U.S. patent number 3,607,709 [Application Number 04/806,796] was granted by the patent office on 1971-09-21 for ozone generator.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Air and Water Purification, Inc.. Invention is credited to William H. Rice.
United States Patent |
3,607,709 |
Rice |
September 21, 1971 |
OZONE GENERATOR
Abstract
This invention relates to an ozone generator basically comprised
of at least two electrodes having a dielectric therebetween. The
electrodes are made from stainless steel wire mesh and the
dielectric is a sheet of high quality material such as mica. The
ozone generator utilizes a relatively low amperage current in
conjunction with a compact and simplified mounting and electrical
connection of the generator to effectively provide substantial
amounts of ozone for purifying purposes.
Inventors: |
Rice; William H. (Akron,
OH) |
Assignee: |
Air and Water Purification,
Inc. (Akron, OH)
|
Family
ID: |
25194862 |
Appl.
No.: |
04/806,796 |
Filed: |
March 13, 1969 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
422/186.15;
422/186.07 |
Current CPC
Class: |
C01B
13/11 (20130101); C01B 2201/34 (20130101); C01B
2201/24 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
C01B
13/11 (20060101); C01b 013/12 () |
Field of
Search: |
;204/313,322 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Williams; Howard S.
Assistant Examiner: Kaplan; Neil A.
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. An ozone generator comprised of
a frame,
transformer means mounted on said frame,
an ozonizer means comprised of a plurality of substantially
parallel electrode means having a dielectric therebetween,
a pair of substantially parallel support means mounted in insulated
relationship on said frame extending substantially perpendicular to
said electrode means and supporting said ozonizer means, at least
one electrode means being connected to one of said support means
and at least one electrode means being connected to the other of
said support means,
said plurality of electrode means each including an eyebolt mounted
on said support means and extending into about the center axis of
the ozonizer means, and a pair of wire grids constituting each
electrode means being positioned on opposite faces of the eye
portion of each eyebolt and being secured to each other through the
eye portion of each eyebolt, and
means effecting electrical connection between the terminals of said
transformer means and said support means.
2. An ozone generator as in claim 1 wherein said electrode means
each include a pair of substantially rectangular flattened
stainless steel wire grids.
3. An ozone generator as in claim 1 wherein each of said support
means includes an inwardly and downwardly extending section that is
adapted to mount said eyebolts which extend into the center of the
ozonizer means to position said wire grids on a common longitudinal
axis.
4. An ozone generator according to claim 1 where the grids have a
carbon content of less than 0.08 percent, where several units of
electrode means with dielectric sheets between all electrodes of
different charge are provided, and where there is about 1/4 -inch
space between adjacent sheets of dielectric.
5. An ozone generator according to claim 1 where the generator is
adapted to operate at between 2,000 and 4,000 volts, and the grids
are made from stainless steel having a chromium content of 18
percent to 20 percent, a nickel content of 8 percent to 12 percent,
and the carbon is less than 0.08 percent, and where there is an
0.0633-inch opening between wires and an open area of 57.2
percent.
6. An ozone generator as in claim 1 wherein said dielectric is
formed from a thin piece of a substantially rectangular sheet of
mica that protrudes from all margins of said wire grids.
7. An ozone generator according to claim 6 where the mica is
muscovite having a specific gravity between 2.6 to 3.2, specific
heat of 0.207, Moh hardness of 2.8 to 3.2, Shore hardness of 80 to
150, volume resistivity in ohms/cm of 2.times.10.sup.13 to
1.times.10.sup.17 and a dielectric constant of 6.5 to 8.7.
8. An ozone generator as in claim 1 wherein each of said support
means is comprised of an L-shaped angle forming seats which receive
and support the dielectric of the ozonizer means.
9. An ozone generator as in claim 8 wherein the L-shaped angles
have vertically extending legs inclined slightly outwardly out of
vertical whereby the dielectric sheets can be slid into the seats
formed by the flanges and be firmly held in position because of the
close relationship between the grids secured to adjacent ones of
said electrode means.
Description
A general object of the present invention is to provide a small,
compact, relatively inexpensive, but efficient and low in
operational cost ozone generator which is particularly adapted for
home use or for purification with larger systems.
Other objects of the invention are to provide novel means for
positioning improved electrode assemblies in an ozone generator, to
provide a durable generator, to produce an ozone generator of low
cost but high capacity, and to form special electrode assemblies
for an ozone generator.
In order to better understand the apparatus of the invention,
reference should be had to the accompanying drawings wherein:
FIG. 1 is a side elevation of the ozone generator of the invention
with the cover plate thereof removed to particularly illustrate the
structure and diagrammatically show the electrical interconnection
of the components of the generator;
FIG. 2 is an enlarged, fragmentary, broken away cross-sectional
view of the ozone-generating plates, as particularly seen from line
2--2 of FIG. 1; and
FIG. 3 is a fragmentary side elevation of a portion of the ozone
generator assembly alone.
Referring to the drawings in greater detail, and with particular
reference to FIG. 1, the numeral 10 generally indicates the ozone
generator of the invention. The generator consists of a metal frame
12 which includes a pair of legs 14 and 16 or other supports.
Mounted to the frame 12, as by suitable insulated brackets 18, is a
transformer 20. The transformer 20 is a special low amperage,
heavily insulated type particularly adapted for use in the ozone
generator of the invention, its current output usually being less
than one-half amp, but at from about 2,000 to about 4,000 volts.
Such output being controllable by the load applied, power input
etc. of the transformer. Input leads 22 and 24 are connected to the
transformer to effect connection of the transformer with a source
of electrical energy. Input lead 24 is provided with a manually
operated rheostat 26 in order to control the current flow to the
transformer 20, and input lead 22 is provided with a control switch
28 and a circuit breaker 30. The switch 28, circuit breaker 30, and
rheostat 26 are usually mounted on the frame 12 and available for
control action.
The actual ozone-producing means or ozonizer of the generator 10 is
generally illustrated by the numeral 32. As will be explained in
greater detail hereinafter, the ozonizer consists of a plurality of
metal electrodes separated from each other by a suitable
dielectric. The electrodes are spaced apart from each other leaving
an airspace between them at which an electric discharge referred to
as the corona discharge or corona effect takes place, resulting in
the conversion of the oxygen in the airgap to ozone.
In order to support the ozonizer 32 in the frame 12, a pair of
elongate brackets, bars, angles or flanges 34 and 36 are provided.
The brackets 34 and 36 are substantially L-shaped members forming
seats which support the components of the ozonizer 32. Second
support flanges or bars 38 and 40 are welded or otherwise suitably
secured to flanges 34 and 36, respectively, the flanges or members
38 and 40 being mounted in insulated relationship to the frame 12
by suitable ceramic insulating mounts 42 and 44, respectively. A
suitable lead 46 effects an electrical connection between the
flange 40 and the frame 12 or ground, and the transformer output
leads 48 and 49 effect operative electrical connections between the
transformer 20 and the mounting flanges or angles 34 and 36,
respectively. Thus, the flanges 34 and 36 provide a very easy and
convenient way to connect the ozonizer 32 electrically and to
supply power to the alternate grid components of the ozonizer.
As is best illustrated by FIG. 1, edge portions 50 and 52,
respectively, of the L-shaped flanges or angles 34 and 36 are bent
out of the plane formed by the horizontal leg of the flanges.
Mounted in substantially perpendicular relationship to
longitudinally spaced portions of the bent portion 50 of the flange
34, as by suitable nuts 54 or other means, are conductive-mounting
means shown as two or more eyebolts 56 and 58 which extend into
substantially the center axis of the ozonizer 32. In like manner, a
series of metal eyebolts 60 are mounted on the bent portion 52 of
the flange 36 in axially spaced relation and with the eyebolts 60
also extending into the center axis of the ozonizer 32 and
positioned between eyebolts 56 and 58. The eye portions of eyebolts
56, 58 and 60 are substantially in alignment with each other.
Referring to the ozonizer 32 in greater detail, as shown in FIG. 2,
a pair of substantially square or rectangular flattened wire meshes
or grids are associated with the eye portion of each eyebolt 56, 58
and 60. For example, as best illustrated by FIG. 2, grids 62 and 64
are positioned on opposite sides or faces of the eye portion of the
eyebolt 56, with the center portions of both grids being pushed
together and welded to each other at 56a in the eye portion of the
eyebolt 56. In a like manner, grids 66 and 68 are positioned on the
eyebolt 58 with the center portions of the grids being welded to
each other at 58a in the eye portion of the eyebolt 58. A pair of
grids 70 and 72 are positioned on the eyebolt 60, the center
portions thereof being welded to each other at 60a in the eye
portion of the eyebolt 60. All of the wire grids are substantially
identical to each other and are formed from a wire diameter mesh of
about 0.020 inches. The dimensions of the wire grids are about 21/4
inches .times. 11/2 inches and they preferably are centered on the
eyes of the eyebolts. The grids are manufactured from a stainless
steel having a chromium content of 18 percent to 20 percent, and a
nickel content of 8 percent to 12 percent. Carbon is restricted to
0.08 maximum. The grid has an 0.0633-inch opening between the wire,
and an open area of about 57.2 percent. The wire grids serve as the
electrodes of the ozonizer 32 with the electrical or corona
discharge at the grids of the charged eyebolts producing the ozone,
and their design criteria, as set forth above, are critical to the
maximum performance of the apparatus of the invention.
Supported by and extending between flanges 34 and 36 and positioned
between and separating grids 64 and 72 is a dielectrical plate 74.
Also supported by flanges 34 and 36 and positioned between and
separating grids 68 and 70 is a similar dielectric plate or sheet
76. Dielectric plates 74 and 76 are each formed from a very thin
sheet of high-grade insulated material such as mica and are
equivalent insulators in the apparatus. The purpose of such
dielectric plates 74 and 76 is to effectively control the corona
discharge between the wire grids. Each sheet of mica 82 is
approximately 0.0025 -inch thick. The dimensions of the dielectric
plates are about 21/2 inches .times. 31/4 inches to extend beyond
the wire grids about 1/2 inch in all directions. The mica is
muscovite and at least ASTM V-7 standard or better. It has a
specific gravity between 2.6 to 3.2, specific heat of 0.207, Moh
hardness of 2.8 to 3.2, Shore hardness of 80 to 150, Volume
Resistivity ohm/cm.sup.3 of 2.times.10.sup.13 to 1.times.10.sup.17
and a dielectric constant of 6.5 to 8.7. The insulator sheets or
equivalents are critical to the proper operating performance of the
apparatus of the invention. The thickness of these sheets is not
shown proportionally in the drawings.
Actual operation of the ozone generator of the invention is
achieved by closing the switch 28 so that electric current is
supplied to the transformer 20. Rheostat 26 is manually set to
control the amount of current flow and hence control the volume
and/or rate of ozone production desired. The output current of the
transformer 20 flows by leads 48 and 49 to insulated angles or
flanges 34 and 36 and it will also be transmitted to the grids 62
and 64 on the eyebolt 56, and the grids 66 and 68 on the eyebolt 58
while the grids 70 and 72 connecting to the eyebolts 60 will be
grounded. Upon charging of the grids alternately in this manner,
the electrical discharge or corona effect will take place at the
grids 62 and 64; 66 and 68 etc., resulting in the conversion of
oxygen in or flowing through the airgaps between the respective
grids to ozone. A plurality of vents or holes 84 are provided in
the top portion of the frame 12 and holes 86 are formed in a bottom
plate 88 to allow the ozone produced to diffuse into the
surrounding air. Or, preferably, the generator unit 10 is
positioned in an enclosure or has an inlet and an outlet provided
therefor and external means (not shown) will force air or other
gases through the unit for ozonification. The frame 12 can be
grounded in any suitable manner.
The unique arrangement of the brackets 34 and 36 so that they
provide a supporting seat for the dielectric plates 74 and 76 of
the ozonizer 32 while also mounting the respective eyebolts in
properly angled and longitudinally spaced relation to each other
allows the actual ozonizer 32 of the ozone generator 10 to be
easily and quickly constructed. The upwardly extending legs of the
brackets 34 and 36 are inclined slightly out of the vertical away
from each other so that the dielectrics 74 and 76 can be readily
slid into the seat formed by the brackets and are held in position
by the adjacent grid and eyebolt units in the apparatus. Such
mounting arrangement including the mounting and spacer eyebolts
allows the unit to be easily and quickly assembled, while at the
same time providing ready access to the components of the ozonizer
32 in case of any malfunctioning of the ozone-producing unit. It
also greatly simplifies the electrical interconnection. Usually the
metal components of the generator 32 are formed from stainless
steel to avoid corrosion. As indicated in FIG. 3, any number of
aligned grid units may be provided in the generator unit. The
eyebolts are made from stainless steel, are current conductors, and
may be of any suitable size. However, the stainless steel eyebolts
are of such thickness that the insulator (mica) sheets 74 and 76
are on 1/4 -inch centers.
The stainless steel grids of the size disclosed with the thin but
larger area mica sheets therebetween have been very efficient in
the production of high purity ozone in good volume at low initial,
as well as operating, cost at the range of voltages stated
hereinbefore.
The flattened wire grids 62, 64 etc. are parallel to each other in
use and maximum efficiency is obtained when at least one charged
grid, as the grid 68, is provided at each end of the aligned stack
of ozonator grids in the apparatus of the invention. The grids 62,
64 etc. are flattened prior to assembly with the eyebolts and are
shown diagrammatically in the drawings rather than in proper
flattened form.
The metal frame is made from stainless steel or other suitable
material treated to resist corrosion by the ozone.
The output air from the ozone generator may be used in water, air
and/or sewage purification action in any conventional manner.
While in accordance with the patent statutes only one best known
embodiment of the invention has been illustrated and described in
detail, it is to be particularly understood that the invention is
not limited thereto or thereby, but that the inventive scope is
defined in the appended claims.
* * * * *