U.S. patent number 3,610,524 [Application Number 04/873,181] was granted by the patent office on 1971-10-05 for manhole ventilating and heating system.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Polaroid Corporation. Invention is credited to Gerald J. Wallen.
United States Patent |
3,610,524 |
Wallen |
October 5, 1971 |
**Please see images for:
( Certificate of Correction ) ** |
MANHOLE VENTILATING AND HEATING SYSTEM
Abstract
An apparatus for providing a continuous flow of air into
manholes below the ground level such as those used for servicing
underground communication facilities. A hollow, toroidal-shaped
member adapted to fit within a manhole entrance to the hole forms
an annular shaped chamber with an annular outlet below the ground
level. Air under pressure is provided to the toroidal member and is
deflected downwardly by internal baffles into the hole. The
incoming air may be heated either by a portable heat source or by
conduit coils within the chamber that are supplied with heated
fluid or gas from a truck or the like.
Inventors: |
Wallen; Gerald J. (San Bruno,
CA) |
Assignee: |
Polaroid Corporation
(Cambridge, MA)
|
Family
ID: |
25361125 |
Appl.
No.: |
04/873,181 |
Filed: |
November 3, 1969 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
454/48 |
Current CPC
Class: |
F24D
5/02 (20130101); F24F 7/06 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
F24D
5/02 (20060101); F24F 7/06 (20060101); F24D
5/00 (20060101); B60h 001/04 () |
Field of
Search: |
;237/1,12.1
;98/32,33,49,50 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Michael; Edward J.
Claims
I claim:
1. An apparatus for providing a flow of fresh air to a ground
cavity through a manhole entrance thereto comprising:
a toroidal-shaped housing having an outer wall member with a larger
diameter than the manhole entrance, a concentric inner wall member
with a smaller diameter than the manhole entrance and means
interconnecting said wall members at their upper ends to form an
annular chamber, said inner wall having a lower portion that
extends below said outer wall member;
means providing an inlet for fresh air in said outer wall
member;
and fan means forcing air to flow through said inlet so that it
exits from said chamber between the lower ends of said inner and
outer wall members.
2. The apparatus ad described in claim 1 wherein said means
providing an inlet comprises a projecting portion attached to the
outside wall member of said housing and arranged to direct air
substantially tangentially into said housing.
3. The apparatus as described in claim 1 including baffle means
within said housing between said wall members for directing
downwardly the air that enters through said inlet.
4. The apparatus as described in claim 1 including means for
heating the fresh air that is forced to flow through said
inlet.
5. The apparatus as described in claim 1 including sealing means on
the outside of said outer wall member near its lower end for
forming a fluidtight seal between said housing and the structure
surrounding the manhole.
6. The apparatus as described in claim 3 wherein said baffle means
comprise a plurality of circumferentially spaced-apart metal strips
extending between said inner and outer wall members, each said
strip being curved downwardly from its upper end to its lower
end.
7. The apparatus as described in claim 1 wherein said inner wall
has a skirt portion on its said lower portion that diverges
outwardly at its lower end.
8. The apparatus as described in claim 5 wherein said sealing means
comprises an annular recess in said outside wall member and an
annular O-ring retained within said recess but having an outside
diameter greater than that of said outside wall member.
9. The apparatus as described in claim 4 wherein said means for
heating comprises a coiled conduit mounted within said housing and
inlet and outlet means at the ends of said conduit extending
through said outside wall member and hot-fluid supply means
connected to one end of said coiled conduit.
10. An apparatus for providing a flow of heated fresh air to a
ground cavity through a manhole entrance thereto comprising:
a toroidal-shaped housing forming an annular chamber with an outer
wall member spaced radially outwardly from the edge of the manhole
entrance;
an inner wall member spaced radially inwardly from said outer wall
member and adapted to be spaced inwardly from the edge of the
manhole entrance, thereby forming an annular outlet from said
housing within the ground cavity below the surrounding ground
level;
blower means for forcing fresh air through an inlet in said outer
wall member;
and means for heating the fresh air before it exits from said
annular outlet of said housing.
11. The apparatus as described in claim 10 wherein said means for
heating comprises a plurality of hot-fluid passages located in the
flow path of fresh air moved by said blower and hot-fluid supply
means connected to said hot fluid passages.
12. The apparatus as described in claim 11 wherein said hot-fluid
passages are conduit coils located within said housing between said
wall members.
13. The apparatus as described in claim 10 wherein said means for
heating fresh air comprises a portable heat-exchanger unit having
an inlet for receiving relatively cool fresh air and an outlet for
heated air connected to said inlet in said outer housing wall
member; a source of hot fluid; and a series of fluid passages
connected to said source of hot fluid and surrounding a passage for
fresh air.
14. The apparatus as describe in claims 12 wherein said hot-fluid
supply means is the water cooling system of an internal combustion
engine.
15. The apparatus as described in claims 12 wherein said hot-fluid
supply means includes an internal combustion engine having an
exhaust pipe, a conduit interconnecting said exhaust pipe and said
hot-fluid passages.
16. The apparatus as described in claim 10 wherein said means for
heating comprises a series of electrical heating elements located
between said wall members of said housing.
Description
This invention relates to an apparatus for supplying fresh air
which may be heated to ground holes or structural cavities through
a manhole entrance.
Such ground holes or cavities are required to provide servicing
facilities for underground communication and electrical power
systems. In most cities large numbers of such cavities are located
in the streets and access to them is by a manhole entrance having
the well-known removable cover. The job of servicing underground
telephone or power systems in such cavities requires a workman to
remain in them for substantial periods of time. A problem which
arose in carrying out these servicing tasks was that of properly
ventilating the cavity with a continuous supply of fresh air and an
additional problem arose in providing heated air during inclement
weather conditions. Previous attempts to solve these problems were
generally too costly in time and labor as well as inefficient. For
example, one approach was merely to connect a large conduit to an
auxiliary heating unit and place its outlet end through the manhole
into the ground cavity. However, this restricted the access area
available in the manhole and in addition, the circulation and
distribution of air within the cavity was unsatisfactory. In such
arrangements the air was heated, when necessary, by auxiliary
heaters which were generally expensive and inefficient.
A general object of the present invention is to provide an
apparatus for supplying fresh air to a ground cavity through a
manhole that will solve the aforesaid problems.
Another object of the present invention is to provide an apparatus
for supplying a continuous flow of fresh air to a ground cavity
that will (1) reduce the size of the access opening to the cavity
be a relatively small amount and thereby facilitate the easy
passage of persons and equipment into and out of the cavity and (2)
cause the air to circulate within the cavity so as to constantly
purge it of stale air.
Another object of the present invention is to provide an apparatus
for supplying a continuous flow of warmed, fresh air to a ground
cavity that can utilize as a source of heat an internal combustion
engine in a truck or the like that can be located near the
manhole.
Another object of the present invention is to provide an apparatus
for supplying a continuous flow of warmed, fresh air to a ground
cavity that will heat fresh air to the temperature desired and
distribute it within the cavity in a manner that causes the air
within the cavity to be constantly moved and replaced.
Another object of the present invention is to provide an apparatus
for supplying a continuous flow of fresh air to a ground cavity
that is particularly well adapted for ease and economy of
manufacturing.
Another object of the present invention is to provide an apparatus
for supplying a continuous flow of fresh air to a ground cavity
that will provide an annular wall with a fluid tight seal around
the manhole entrance to prevent the influx of any fluid or other
materials from the surrounding street surface into the cavity.
The aforesaid objects are accomplished by a toroidal-shaped housing
formed by an inner wall member and an outer wall member connected
together at their upper ends. The outer wall member is provided
with a sealing ring that cooperates with the manhole covering ring
to provide a fluidtight seal and the inner wall member is spaced
radially inwardly from the outer wall member and extends downwardly
into the cavity, thereby forming an annular outlet for the housing.
Baffle members are provided within the toroidal housing to direct
air downwardly within the housing toward its annular outlet. The
lower skirt of the inner wall forms an annular deflector that
causes the air leaving the annular outlet to assume a circulating
flow path within the cavity. Fresh air is supplied to the housing
through an inlet in its outer wall member. In one embodiment of the
present invention the fresh air is heated within the housing as it
passes over the coils of a heating conduit mounted within the
housing. In other embodiments a unique heat-exchanger unit is
provided in a separate housing which may be located outside or
attached to the toroidal housing. The source of heat for the
heating conduit may be the cooling or exhaust system of a
conventional internal combustion engine, such as a truck that can
be conveniently parked near the manhole entrance to the cavity
being used.
Other objects, advantages and features of the present invention
will become apparent from the following detailed description taken
in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in which:
FIG. 1 is a schematic view in elevation and in section showing one
form of apparatus embodying the principles of the present
invention;
FIG. 2 is a view in elevation and in section of another form of
apparatus according to my invention;
FIG. 2a is an enlarged fragmentary view in elevation and in section
showing an outer edge portion of my apparatus that is sealed around
the manhole;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view in elevation and in section of another
form of my apparatus utilizing an internal heating conduit;
FIG. 4 is a view in elevation and in section of yet another form of
my apparatus;
FIG. 4a is a top view of the apparatus shown in FIG. 4;
FIG. 5 is a schematic plan view showing one arrangement for using
my apparatus with an engine exhaust system as a heat source;
FIG. 6 is a schematic plan view showing a modified form of the
system of FIG. 5;
FIG. 7 is a schematic plan view showing my apparatus used in
combination with an engine cooling system; and
FIG. 8 is a schematic plan view showing another form of my
apparatus using electrical heating coils.
Referring to the drawing, FIG. 1 shows an apparatus 10 according to
the principles of my invention as it appears when installed in the
manhole entrance of a cavity 12. The latter could be a ground
cavity that normally contains the cable connections for an
underground communication or power system or it could be any other
restricted enclosure such as a compartment of a ship. For such
ground cavities the manhole entrance is usually comprised of a
circular metal ring 14 that is set in the surrounding concrete or
asphalt surface. This ring has an L-shaped cross section forming a
vertical, annular shoulder 16 and a horizontal shoulder 18 that
supports the edge of a conventional circular manhole cover. The
apparatus 10 includes a housing 20 having a toroidal shape which is
adaptable to fit within the aforesaid manhole ring. This housing
may be made from any suitable sheet material such as metal or
reinforced plastic and generally it is comprised of an outer
vertical wall member 22 that extends upwardly and then inwardly to
connect with an inner wall member 24. As shown in FIG. 1, these
inner and outer wall members may be connected at their upper ends
by an integral portion 26 having an inverted U-shaped cross
section. However, this section could also be in the form of a flat
end piece that is connected to the wall members by some means such
as welding.
The outer cylindrical wall member preferably has a diameter
slightly less than that of the diameter of the vertical shoulder 16
of the ring member 14. As shown in FIG. 2a, this outer wall member
is bent near its lower end to form an annular recess 28 within
which an elastomeric O-ring 30 can be seated to form a sealing
means. Just below the recess the outer wall member 22 extends
inwardly and then downwardly to form a lower skirt portion 32 that
fits just inside the inner edge of the ring forming the manhole
entrance. When the housing is placed within the manhole entrance,
the outer wall member 22 rests on the horizontal shoulder 18 of the
ring 14 and the sealing ring 30 wedges tightly against the vertical
shoulder 16, thereby forming a fluidtight seal that prevents any
water or air from flowing over the surrounding surface into the
manhole entrance. The inner wall member 24 is longer than the outer
wall member 22 and when installed extends well inside the manhole
entrance to the cavity. At its lower end the inner wall member has
a skirt portion 34 that diverges outwardly to deflect incoming warm
air radially outwardly as it flows into the cavity.
In order to assist the flow of air through the deflector housing 20
a series of baffle members 36 are preferably connected between its
inner and outer wall members. These baffle members may be in the
form of circumferentially spaced apart thin metal strips whose side
edges may be welded or riveted to the inner surfaces of the wall
members. As shown, these baffle members curve gradually downwardly
while following the curvature of the wall members. Thus, air forced
into the housing tangentially flows in a circumferential direction
and then downwardly, so that as it flows out of the housing it is
not only deflected outwardly but also has a circulatory motion as
it passes into the cavity. This provides a beneficial effect
because, as indicated roughly by the arrows in FIG. 1, the air in
the cavity is constantly circulated and the stale air is forced out
the central opening of the housing 20.
To provide heated fresh air for the cavity at the lower annular
outlet of the housing 20, the air can be heated either before it
enters the housing or after. In FIG. 1, the general arrangement of
providing preheated air to the housing is shown schematically. The
fresh air is supplied to a suitable heater unit 38 and thence to a
fan or blower 40 that feeds the air into the housing so that, as
previously described, the warm air will circulate and be deflected
downwardly by the baffle 36. If no heat is required the unit 38 is
merely removed from the fan.
In the embodiment of FIG. 2, the heater unit or heat exchanger 38
as shown schematically comprises a housing 42 having a closed upper
end and mounted on a base 44 that surrounds a series of vertically
spaced-apart conduit coils 46. A hot fluid is fed into one end of
the coils and is exhausted from its other end at an outlet through
he housing 42. The lower edge of the housing 42 is spaced above the
base 44 so that an annular inlet for surrounding air is provided.
Extending upwardly from the base through the coils is a central
upright conduit 48 that is open at its upper end just above the
coils. At its lower end the conduit 48 extends to the blower 40
which draws air into the housing 42 and forces it into the
deflector housing 20. The heat exchanger 38 is shown as being
merely one form of such a device and it is apparent that other
heaters and exchangers could be used within the scope of the
invention.
As shown in FIGS. 4 and 4a, the blower or fan 40 may be mounted
within a side portion 49 of the housing 20 which directs the air
from the fan tangentially into the housing. The fan is mounted for
rotation in a horizontal plane and when heated air is required a
heat exchanger 38 such as shown in FIG. 2 is merely attached to the
inlet ring to the fan on the side portion 49. The heat-supplying
fluid may be supplied as previously described.
In FIG. 5, a somewhat different apparatus is shown schematically
wherein a heat exchanger 38a utilizes the exhaust from an internal
combustion engine such as on a truck 50 to provide the means for
preheating air before forcing it into the deflector housing 20. The
internal details of the heat exchanger are not shown since its
design can be established by application of well-known engineering
principles. Essentially, an inlet conduit 52 connected to the truck
exhaust pipe 54 provides the hot gases to the heat exchanger.
Within the exchanger, suitable fluid paths are provided to extract
heat from the gases, which are then removed via an outlet 56 to the
atmosphere. An inlet 58 supplies fresh air to the exchanger wherein
this air is heated and then supplied to the blower 40 whose outlet
60 is connected to the deflector housing 20, as previously
described.
The heat exchanger 38a may be a portable unit that can easily be
moved into location near the manhole being serviced, with its inlet
conduit 52 being provided with a suitable adapter to facilitate
connection to a conventional exhaust pipe on the truck. Or the heat
exchanger may be in the same general form as the changer 38 and
thus usable in either the arrangement of FIG. 2 or of FIG. 4.
In another arrangement of my invention, shown in FIG. 6, a heat
exchanger 38b is installed directly on a truck 50. Here, the heat
exchanger inlet conduit 52b is connected to a two-position valve 62
in the truck exhaust pipe which can be set to divert hot exhaust
gases into the heat exchanger when desired. The heat exchanger
takes in ambient fresh air, as previously described, and supplies
it to a blower 40 which furnishes the air direct to the deflector
housing 20.
As shown in FIGS. 3 and 7, it may be advantageous in some instances
to provide conduit coils 64 directly within a toroidal-shaped
deflector housing 20a, thereby eliminating the need for an external
heat exchanger or heat source. In this arrangement a hot fluid is
supplied to one inlet end 65 of the conduit coils 64 and is
circulated therein before being removed from its outlet end. In the
arrangement of the heat-supplying fluid is the engine-cooling
liquid from the operating engine 66 of a truck 50 that can be
located near the manhole being serviced. The inlet and outlet ends
of the conduit coils 64 which extend outside the deflector wall may
be connected by conduits 68 and 70 to the engine to circulate hot
fluid from its cooling system. Fresh air is again supplied by a
blower 40 which may be located near or at the inlet to the
deflector housing 20a. The air blown into the deflector housing is
warmed as it flows over the conduit coils 64 and then downwardly
into the manhole.
In yet another embodiment of my manhole-heating system, shown
schematically in FIG. 8, heating coils 72 are provided of electric
resistance-heating type. The electricity for such coils can be
provided through a electrical conduit 74 connected to the generator
or battery 76 of a truck 50 or to some other convenient electrical
power source near the manhole. Here again fresh air is supplied to
the deflector housing 20b by a blower 40 connected thereto which
forces air over the coils and down into the manhole cavity.
All of the aforesaid embodiments of the present invention provide
an efficient, economical and highly effective solution to the
problem of supplying fresh and heated air to a manhole cavity. Upon
removal of the conventional manhole cover from its ring 14, the
deflector housing 20 which is relatively light can be easily placed
in position. Using any of the aforesaid arrangements, fresh air
forced into the housing by the blower 40 is deflected downwardly
and radially outwardly within the manhole cavity to cause a purging
circulation that provides the required ventilation for a worker in
the cavity. When heat is a requirement, it can be supplied
conveniently and efficiently from sources normally available such
as from the engines of service trucks or other vehicles according
to the invention.
To those skilled in the art to which this invention relates, many
changes in construction and widely differing embodiments and
applications of the invention will suggest themselves without
departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. The
disclosures and the description herein are purely illustrative and
are not intended to be in any sense limiting.
* * * * *