U.S. patent number 3,607,381 [Application Number 04/737,170] was granted by the patent office on 1971-09-21 for spray process for creating electrical circuits.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Platron Corporation. Invention is credited to Thomas Edward Fairbairn.
United States Patent |
3,607,381 |
Fairbairn |
September 21, 1971 |
SPRAY PROCESS FOR CREATING ELECTRICAL CIRCUITS
Abstract
Electrically conductive pathways are applied to a metallic base
by means of the plasma flame spray process, which process is also
employed to apply an intermediate layer of ceramic insulation. The
conductor pattern is formed into a kaolin template through which
the powdered copper conductor material is sprayed.
Inventors: |
Fairbairn; Thomas Edward
(Westland, MI) |
Assignee: |
Platron Corporation (Detroit,
MI)
|
Family
ID: |
24962851 |
Appl.
No.: |
04/737,170 |
Filed: |
June 14, 1968 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
427/448; 427/259;
427/97.3; 427/453 |
Current CPC
Class: |
H05K
1/053 (20130101); C23C 4/01 (20160101); H05K
3/14 (20130101); H05K 2203/1344 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
C23C
4/00 (20060101); H05K 1/05 (20060101); H05K
3/14 (20060101); B05b 007/20 (); B44d 001/18 () |
Field of
Search: |
;117/227,201,217,38,212,201,105.2,46FS,5.5 ;118/504 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Leavitt; Alfred L.
Assistant Examiner: Grimaldi; Alan
Claims
I claim:
1. The method of applying the current conductors of an electrical
circuit to a metallic supporting base surface which comprises the
steps of:
cleaning and roughening the supporting base surface;
spraying a powdered bonding material onto the supporting base
surface by means of a high-temperature flame spray process;
spraying a powdered ceramic insulation layer onto the bonding
material on the supporting base surface by means of the
high-temperature flame spray process;
applying a reusable self-supporting supporting template of high
heat resistant kaolin fiber paper to the ceramic-coated supporting
base surface, said template conforming to the desired configuration
of the electrical circuit conductors;
spraying a powdered electricity-conducting material through said
template and onto said ceramic-coated base surface by means of the
high-temperature flame spray process without destroying said
template, whereby an electrical circuit corresponding to the
configuration of said template is formed on top of said
ceramic-coated base surface, with said ceramic coating insulating
said current conductors from said metallic supporting base
surface.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein said paper template is pretreated
on both sides by the application of a ceramic coating by means of
the plasma flame spray process.
Description
BACKGROUND OF INVENTION
In the past, several problems have made it virtually impossible to
fabricate acceptable high current capacity conductors by the spray
process. One such problem was that the copper deposited by the
spray was relatively porous and therefore had too high electrical
resistance. Another problem was that there was no rapid and
economical way to apply the conductor material in the desired
pattern, mainly because of the extremely high temperatures of the
plasma stream which have heretofor disintegrated any material used
to mask the areas not to be coated by the copper spray. Metal
templates are undesirable because the free electrons present in
metals are readily surrendered to the plasma stream thus
overheating the template.
Hence, it is the principal object of this invention to create a
process for economically depositing a high current capacity
conductor path pattern upon a supporting base by a spray
process.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING
The FIGURE is an exploded perspective view of a base structure to
which an insulating layer and circuit conductors have been applied
using a template in accordance with the process of this
invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Referring to the drawings, there is illustrated a metallic base 10
upon which electrical circuit conductors 12 are to be formed by
spraying a powdered electrical conductor through template 14. Base
10 may be steel or aluminum or any other metallic surface upon
which it is desired to place an electrical circuit. The surface of
base 10 is first prepared by a cleaning and roughening process,
which may be accomplished by a grit blast or by grinding.
Next, the surface of base 10 is coated with a bond-enhancing
material 16. This material is applied by the plasma flame spray
process, a well-known process for applying powdered metals and
ceramics in a stream of high-temperature ionized gas. One such
bonding material which has been successfully employed is a nickel
alumina powder manufactured by the Metco Company of Long Island,
New York, and is identified as Metco 450. During the application of
this bonding material to base 10, it is desirable to keep the base
cool by the application of an air or nitrogen stream to the base.
The thickness of this layer of bonding material 16 is preferably
two- or three-thousandths of an inch, depending upon the thickness
of the circuit to be applied thereto.
The next step is to apply an insulation layer 18 on top of the
bonding material 16. The purpose of such a layer 18 is to insulate
the subsequently applied electrical circuit conductors from
metallic base 10. An insulator which has worked successfully is an
aluminum oxide ceramic powder identified as Metco 105. This is a
white powder chosen for its color and abrasion resistance and
hardness as well as its excellent properties as a dielectric and
thermal insulator. Another ceramic which can be used is Metco 1161,
an alumina-type titanium composite. The important criteria is ohmic
resistance. Layer 18 should be sprayed on rather heavily, up to
one-sixteenth of an inch, so that the resistance through it will be
on the order of 10 megohms.
To prevent moisture absorption by the ceramic, a Metcoseal phenolic
resin can be applied to the ceramic after it has been cleaned by
grit blasting.
The next step is the preparation of the template 14. The template
must be fabricated of a material capable of withstanding the
extremely high temperatures present in the plasma flame spray. A
material which has been successfully employed is a ceramic fiber
paper known as kaolin manufactured by the Nickel Lead Company of
Hamilton, Ohio. More specifically, kaolin is a hydrous silicate of
aluminum having a formula of H.sub.4 A1.sub.2 Si.sub.2 O.sub.9.
This material comes in a thickness of 1/16 to 1/18 of an inch, and
can be readily cut by a knife or diecutting machine. Kaolin is
capable of withstanding temperatures of well over 3,200.degree. F.
without disintegrating. If water is applied to the kaolin, it
becomes pliable to permit it to conform to curved supports if
necessary.
Depending upon the production circumstances, the template can
either be expendable or it can be processed to be reusable
indefinitely. Such processing to increase its useful life
preferably comprises applying by the plasma flame process a ceramic
coating to both sides of the template, the ceramic having a
slightly higher melting point than the copper formulation which
will be subsequently sprayed through the template. During this
preparation of the template, it is desirable to cool the kaolin
with water or air. A Metco masking compound can thereafter be brush
applied to the surface to prevent further buildup of metal during
the subsequent copper spraying operation. This masking compound
should be reapplied after each copper spray operation.
An alternative treatment is to apply a silica slurry to the
underside of the template, so as to increase its rigidity. A
further alternative is to apply a boric acid powder to the surface
and melt the powder with a low-temperature plasma flame to create a
boric glass to provide greater rigidity. Boric acid also prevents
subsequent oxidation of the template. A rigid peripheral frame may
also be used. Such a frame could be made magnetic to aid in
anchoring it.
The template is then placed upon the ceramic insulating layer 18.
It has been found that retention and adherence of the kaolin
template to a flat or curved ceramic surface 18 can be improved by
wetting the template with water. This also functions to keep the
template from overheating.
Next, the plasma flame spray gun is utilized to spray the copper
through the template onto the ceramic surface. The copper may be in
the form of a glass copper powder manufactured by Metco and
identified as XT1159, in a mixture of 140 and 235 meshes.
After the copper has been applied, the conductor surface can be
polished if desired. Furthermore, a layer of ceramic insulation can
be spray applied over the surface if desired in order to prevent
impact and abrasion damage to the circuitry and also to protect
persons from electrical shock.
Although this invention has been described as applied to the making
of electrically conductive pathways, the template disclosed and
claimed herein could similarly be employed in conjunction with the
plasma flame spray process to form artistic designs or signs, as
well as other types of metallic patterns.
This invention may be further developed within the scope of the
following claims. Accordingly, the above specification is to be
interpreted as illustrative of only one operative embodiment of
this invention, rather than in a strictly limited sense.
* * * * *