U.S. patent number 3,604,344 [Application Number 04/858,299] was granted by the patent office on 1971-09-14 for method of smoothing surfaces of blanks of fiber mass and a smoothing machine to carry the method into effect.
Invention is credited to Preben Einar Roar Orstam.
United States Patent |
3,604,344 |
Orstam |
September 14, 1971 |
METHOD OF SMOOTHING SURFACES OF BLANKS OF FIBER MASS AND A
SMOOTHING MACHINE TO CARRY THE METHOD INTO EFFECT
Abstract
A method and a machine for smoothing surfaces of blanks of fiber
mass by passing the blanks beneath a smoothing roller by means of a
conveyor while keeping the smoothing roller at an elevated
temperature and driving the roller with a peripheral speed which is
different from the advancing speed of the conveyor.
Inventors: |
Orstam; Preben Einar Roar
(Copenhagen, DK) |
Family
ID: |
8134722 |
Appl.
No.: |
04/858,299 |
Filed: |
September 16, 1969 |
Foreign Application Priority Data
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Sep 23, 1968 [DK] |
|
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4567/1968 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
100/35; 100/38;
100/74; 100/328; 100/334; 100/331; 100/153 |
Current CPC
Class: |
D21J
7/00 (20130101); D21J 1/00 (20130101); D21J
3/00 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
D21J
1/00 (20060101); D21J 3/00 (20060101); D21J
7/00 (20060101); B30b 013/00 (); B30b 015/34 () |
Field of
Search: |
;100/35,38,153,154,74,75,93RP,92 ;118/60,101 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Price; William I.
Claims
Having now fully described my invention I claim as new and desire
to protect by Letters Patent:
1. A method of smoothing surfaces of blanks of fiber mass,
comprising keeping the blanks on a conveyor, advancing the blanks
by means of said conveyor towards a smoothing roller and passing
the blanks beneath said roller in such a way that a pressure
contact is maintained between the peripheral surface of the roller
and the surface of the blank being smoothed while keeping the
smoothing roller at an elevated temperature, preferably between
100.degree. C. and 300.degree. C. and driving the smoothing roller
at a peripheral speed which is different from the advancing speed
of the conveyor.
2. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the blanks
are conveyed to the smoothing roller with a predetermined minimum
moisture content.
3. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the
peripheral speed of the smoothing roller is approximately twice the
rate of advance of the blanks.
4. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the blanks
are advanced successively under several smoothing rollers
positioned one after the other, the contact pressure of the rollers
increasing from roller to roller as seen in the travelling
direction.
5. A method according to claim 1, wherein the blanks comprise at
least two parts interconnected by means of a grooved hinge flap,
e.g. egg cartons consisting of a bottom portion and a lid,
characterized in that the hinged blanks are passed through the
smoothing machine with their hinge grooves extending in the
travelling direction, an after-grooving being performed in the
grooves during the passage of the blanks through the machine.
6. A method of smoothing surfaces of blanks of fiber mass according
to claim 1, wherein the smoothing roller is a heated pressure
roller, advancing the blanks having a predetermined minimum
moisture content by means of said conveyor towards said heated
pressure roller, the blanks being held by the conveyor during their
advance and passage beneath the pressure roller and their surfaces
while being smoothed being supported by the conveyor, and
subjecting the surface portions of the blanks being smoothed
respectively to a pressure resulting in only a partial compression
of the fiber mass thereof.
7. A smoothing machine for smoothing surfaces of blanks of fiber
mass, comprising a conveyor adapted to individual advancement of
the blanks, a smoothing roller arranged in a superjacent position
relative to the conveyor, a heating device for heating the roller
and a driving motor for rotating the roller at a peripheral speed
which is different from the advancing speed of the conveyor.
8. A smoothing machine according to claim 7, characterized in that
a moistening device is provided before the smoothing roller as seen
in the travelling direction.
9. A smoothing machine according to claim 7, characterized in that
a plurality of rollers is positioned in succession above the
conveyor, one after another, all the rollers being arranged in the
travelling direction of the conveyor at a distance therefrom
decreasing from roller to roller.
10. A smoothing machine according to claim 7, for carrying out the
method according to claim 5, characterized in that at least one
rotatable after-grooving roller or disc is arranged in a plane
parallel to the travelling direction of the conveyor and
transversely of the axial direction of the smoothing roller, said
after-grooving roller or disc being adapted to engage said hinge
grooves.
Description
The present invention relates to a method of smoothing surfaces of
blanks of fiber mass, according to which the blanks are kept on a
conveyor and individually advanced under a smoothing roller for
smoothing said surfaces.
Blanks of this nature, e.g. egg cartons, are usually produced by
precipitation of fiber mass on a suction mould of fine wire
netting. As a rule the surfaces of the blanks are rather soft.
Furthermore, as the blanks are often produced in such a way that
the sides of the blanks, abutting the suction mould constitute the
outer sides of the blanks when these are put to use, the outer
sides will as a rule be covered with net marks corresponding to the
reticular design of the suction mould.
This may have the effect that the appearance of the blanks becomes
unattractive, and the two phenomena will be particularly annoying
when the said surfaces of the blanks are to be provided with an
imprint, because usually the imprints will not be neat, sharply
defined and uniform. In order to improve the imprint it has already
been suggested to smooth the printing surface of the blank before
advancing the blank to the printing apparatus, the blank being
advanced under a freely rotatable smoothing roller which together
with countermembers defines a slit which is smaller than the
original wall thickness of the part of the blank which is to
receive the imprint. Thus, the said part of the blank is compressed
with the result that a surface is produced which is firmer and
smoother than the original surface and therefore better suited for
receiving imprints than an untreated surface of the blank.
It is the object of the present invention to indicate how to obtain
a further improvement in the surface treatment in order to produce
a firm and smooth surface, thus not only improving the appearance
of the surface but also making it better suited for receiving
imprints.
According toe invention the object is achieved by keeping the
smoothing roller at an elevated temperature, preferably between
100.degree. and 300.degree. C., at the same time driving the roller
at a peripheral speed differing from the speed with which the
blanks are advanced under the roller.
In this way a distinct ironing effect is obtained, the treated
surface becoming particularly firm and smooth. The effect is
substantial because as a rule the blanks conveyed to the machine
contain a certain residual content of moisture, so that on account
of the heat treatment also the moisture content contributes toward
producing a firm and smooth surface. If necessary, the moisture
content of the blanks may be regulated before the blanks are
delivered to the smoothing roller. According to the invention a
particularly effective ironing effect is obtained by selecting a
peripheral speed of the smoothing roller approximately twice the
speed of the advancing blanks.
Furthermore, according to the invention it may be particularly
appropriate to carry out the smoothing stepwise, the blanks being
advanced successively under several smoothing rollers positioned
one after the other, said rollers being driven as explained in the
foregoing and producing a contact pressure increasing from roller
to roller in the travelling direction. Thus it becomes possible to
work with optimal ironing effects from roller to roller, the total
smoothing work leading to a particularly good final result.
If the blanks to be treated consist of at least two parts
interconnected by means of a grooved hinge flap, e.g. egg cartons
consisting of a bottom portion and a lid, the blanks may according
to the invention be passed through the smoothing machine with their
hinge groove or grooves extending in the travelling direction, an
after-grooving of the groove or grooves being performed during the
passage of the blanks through the machine. In this way the force
keeping the blanks on the conveyor and being necessary to carry
through an effective smoothing of the surface to be treated is also
utilized to carry out an effective after-grooving of the hinge
groove, so that the density of the material in the area of the
hinge is increased. By means of such an after-treatment a
strengthening of the hinge area and an improvement of the
movability of the hinge will be obtained. The vibrations which may
occur owing to the after-grooving operation will not be detrimental
to the smoothing work, but the vibrations may be troublesome if the
after-grooving is e.g. performed in a subsequent printing machine
where they may lead to blurred imprints.
The invention also relates to a smoothing machine to carry the
method into effect, said machine comprising a conveyor for the
blanks and a superjacent smoothing roller, and according to the
invention the machine is characteristic in that the smoothing
roller is provided with a heating device and connected to a driving
motor. According to the invention a moistening device may be
provided before the smoothing roller as seen in the travelling
direction in order to regulate the moisture content of the blanks.
If, as mentioned in the foregoing, the smoothing is to be carried
out in steps a plurality of smoothing rollers may according to the
invention be positioned in succession above the conveyor, said
rollers being shaped as described in the foregoing and arranged in
the travelling direction at a distance from the conveyor decreasing
from roller to roller.
In order to carry out the after-grooving the smoothing machine may
according to the invention have at least one rotatable
after-grooving roller or disc arranged in a plane extending
parallel to the traveling direction of the conveyor and
transversely of the axial direction of the smoothing roller, said
roller or disc being adapted so as to engage said hinge groove or
grooves.
The invention will now be explained in more detail, reference being
had to the drawings wherein
FIG. 1 is a side view of an embodiment of a smoothing machine
according to the invention,
FIG. 2 is a longitudinal section on an increased scale through one
of the smoothing rollers of the machine with appurtenant bearings
and driving means,
FIG. 3 is a cross section through the roller along the line
III--III in FIG. 2,
FIG. 4 shows on an increased scale and partly in section a
mechanism for after-grooving the hinge groove in the hinge flap
between two portions together constituting a blank to be
treated.
Revolving rollers 2 and 3 are mounted in bearings on a frame 1 and
constitute parts of a conveyor comprising endless conveyor chains 4
carrying counterblocks 5 for the blanks 6, the surfaces 7 of which
are to be smoothed. Three smoothing rollers 8, 9 and 10 are
positioned in succession, one after the other, above the uppermost
forward-moving part of the chains 4, and counterpressure rollers 11
are positioned below the same part in order to prevent depression
of the chains.
An electric motor 12 is connected to the revolving roller 2 by
means of the chain drive 13 and is also by means of an additional
chain drive 14 connected to a gear wheel 15 placed between the
smoothing rollers 9 and 10 and engaging said rollers. An additional
gear wheel 16 is arranged between the smoothing rollers 9 and 8 and
engages same.
When the motor 12 rotates anticlockwise the chains 4 will move in
the direction of the arrows 17, and at the same time all smoothing
rollers will rotate in the direction of the arrows 18, i.e. in flow
with the forward movement of the uppermost part of the chains 4. In
principle, the rollers may also rotate in the opposite direction.
The gear rations are so chosen that the peripheral speed of the
smoothing rollers when moved in the first-mentioned direction is
higher than the advancing speed of the chains 4.
A moistening apparatus 19 is positioned before the smoothing
rollers 8-10 as seen in the travelling direction, said apparatus
comprising a liquid container 20 and a number of moistening rollers
21 which are in surface contact with each other. The rollers 21 are
driven by the smoothing roller 8 by means of intermediate gear
wheels 22.
The smoothing rollers 8-10 are heatable. FIG. 3 shows a smoothing
roller with a built-in electric heating element 23, its thermal
effect being adjustable. However, the rollers may also be heated in
other ways, e.g. by means of heating means such as oil and steam.
The distance of the rollers from the conveyor chains 4 is
adjustable by means of set screws 24, confer FIG. 2, or similar
means acting on the shaft 25 of the smoothing rollers and
cooperating with suitable countermembers 26.
The blanks 6 are delivered to the blocks 5 of the smoothing machine
by means of a conveyor 27 and they are removed from the smoothing
machine by means of a further conveyor 28 which e.g. takes the
treated blanks to a printing apparatus. The conveyors 27 and 28 act
independent of the chain conveyor 4.
Each of the blanks 6 delivered to the smoothing machine is by means
of the conveyor 27 placed on a block 5 and subsequently advanced
below the moistening rollers 21 moistening the blank surfaces 7
which are to be smoothed. Thereupon the blanks are taken
successively to the smoothing rollers 8, 9 and 10 which press
against the surfaces 7 in step with the advance of the blanks. The
pressure exerted by the smoothing rollers is counteracted by the
countermembers 11.
In the present case the smoothing rollers are so adjusted by means
of the set screws 24 that the size of the slit between the blocks 5
and the smoothing rollers decreases from roller 8 to roller 10 from
approximately 1.2 mm. to approximately 0.6 mm. The surface
temperature of the smoothing rollers is maintained at approximately
250.degree. C., and the peripheral speed of the rollers is about
twice the rate of advance of the chain conveyor 4. Experiments have
shown that also other speed ratios and other degrees of heating
will lead to ironing effects resulting in the desired smoothing of
the surfaces 7. However, the same experiments have also shown that
in the case of fibrous pulp as normally used for the production of
e.g. egg cartons no ironing effect of any value is obtained when
the temperature sinks below approximately 100.degree. C. and the
speed ration is substantially below 1.5: 1, whilst the temperatures
approaching or exceeding 300.degree. C. lead to a discoloration of
the material.
In the embodiment shown in FIG. 4 the smoothing machine is
supplemented with an after-grooving member in the form of a
rotatable after-grooving disc 2. The said disc extends parallel to
the travelling direction 17 of the conveyor 4 and transversely of
the axial direction of the smoothing rollers 8, 9 and 10. In the
shown example the disc 29 serves to after-groove a hinge groove 30
in a hinge flap 31 connecting the blank 6 constituting the lid of
an egg carton with a blank 32 constituting the bottom portion of
the egg carton. The blank 32 rests on a surface 33 which is
contiguous with the counterblock 5, and aligned with the hinge
groove 30 a groove 34 is formed in the surface. The configuration
of the periphery 35 of the disc 29 is adapted to the
cross-sectional shape of the hinge groove 30.
The after-grooving disc 29 is so positioned and if desired
adjustable in such a way that it performs an after-grooving of the
hinge groove 30 when the blank 6,32 is advanced below the disc in
position by the counterpressure block 5. During this after-grooving
process the material of the flap 31 may be pressed into the groove
34.
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