well should be drawn, e.g., the curve 22 of FIG. 2. This
would be done from information obtained on the characteristics of
the well, such as by carrying out the method described above. Then
a pumping time would be selected that falls on the linear part of
the curve, while the off-time that corresponds to that pumping time
would then be noted on the other coordinate axis. Next, a point
(not shown) on the production profile curve would be chosen (along
the linear portion of the curve) so as to provide a sum of the
pumping-time and off-time periods that equals a submultiple of some
predetermined production time, such as 24 hours. Finally, a timer
for controlling the starting of the pumping motor for the well
would be set so that the time periods allowed for pumping would be
slightly more than the pumping times as determined from the
production profile curve. Consequently, the well would pump off
before the end of each pumping period. Once the equipment has been
set for such pumping-time off-time periods, the pumping of that
well should insure maximum production in the absence of any pump
trouble. Similarly, it should increase efficiency by reducing
electric power costs and pump maintenance costs. It may also be
found that production is increased in some cases.
It will be appreciated that the methods and system, or systems,
according to this invention relate to a pumping oil well, or a
plurality of such wells, where the well has limited production and
where the pumping is at a rate greater than the rate of production.
Under such conditions, the pump regularly pumps out all of the oil
from the well. If a pump-off controller is employed, the pump will
be stopped automatically. Then the oil will continue to flow from
the formation into the well bore where it will accumulate. The rate
of accumulation of the oil is dependent upon a number of factors
which are fairly constant and these include the characteristics of
the formation, the pressure in the well bore and the height of the
column of fluid in the well bore above the level of the producing
zone. The rate of withdrawal from the well bore depends on the size
and mechanical efficiency of the pump used and its speed of
operation. These latter factors are also relatively constant.
Therefore, by measuring the time periods for pumping-time and
off-time in accordance with the first method described above, the
production profile for a given well may be determined.
Such a production profile curve 26 is illustrated in FIG. 3. As
already explained, this provides a showing from which may be made a
determination of the length of time that should be required to pump
out all of the accumulated fluid for any given length of off-time
for the well. However, if it should be found that the actual time
required for thus pumping out the oil is different from the time to
be expected (as determined from the normal production profile curve
26) there is an indication that some change has taken place in the
production pattern of the well and consequently the matter may be
investigated in order to determine what the change has been.
Thus, another method according to this invention relates to
controlling a well that is being produced by pumping at a rate that
is greater than the rate of producing fluid therein. Furthermore,
the pumping is automatically stopped whenever pump-off occurs and
is recommenced after a predetermined period of time beginning with
the said pump off.
A first step of such latter method is that of determining a normal
production profile for the well. This may be accomplished by
carrying out steps according to the foregoing description for the
first method. It will result in information which may be plotted to
illustrate the production profile, e.g., the normal production
profile curve 26 of FIG. 3.
After the normal production profile has been determined, another
step of this method is that of detecting whether the well is
pumping or not. With reference to FIG. 5, it will be appreciated
that this step may be easily accomplished by merely determining
whether there is power being drawn by a motor 27 or not. A somewhat
more detailed showing of control circuit with electrical elements
to do this is disclosed in each of the copending applications
mentioned above. One element would be a transformer 28 that
transmits an electrical signal when the motor 27 is energized.
It will be appreciated that the pumping or pump-off conditions,
i.e., whether or not the well is pumping, may also be determined
manually. For example, there could be visual observation of the
pump. or, it could be accomplished in various other ways, such as
by having a mechanical signal indicator associated with the motor
driving the pump. The latter is particularly applicable to a
situation where the motor is a gasoline or other non-electrical
type engine.
A next step in this method is the measuring of the periods of time
when the well is pumping. This can be easily accomplished in
connection with the foregoing determination of the presence or
absence of an electrical signal from transformer 28 in FIG. 5. The
time duration of the presence of the signal will determine the
pumping time for the well. Clearly, such time could also be
determined by manual means such as observing and timing the pumping
period each time.
Another step in this method is the comparing of the measured
pumping-time and off-time periods with a normal production profile.
This means that the measured time periods would be compared with
those that would be had from the normal times as determined from
the production profile for the well. For example, with reference to
FIG. 3, after a given off-time of 30 minutes, the pumping-time
should be almost 8 minutes, as determined from the curve 26 of the
profile illustrated. If the measured pumping-time were more or less
than that, it would indicate abnormal pumping conditions. The same
comparison might also be accomplished by having a normal profile
stored in a computer and then, of course, feeding in the measured
times (as indicated in FIG. 5) for making the comparison with the
normal profile data in accordance with known techniques of computer
operation.
Finally, the method includes a step of creating or causing an alarm
signal for the well whenever the measured pumping-time off-time
relationship is different from that expected (as determined from
the normal production profile) by more than a predetermined
percentage of the normal. After an alarm signal has been provided,
some steps may be taken (as desired) to investigate and determine
the cause of abnormal operation of the well. Thus corrective steps
may then be taken promptly where needed.
It is pointed out that one manner of analyzing the cause of
abnormal operations is to have a record made of the electric power
that is being used by the pumping motor. Such a record would show
conditions throughout each pumping cycle and such conditions are a
direct indication of different situations which may occur with
respect to the pumping operation. A pumping cycle of the type being
now considered is that for a beam-type reciprocating pump where the
cycle includes a complete up stroke and down stroke of the pump.
Thus, the power curve has a rise from minimum to maximum and back,
for each of these strokes and if the apparatus is properly balanced
these two parts of the whole cycle are substantially similar and
equal. Such pumping cycle is fully described in my U.S. Pat. No.
3,413,535 mentioned above.
In FIG. 4 there is illustrated a plurality of such electric power
curves each showing one typical pumping cycle for a pumping well.
It will be observed that these curves are designated A-1 through
A-13 and opposite each curve there is a caption indicating the
conditions which may cause the shape of the curve that is there
illustrated. The curves A--2 through A--6 show commonly encountered
conditions of unbalance and pump off. These figures illustrate an
important point which is not always recognized, i.e., a well that
is in the pumped off condition cannot be balanced by adjusting the
weights so that the peaks are of equal amplitude. The first
prerequisite for balancing is that the well be making enough fluid
so that the pump suction is flooded and the pump takes in a full
barrel of fluid each stroke. This fact can be readily determined
from the shape of the power curve and the balancing procedure is
thereby simplified.
It will be appreciated that power curves of the type illustrated in
FIG. 4 may be entered in a computer for purposes of comparison with
curves as taken from a pumping well. Thus, an analysis and
determination might be made when (within predetermined limits)
correspondence with a particular typical curve is found. In this
manner, rapid and automatic determination of the analysis of
troubles encountered may be accomplished upon proper manipulation
of the data as it is determined from a pumping well and fed to a
computer for analysis and/or control.
With reference to FIG. 5, it is to be noted that it is a schematic
circuit and block diagram showing a system according to the
invention. The motor 27 is driving a pumping well under conditions
previously described in connection with the foregoing methods. It
is under control of a panel 31 that may include equipment such as
that illustrated in either of my patents mentioned above.
Consequently the motor 27 may be shutdown upon desired conditions
being met.
The transformer 28 is connected with an input thereof across a
resistor 32, and the output signal (via transformer 28) will be
generally in the form of a power curve, e.g., in accordance with
the power curves illustrated in FIG. 4. Such power curve signal is
transmitted over the circuit including a pair of wires 35 to a
computer 36 which may have associated therewith a typewriter 37 for
reading out from, or having input data inserted into, the
computer.
The computer has an output connection that is schematically
indicated by a line 40 that leads to the motor control panel 31.
This carries the necessary control signals for energizing and/or
shutting down the motor 27 by means of its control panel 31.
It will be clear to anyone skilled in the art that the foregoing
system (illustrated in FIG. 5) provides a means whereby the pumping
motor 27 and, of course, the well being pumped thereby, may be
monitored continuously and automatically. Therefore, the well may
be subject to a continuous determination as to data concerning the
status of the well and also, as desired, it may have control
actions based thereon, e.g. for shutting down the motor or for
starting same once more.
Furthermore, it will be appreciated that the signal being
transmitted via the transformer 28 to the computer 36 provides dual
information in that the wave form plus the existence or
nonexistence of the signal itself may both be used in the computer.
The latter information, along with the time periods during which
the existence or nonexistence of the power wave form was
determined, provides the necessary data for determining a
production profile for the well in question. At the same time, the
data may be used in the computer for comparing such profile with a
normal profile for the same well, by having a normal profile
programmed into the computer beforehand. In this manner, deviations
from a normal well profile will provide a signal that can be used
as desired, for a mere alarm or for both an alarm signal and a
control signal to shut down the well.
Referring now to FIG. 6, it is pointed out that a system according
to this invention may be applied to a plurality of pumping wells. A
group of wells may thus be controlled continuously and
automatically. Furthermore, they may have the production profiles
recorded and surveyed, and also the pumping conditions monitored.
The latter is done so that any mechanical or other difficulties may
be determined at once and corrective actions taken.
One feature of a plural well system of this sort is the provision
of a recording means, with a high-speed scanning feature. This acts
so that the power curves for the individual wells may be recorded
continuously in real time and then scanned at high speed. This
accomplishes in effect a compression of the time element, whereby a
substantial number of wells may be continuously monitored and
controlled with the ability to carry out a number of different
functions. This is done without in any way interrupting or causing
delays in the continuous monitoring and controlling of all of the
wells in a field.
FIG. 6 illustrates schematically a well 45 that is being pumped by
a beam-type pump 46 which in turn is driven by an electrical motor
47. In order to provide a synchronizing signal for the beginning of
each pumping power cycle there is a switch 50 that is mechanically
actuated. It is linked to the pump mechanism, as schematically
indicated by a dashed line 51.
The electrical circuit for controlling the motor 47 is shown by a
diagram wherein the motor 47' is connected via a three-wire circuit
49, as illustrated, which leads from a control panel 54. Controls
in the panel include a solenoid actuated switch 55 which acts to
connect or disconnect the source of electrical power to the motor
47'.
The signal (that represents the power curve for the motor) is
transmitted via the circuit that connects the input of a
transformer 58 across a resistor 59, which resistor is located in
one of the leads 49 to the motor 47'.
The power curve signal is an AC signal modulated by the power that
the motor 47 draws. Consequently, the envelope which is the power
curve is transmitted via the transformer 58. It then proceeds over
a circuit that includes a capacitor 62 for blocking DC signals and
via a rectifier 63 to a coil 64. The rectifier 63 acts to
demodulate the AC signal in order to provide pulsating DC to the
coil 64 that is mounted on a recording head (not shown). The
recording head and coil are associated with a magnetic recording
drum 65. It will be observed that there is an erase coil 68 that is
associated with an erase head (not shown) which is located adjacent
to but behind, or in front of (depending upon which way you wish to
consider it) the coil 64. The erase coil 68 acts so that the record
which has been laid down by signals in the coil 64, will be erased
after one substantially complete revolution of the drum 65.
It is to be noted that there will be provided a duplication of
substantially all of the just described elements, which relate to
the well 45. Such duplication is applied to each of the other of a
plurality of wells which are indicated by the blocks 71-74. These
additional wells are merely schematically indicated. Each one of
the blocks indicates a separate pumping well with equipment to feed
its power curve to an individual coil (not shown) like the coil 64
for well 45. It will be readily understood by anyone skilled in the
art that the foregoing duplication of elements for the additional
wells is a matter of mere routine. The individual coils and
recording heads are located spaced axially along the surface of the
drum 65 in order that each well will have a recording track of its
own.
With respect to the magnetic drum 65 and as to its operation
(relative to a given one of the pumping wells), it will be noted
that the drum is rotated in the direction indicated by the arrow
marked "Drum" on the outside thereof. This rotation is at a
relatively slow speed, e.g., 1 revolution per minute. Consequently,
for typical pumping wells there will be about 10 or 15 pump strokes
recorded during a revolution of the drum 65. A pickup head 78 is
rotated on the end of an arm 79 in the direction indicated by the
arrow marked "Arm." It will be observed that this is opposite to
that for the drum 65. The arm 79 is rotated at a high speed, e.g.,
3,600 revolutions per minute. The result is that the power curve
wave forms that have been recorded on the drum 65 during a
revolution that had ended at the beginning of a given revolution of
the arm 79, will be fed out in "compressed time" form since the
revolution of the arm only takes a little less than 0.02
seconds.
The foregoing compressed time signals are, of course, picked up by
the pickup head 78. They are fed over the circuit indicated by a
line 80 to any transmission arrangement as appropriate for given
circumstances, e.g., that indicated by blocks 83 and 84. Such
transmission might include radio or telephone lines or the like, as
schematically indicated by the crooked arrow.
Considering now, for the purposes of this explanation, a group or
series of compressed time wave form signals as picked up during a
revolution of the pickup head 78 and arm 79, there will be about 10
or 15 pumping cycle wave forms like that illustrated (with
captions-- under a circuit line 87), all within the fraction of a
second indicated above. These wave form signals will be carried
over the circuit indicated by line 87 to some "interface"
equipment. Such equipment is schematically indicated by a block 88.
It is here that the necessary equipment and circuits will be
provided so that the signals will be handled to and from a computer
89. The computer 89 will of course have usual provisions for
indication and control such as an input-output typewriter 90 that
is schematically indicated.
It will be understood by anyone skilled in the art that an
equivalent arrangement might be employed to accomplish the time
compression of the pumping wave form signals for the wells
involved. However, in any case a major benefit of the compression
is the ability to scan the whole group of wells continuously within
a very short time for each scan so that instantaneous corrective or
control action can be taken for any one of the wells at any
time.
It will be appreciated from the foregoing description that the
compressed time arrangement employed in this embodiment involves
having the data from all of the wells simultaneously recorded in
real time on the drum 65. These are on separate tracks on the drum
and consequently there are separate pickup heads carried by the arm
79. The individual well wave form signals are taken off in sequence
so that all of the tracks on the drum will be scanned one after
another from one end of the drum to the other in a continuous
manner. Depending upon the number of wells being connected to a
given drum, it would be expected that each well could be monitored
a number of times for every pumping cycle thereof. Therefore, the
effective monitoring of the pumping conditions for each well is
substantially continuous, and deviations may be rapidly determined
with corrective action taken substantially at once.
It will be appreciated that the control signals feeding out from
the computer 89 will return via the interface equipment (block 88)
to some central supervisory equipment that is represented by a
block 93. Such supervisory equipment has two-way communication with
local supervisory equipment that is represented by a block 94.
Communication between these supervisory blocks 93 and 94 is carried
out via the indicated blocks 97, 98, 99, and 100 that correspond to
previously mentioned blocks 83 and 84. Thus, there are circuits for
acting to transmit the signals involved over the distance that
separates the computer installation from the local area equipment
associated with the wells that are involved.
The output signals from the local supervisory element 94 are DC in
nature. These are fed over a circuit to control the solenoid switch
55, and that circuit is indicated in the diagram by lines 103, 104
and 105. That circuit supplies the energization for the solenoid
switch 55. Of course, there will be a similar circuit for each of
the additional wells, as is indicated by a line 108 that is
connected to the line 103.
It will be appreciated by anyone skilled in the art that the
arrangement of equipment for carrying out the details of the signal
handling will be in accordance with standard practice. This may
involve various different particular types of equipment, as
feasible and in accordance with good practice. Thus, various
arrangements could be provided and no specific showing is made for
the above described arrangement, e.g. that for switching
sequentially after each revolution of the magnetic pickup arm 79
from one track to the next on the drum. And of course, after the
last track is scanned, in switching back to the first track for
continuous repetition.
It will be appreciated also that the computer will be programmed
and controlled so that the desired information and control relative
to each well may be carried out. This will include a determination
of the production profile, since the time periods for pumping or
not pumping will be directly determined from the presence or
absence of waveform power signals. In addition, during the presence
of waveform signals, the continuous review and scanning will permit
a comparison of each wave form signal with a library thereof such
as those illustrated in FIG. 4. Then when a determination of some
difficulty has been made some action may be taken. As indicated
previously, the first indication of abnormality will be that which
stems from the variation of a production profile by more than a
predetermined percentage relative to a normal profile for that
well.
It will be appreciated that the recording and time compression
could be employed with a single well if desired. The monitoring and
control thus possible would leave a lot of time for other functions
if desired.
While preferred embodiments of the invention have been described
above in considerable detail in accordance with the applicable
statutes, this is not to be taken as in any way limiting the
invention but merely as being descriptive thereof.
* * * * *