U.S. patent number 3,610,533 [Application Number 05/050,414] was granted by the patent office on 1971-10-05 for variable area and thrust-reversing nozzle.
This patent grant is currently assigned to General Electric Company. Invention is credited to Jerry T. Johnson, Roy A. Krabacher, William V. Sutherland.
United States Patent |
3,610,533 |
Johnson , et al. |
October 5, 1971 |
VARIABLE AREA AND THRUST-REVERSING NOZZLE
Abstract
A variable area, convergent-divergent, propulsion nozzle is
disclosed which comprises a hooplike carrier having flaps pivoted
thereon. For forward propulsion, the carrier is positioned at the
outlet of a duct from which a motive fluid stream is discharged.
The flaps are pivoted to form a discharge nozzle of a desired area.
For reverse thrust, the carrier is spaced from the end of the duct,
the flaps are swung inwardly and tabs, pivoted on the flaps, are
also swung inwardly to provide substantially complete blockage of
the motive fluid stream which is discharged laterally and
forwardway through open blow-in doors.
Inventors: |
Johnson; Jerry T. (Hamilton,
OH), Sutherland; William V. (Milford, OH), Krabacher; Roy
A. (Cincinnati, OH) |
Assignee: |
General Electric Company
(N/A)
|
Family
ID: |
21965121 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/050,414 |
Filed: |
June 29, 1970 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
239/265.19;
60/226.2; 60/230; 60/232; 239/265.37 |
Current CPC
Class: |
F02K
1/1223 (20130101); F02K 1/1215 (20130101); F02K
1/62 (20130101); Y02T 50/671 (20130101); Y02T
50/60 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
F02K
1/00 (20060101); F02K 1/12 (20060101); F02K
1/62 (20060101); B64c 015/06 (); F02k 001/24 () |
Field of
Search: |
;60/232,230,229,228
;239/265.13,265.19,265.25,265.27,265.31,265.37,265.39,265.41 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Gordon; Clarence R.
Claims
Having thus described the invention, what is claimed as novel and
desired to be protected by Letters Patent of the United States
is:
1. A propulsion nozzle system comprising:
a duct having an outlet from which a motive fluid stream is
discharged,
a ringlike carrier engageable with the outlet of said duct,
flap means pivotally mounted around said carrier and extending
generally in a downstream direction,
tab means pivotally mounted on said flap means,
means for selectively positioning said carrier (a) in engagement
with the duct outlet and pivoting the flap means so that they
function as a nozzle having a discharge area of a desired size and
(b) in spaced relation from the duct outlet and pivoting said flap
and tab means inwardly to form a blocker which deflects the motive
fluid stream laterally.
2. A propulsion nozzle system as in claim 1 wherein
the positioning and pivoting means include means for angling the
tab means outwardly of the hot gas stream when the carrier is in
engagement with the casing outlet.
3. A propulsion nozzle as in claim 1 wherein
the flap means comprise a plurality of overlapping, generally
rectangular flaps, and
the tab means comprise triangular tabs pivotally mounted,
respectively, on alternate flaps.
4. A propulsion nozzle as in claim 1 which is of the
convergent-divergent type with the nozzle formed by the flaps being
the primary nozzle, and further comprising
an outer casing surrounding the engine, casing,
a secondary nozzle mounted on said outer casing and extending
downstream of the primary nozzle,
blow-in doors mounted on said outer casing, and
passageway means, from the juncture of said nozzles to said blow-in
doors for the introduction of tertiary air into the nozzle and
discharge of the hot gas stream when it is deflected laterally by
the flap and tab means.
5. A propulsion nozzle as in claim 4 wherein:
said passageway means includes an inner surface of revolution
leading to the throat of the secondary nozzle and defining, in
part, chamber means on said casing, and
the positioning and pivoting means include linkage means supporting
the carrier and flap assembly and actuators mounted on said outer
casing.
6. A propulsion nozzle as in claim 5 wherein:
the surface of revolution has longitudinal slots through which a
portion of the linkage means extend and the actuators are mounted
in said outer casing chamber, and
further including a circumferential seal on said ring engaging said
surface of revolution when the flaps and tabs form a blocker,
closures for said slots, and
means for swinging said closures into said slots between the
upstream ends thereof and said circumferential seal when the flaps
and tabs form a blocker,
thereby sealing the hot gas stream, in reverse thrust flow, from
the casing chamber.
7. A propulsion nozzle as in claim 5 wherein:
the linkage means comprise a plurality of supporting links
pivotally connected at their inner ends to the flap means and
extending radially outwardly and an actuation ring with said outer
casing chamber, said supporting links being pivotally connected to
the actuation ring and said actuators also being connected to said
actuation ring as well as the outer casing.
8. A propulsion nozzle as in claim 7 wherein:
the flap means comprise a plurality of overlapping, generally
rectangular flaps,
the tab means comprise triangular tabs pivotally mounted,
respectively, on alternate flaps,
the supporting links are, respectively, connected to each alternate
flap,
the linkage means comprise a link extending from each supporting
link to the associated tab.
9. A propulsion nozzle as in claim 8 wherein:
the linkage means include cam means cooperating with at least some
of the supporting links for imparting pivotal movement thereto and
swinging the flaps and tabs relative to the carrier as the carrier
is moved to and from its extreme positions.
10. A propulsion nozzle as in claim 9 wherein:
the surface of revolution has longitudinal slots through which said
supporting links extend and the actuators are mounted in said outer
casing chamber, and
further including a circumferential seal on said ring engaging said
surface of revolution when the flaps and tabs form a blocker,
closures for said slots, and
means for swinging said closures into said slots between the
upstream ends thereof and said circumferential seal when the flaps
and tabs form a blocker,
thereby sealing the hot gas stream, in reverse thrust flow, from
the casing chamber, and
projections on said carrier engageable with abutments on the outer
casing to limit the travel of said carrier and space the carrier a
predetermined distance from the duct outlet,
said actuators having a travel sufficient to continue displacement
of said actuation ring and disengage the supporting links from the
cam means when the carrier is so positioned.
Description
The invention described and claimed in the United States patent
application herein resulted from work done under United States
Government contract FA-SS-66-6. The United States Government has an
irrevocable, nonexclusive license under said application to
practice and have practiced the invention claimed herein, including
the unlimited right to sublicense others to practice and have
practiced the claimed invention for any purpose whatsoever.
The present invention relates to improvements in propulsive
nozzles.
To obtain thrust for the propulsion of an aircraft, a motive fluid
stream may be discharged from a propulsive nozzle. Such nozzles
take many forms dependent on the engine generating the motive fluid
stream and the mission of the aircraft.
The mission of commercial, supersonic aircraft imposes challenging
requirements on the propulsive nozzles that are to be used
therefor. In order to attain supersonic flight, the nozzles must be
of the convergent-divergent type. For economical operation at
different flight speeds, including subsonic flight, the area
relationships of the nozzle must be variable. Commerical airports
have relatively short runway lengths and, therefore, such nozzles
must also have reverse thrust capabilities which are also necessary
for ground maneuvering and may be utilized in flight. Reverse
thrust can also be desirable, at times, in in-flight operation.
The provision of reverse thrust capabilities has been a challenge
in subsonic aircraft and is an even greater challenge in supersonic
aircraft. The requisites to be met include reliability, light
weight, simplicity and high aerodynamic efficiency.
There have been several prior proposals of nozzles which have the
functional capability of providing reverse thrust in a supersonic
nozzle. However, these proposals have been deficient in one or more
of the requisites noted above to the extent that they are not
adequate for the demanding overall requirements of a commercial
supersonic aircraft.
Accordingly, one object of the invention is to provide an improved
nozzle having both supersonic and reverse thrust capabilities which
are particularly suited to the requirements of commercial
aircraft.
Another and broader object of the invention is to provide an
improved nozzle having reverse thrust capability.
These ends are attained, in accordance with the broader aspects of
the invention, by employing a hooplike carrier on which flap means
are pivotally mounted with tab means pivotally mounted on the free
ends of the flap means. This assembly is disposed at the discharge
end of a duct for motive fluid and the flaps are pivoted to form a
nozzle having a discharge area of a desired size for forward
propulsion. For reverse thrust, this assembly is spaced from the
end of the duct and the flap and tab means are swung inwardly to
form a blocker which deflects the motive fluid stream
laterally.
More specifically, for supersonic propulsion, an outer casing is
utilized which supports a divergent nozzle extending downstream of
the nozzle provided by the flap means. The motive fluid stream
diverted by the blocker is discharged through open blow-in doors
which also admit ambient or tertiary air into the nozzle during
selected portions of forward flight.
The assembly is supported and its movement controlled by a unique
linkage system which, among other things, efficiently transmits
force loadings into the outer casing.
The above and other related objects and features of the invention
will be apparent from a reading of the following description of the
disclosure found in the accompanying drawings and the novelty
thereof pointed out in the appended claims.
In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic representation, partially in section, of a
gas turbine engine embodying the present invention;
FIG. 2 is an enlarged longitudinal section of a portion of the
propulsive nozzle seen in FIG. 1, the nozzle being positioned for
subsonic flight operation;
FIG. 3 is a section similar to FIG. 2 illustrating the position of
the nozzle for supersonic propulsion;
FIG. 4 is a section similar to FIG. 2 illustrating the thrust
reverse position of the nozzle;
FIG. 5 is a section taken generally on line V--V in FIG. 4; and
FIG. 6 is a section taken generally on line VI--VI in FIG. 2;
FIG. 7 is an enlarged illustration similar to FIG. 2.
FIG. 1 briefly illustrates a gas turbine engine having supersonic
propulsion capability. Air enters an inlet 10 comprising an
axisymmetrical spike 12. The majority of this air is further
pressurized by a compressor 14. A small percentage of the air
bypasses the compressor as "secondary air" flowing through the
space between the engine compressor casing 16 and an outer casing
or pod 18. The secondary air flows downstream to be employed for
purposes later referenced. The air pressurized by the compressor 14
supports combustion of fuel in a combustor 19 in the generation of
a hot gas stream. A portion of the energy of this hot gas stream
drives a turbine 20 which is connected to the rotor of the
compressor 14 by a shaft 21. The hot gas stream discharged from the
turbine 20 may be augmented by the combustion of further fuel in an
afterburner 22. The hot gas stream (motive fluid stream) is then
discharged through a propulsion nozzle 24 which comprises a
convergent, primary nozzle 26 and a divergent, secondary nozzle 28.
The primary and secondary nozzles 26, 28 are of the variable
geometry type and will be described in greater detail later.
In operation the hot gas stream is usually augmented only during
periods where a relatively high thrust output is required. The
discharge areas of the primary and secondary nozzles are varied in
area to match the performance conditions of the engine in
operation. Further, in subsonic propulsion, particularly, it is
desirable that ambient air be introduced into the interior of the
nozzle. This is provided for by blow-in doors 30 which are spaced
around the exterior of the pod 18 adjacent the upstream end of the
secondary nozzle 28. When it is desired to introduce ambient or
tertiary air into the nozzle, the doors swing inwardly for the
introduction of such air.
Reference will now be made to FIGS. 5, 6 and 7 for a more detailed
description of the propulsion nozzle 24. The primary nozzle 26
comprises a convergent duct section 32 of the engine casing 16 and
a plurality of pivotal flaps 35, 36. These flaps are supported from
a carrier ring 38 by brackets 40 which have legs 48. Pins 50
pivotally mount the flaps 34 and 36 on the bracket legs 48. The
brackets 40 further include ribs 42 spanning the lower ends of the
legs 48 and an outwardly spaced baffle 44. The baffles 44 guide
secondary air over the outer surfaces of the flaps 34, 36 to
provide a cooling effect.
This ring and flap assembly is supported by links 52 which are,
respectively, pivotally connected to the flaps 34 by pins 54. The
links 52 extend outwardly to lugs 56 projecting from an actuation
ring 58 and are pivotally connected thereto by pins 60. The
actuation ring 58 is connected to the rods 62 of a plurality of
longitudinally extending actuators 64 (FIG. 1) (only one of which
is shown, the remainder being angularly spaced around the nozzle).
The cylinders of these actuators are mounted on the frame structure
of the pod or outer casing 18. The primary nozzle 26 is thus
mounted in bicycle spoke fashion for axial movement in a fashion
later described.
The flaps 36 overlap the inner surfaces of the flaps 34 and are
normally held thereagainst by the pressure of the hot gas stream.
This pressurized engagement provides an effective seal between
adjacent flaps. In order to prevent uncontrolled movement of the
flaps 34, hooks 63 (FIG. 3) are provided on their outer surfaces.
These hooks overlie extensions of the shafts 54 from the adjacent
flap 34.
THe pod or outer casing 18 comprises triangular beams 66 extending
between the blow-in doors 30 to structural elements which form and
support the secondary nozzle 24.
Ramps 70 angle inwardly from the downstream ends of the openings 71
for the blow-in doors 30 and blend with a surface of revolution 72
forming the throat of the secondary nozzle 28. When the doors 30
are swung inwardly, this structure provides a passageway between
the exterior of the nozzle and the juncture between the primary and
secondary nozzles.
The secondary nozzle may be of the aerodynamically positioned type
comprising an outer set of flaps pivotally mounted on the pod 18
and an inner set of flaps. The inner set of flaps would be
pivotally connected to the downstream ends of the outer flaps and
extend toward the throat of the secondary nozzle for guided
movement in a known fashion. The described structure also defines
an annular chamber or interior within which the actuators 64 are
mounted.
Reverting back to the primary nozzle 26, it will be seen (FIG. 5)
that the links 52 extend through slots 73 in the surface 72 and
that alternate links 52 are extended outwardly of the pins 60.
Rolls 74 are mounted on these extensions and ride in a fixed cam
track 76 which is secured to the pod 18. The cam track 76 controls
movement of the flaps 34, 36 as will be later described.
A triangular tab 78 is pivotally mounted at the free end of each
flap 34 by a pin 80. The tabs 78 are respectively connected to the
supporting links 52 by links 82 which are pivotally connected
thereto at their opposite ends.
A final linkage arrangement comprises links 84, pivotally connected
to the ring 38 and to closure flaps 86. The latter are pivotally
mounted on posts 88 secured to the beams 66.
In subsonic and supersonic operation, the bracket ribs 42 sealingly
engage a flange 90 at the downstream end of the fixed duct portion
32. This position of the carrier ring 38 will be maintained through
a substantial range of the synchronized travel of the actuator rods
62. As such travel occurs, the gas stream pressure on the flaps 34,
36 acts outwardly forcing the primary nozzle assembly against the
flange 90 as the flaps 34, 36 are pivoted to vary the discharge
area of the primary nozzle in accordance with the requirements of
the engine's operating conditions.
As the primary nozzle area is varied between the described subsonic
and supersonic positions, the tabs 78 are angled toward the throat
of the secondary nozzle so as to have a minimal effect on the
aerodynamic performance of the hot gas stream. The angular spacing
of the tabs 78 also facilitates entry of tertiary air when the
blow-in doors 30 are open.
Further retraction of the actuator rods 62 from the supersonic
position of FIG. 3 causes the primary nozzle to be deployed in its
reverse thrust position of FIG. 4. In traveling to this position,
the cam rolls 74 engage the lower surfaces of the cams 76 to pivot
the links 52 in a counterclockwise direction. This in turn pivots
the flaps 34, 36 inwardly against the pressure of the hot gas
stream. At the same time the support ring 38 is displaced in a
downstream direction until projections 92 extending therefrom,
engage stops 75. After the travel of the support ring 38 is thus
limited, the rods 62 displace the actuation ring 58 a slight
distance further in a downstream direction. This spaces the rolls
74 from the surfaces of cams 76 so that the sustained loadings of
reverse thrust are carried into the structural elements of the pod
18 through the actuators 64.
It will also be apparent that when the primary nozzle is deployed
in its reverse thrust position, the tabs 78 are swung inwardly so
that they provide, in combination with the flaps 34 and 36,
substantially complete blockage of the hot gas stream. The hot gas
stream is thus deflected laterally and discharged forwardly through
the openings 71 of selected blow-in doors which are swung inwardly
by means not shown.
In the reverse thrust position, it will also be seen that the
closures 86 are swung into the openings 73. Further, a
circumferential seal 94, on the ring 38, engages the surface 72 and
the closures 86. All of this minimizes leakage of the hot gas
stream, particularly into the interior of the secondary nozzle
where the actuators 64 are mounted.
When the rods 62 are extended to return the primary nozzle to its
supersonic and subsonic positions, the rolls 74 engage the upper
surface of cam 76, initially to swing the links 52 in displacing
the support ring in an upstream direction. The cam 76 has primary
control of the position of the links 52 only when the ring 38 is
being displaced to and from its extreme positions. However, the
cams are coextensive with the full paths of movement of the rolls
34 maintaining control of the flap system in the event of a loss of
gas pressure on the flaps.
Various modifications of the described embodiment will be apparent
to those skilled in the art with the scope of the present inventive
concepts which is therefore to be derived solely from the following
claims.
* * * * *