U.S. patent number 3,604,504 [Application Number 05/036,972] was granted by the patent office on 1971-09-14 for flexible heat pipe.
This patent grant is currently assigned to RCA Corporation. Invention is credited to James Lee Hess, Sebastian William Kessler, Jr..
United States Patent |
3,604,504 |
Kessler, Jr. , et
al. |
September 14, 1971 |
FLEXIBLE HEAT PIPE
Abstract
A heat pipe comprising a flexible sealed envelope and an
internal wick structure comprising two sets of cross-members in
transverse relation to each other, the cross-members being
transverse to the flexible axis of the envelope. The wick structure
may be a cylindrical mesh screen consisting of orthogonal metal
wires disposed within a cylindrical metal bellows such that each of
the cross wires is at an angle with respect to the flexible axis of
the bellows.
Inventors: |
Kessler, Jr.; Sebastian William
(Lancaster, PA), Hess; James Lee (Lancaster, PA) |
Assignee: |
RCA Corporation (N/A)
|
Family
ID: |
21891725 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/036,972 |
Filed: |
May 13, 1970 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
165/46;
165/104.26 |
Current CPC
Class: |
F28D
15/046 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
F28D
15/04 (20060101); F28d 015/00 () |
Field of
Search: |
;165/105 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Other References
seeley; J. H., Combination Cooling System, IBM Technical Disclosure
Bulletin, Vol. II, No. 7, 12/1968.
|
Primary Examiner: Davis, Jr.; Albert W.
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. A heat pipe comprising:
a. a flexible sealed envelope having a longitudinal axis;
b. a wick structure within said envelope, comprising a plurality of
first crossmembers in transverse relation to a plurality of second
crossmembers, said first crossmembers and said second crossmembers
each being transverse to said axis; and
c. a working fluid saturating said wick structure within said
envelope.
2. The heat pipe of claim 1, wherein said first crossmembers are in
slidable relation to said second crossmembers.
3. The heat pipe of claim 1, wherein said first crossmembers are
bonded to said second crossmembers.
4. The heat pipe of claim 1, wherein the angle between each of said
first crossmembers and each of said second crossmembers is in the
range from about 30.degree. to about 150.degree..
5. A heat pipe comprising:
a. a cylindrical flexible metal bellows;
b. means sealing said bellows at the opposite ends thereof;
c. a cylindrical wick structure within said bellows, comprising a
plurality of first metal crossmembers in slidable transverse
relation to a plurality of second metal crossmembers, said first
crossmembers and said second crossmembers each being transverse to
the longitudinal axis of said bellows; and
d. a working fluid saturating said wick structure within said
bellows.
6. The heat pipe of claim 5, wherein said first crossmembers are
interwoven with said second crossmembers.
7. The heat pipe of claim 5, wherein each of said first
crossmembers is orthogonal to each of said second crossmembers.
8. The heat pipe of claim 5, wherein each of said first and second
crossmembers is at an angle of about 45.degree. with respect to
said longitudinal axis.
9. The heat pipe of claim 5, wherein said first crossmembers are
substantially equally spaced constant-sized wires and said second
crossmembers are substantially equally spaced constant-sized
wires.
10. The heat pipe of claim 9, wherein the spacing and size of said
first cross wires are substantially equal to the spacing and size,
respectively, of said second cross wires.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to a novel heat pipe and particularly to a
flexible heat pipe having increased flexibility.
A prior flexible heat pipe has a sealed envelope comprising a
hollow cylindrical bellows which is flexible along its longitudinal
axis. Such a heat pipe is disclosed by G. Y. Eastman in "The Heat
Pipe --A Progress Report," Proceedings of Fourth Intersociety
Energy Conservation Engineering Conference, Sept. 1969. Disposed
within the envelope is a flexible wick structure, which is
saturated by a suitable working fluid. Usually, the wick structure
comprises a porous mesh screen consisting of two orthogonal sets of
interwoven cross wires. The screen in wound into a cylinder and
then inserted within the bellows such that one set of cross wires
is parallel to the longitudinal axis of the bellows.
Wick structures made in this manner tend to be very stiff along the
desired axis of heat pipe flexibility. This is because the wires
which are parallel to the longitudinal axis of the bellows cannot
readily change their lengths when the heat pipe is flexed or bent.
Thus, prior heat pipes have had poor flexibility. Also, the bending
of such heat pipes has often resulted in mechanical failure of the
wick structures, e.g., broken cross wires.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The novel heat pipe comprises a flexible sealed envelope having a
longitudinal axis and an internal wick structure comprising a
plurality of first crossmembers in transverse relation to a
plurality of second crossmembers. Both the first and the second
crossmembers are transverse to the flexible axis. The wick
structure is saturated by a suitable working fluid.
By being transverse relative to one another and transverse to the
flexible axis, the first and second crossmembers can readily change
their effective lengths, in bending regions of the wick structure,
when the heat pipe is bent. Thus, the novel heat pipe is more
flexible than are prior heat pipes. Also, the problems of
mechanical failure of the wick structures are greatly reduced.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a longitudinal view, partly in axial section, of an
example of the novel heat pipe.
FIG. 2 is a sectional view, along the line 2--2, of the heat pipe
of FIG. 1.
FIG. 3 is an enlarged perspective view of a portion of the wick
structure of FIG. 1, and
FIG. 4 illustrates a method of shaping the wick structure of FIG.
1.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
In the example shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the novel heat pipe
comprises an envelope 11 consisting of a long cylindrical stainless
steel bellows 13 having flexibility along its longitudinal axis 14.
The bellows 13 is sealed at each of its opposite ends to a
cup-shaped end member 15 made of copper. Disposed within the
envelope 11 and adjacent the inner walls thereof is a cylindrical
wick structure 17 made of stainless steel wire mesh. The envelope
11 also contains a quantity of acetone working fluid sufficient to
saturate the wick structure 17.
The wick structure 17, shown in detail in FIG. 3, comprises a
plurality of first cross wires 19 orthogonal to and interwoven with
a plurality of second cross wires 21. The cross wires 19 and 21 are
not bonded at their cross over points, so that the wires are
slidable with respect to each other. The wick structure 17 is
disposed within the envelope 11 such that each of the cross wires
19 and 21 is at an angle of about 45.degree. with respect to the
longitudinal axis 14 of the bellows 13. Thus, when the heat pipe is
flexed or bent along the flexible axis 14, the cross wires 19 and
21 can slide with respect to each other and thereby change their
effective lengths in the direction of the axis 14, in the bending
regions of the wick structure 17.
FIG. 4 illustrates a method of shaping the wick structure 17. The
starting structure is a square mesh screen comprising a plurality
of first stainless steel cross wires 19' orthogonal to and
interwoven with a plurality of second stainless steel cross wires
21'. The cross wires 19' are parallel to two parallel sides of the
square, and the cross wires 21' are parallel to the other two
parallel sides of the square. Each side of the square has a length
equal to "(a+ b)/ 2", where "a" is the length of the wick structure
17 and "b " is the rolled-out width of the wick structure 17. That
is, "b" is equal to "n .pi.d," where "d " is the effective diameter
of the wick structure 17 and "n " is the number of wraps of the
wire mesh constituting the wick structure 17. The square mesh
screen is first shaped into a rectangular mesh screen having two
parallel sides of length "a " and two parallel sides of length "b,
" by suitable cutting or slicing the former at 45.degree. angles as
indicated in FIG. 4. The rectangular mesh screen is then rolled or
wound about its longitudinal axis to effect the cylindrical wick
structure 17. Thus, the cross wires 19' and 21' of the rectangular
mesh screen become the cross wires 19 and 21, respectively, of the
wick structure 17.
The heat pipe may be assembled by the following procedure. The wick
structure 17 is inserted within the open bellows 13. One end of the
bellows 13 is welded to the open end of one of the end members 15.
The other end of the bellows 13 is welded to the open end of the
other end member 15, which has an exhaust tabulation (not shown).
The exhaust tubulation is connected to a suitable vacuum exhaust
system and also to a source of acetone working fluid, by valve
means (none of which is shown). The assembled heat pipe is
evacuated and then filled with the acetone working fluid. The
completed heat pipe is sealed by pinching off the exhaust
tubulation.
A heat pipe as described above was constructed to conduct 20 watts
at 40.degree. C, over a distance of 18 inches. The wick structure
had an effective diameter of about 0.5 inch and comprised 2 wraps
of 120 .times.120 stainless steel wire mesh screen. The flexibility
of the heat pipe along its longitudinal axis was grater than that
previously obtainable, and the heat pipe operated successfully in a
space environment for more than 100 hours.
GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS
There are various configurations embodying the invention. The
bellows may be other than cylindrical in shape; for example, it may
have a substantially square, rectangular, or oval cross section.
Also, the cross section may be nonuniform over its length. Where
acetone is employed as the working fluid, the bellows may be made
of copper, copper alloy, or ferrous alloy, instead of stainless
steel. Where another working fluid, such as water, is employed, the
bellows may be made of any of various materials not corroded
thereby.
The wick structure may also be other than cylindrical in shape; and
it may be spaced from, rather than adjacent to, the inner walls of
the heat pipe envelope. Depending upon the working fluid employed,
the wick structure may be made of a material other than stainless
steel, such as copper, copper alloy, or ferrous alloy. The
crossmembers comprising the wick structure may be strips, rather
than wires, made of the suitable material, and the sizes and
spacings of the crossmembers may vary, instead of remaining
constant. Also, the number of first crossmembers may be different
from, rather than the same as, the number of second
crossmembers.
The two sets of crossmembers may be other than orthogonal
(90.degree.) to each other; in general, they may be in transverse
relation. Experiments have shown that heat pipe flexibility is near
maximum when the angle between the two sets of crossmembers is in
the range from about 30.degree. (90.degree.-60.degree.) to about
150.degree. (90.degree.+60.degree.). Also, the wick structure need
not be disposed such that the crossmembers are each at an angle of
45.degree. with respect to the longitudinal axis of the bellows.
Each of the crossmembers need merely be transverse to the flexible
axis.
The crossmembers may be interconnected (e.g., interlinked), rather
than interwoven, so as to be slidable with respect to one another.
However, the crossmembers need not be slidable with respect to one
another. If they are not too stiff, the crossmembers may be bonded
(e.g., spot welded) at their crossover points. The transverse
relationship of the two sets of crossmembers to each other and also
to the flexible axis will permit the bonded crossmembers to change
their effective axial lengths in the bending regions of the wick
structure. For example, a square capillary pore defined by four
bonded cross wires may be stretched or compressed into a
diamond-shaped opening by suitably bending the wick structure.
While the wick structure may be guided by the walls of the bellows,
it is not supported thereby as a coating would be. This
self-supporting quality is necessary to leave the crossmembers free
to adjust their effective lengths when the heat pipe is flexed or
bent. However, the wick structure may be attached to one or both of
the end members. Depending upon the heat conductivity and other
requirements thereof, the end members may be other than cup-shaped
and made of a material other than copper.
* * * * *