U.S. patent number 3,603,982 [Application Number 04/821,311] was granted by the patent office on 1971-09-07 for data entry means.
This patent grant is currently assigned to The National Cash Register Company. Invention is credited to David M. Patti.
United States Patent |
3,603,982 |
Patti |
September 7, 1971 |
DATA ENTRY MEANS
Abstract
An electrooptical data entry means which uses reflected light as
a means of encoding characters, each of which is represented by a
data entry element. For each character, a photosensitive device is
also provided, located in alignment with the corresponding data
entry element in a lightproof housing. Also located in the housing
is a light source which provides light between the data entry
elements and the photosensitive devices. A reflective surface is
mounted at an angle on each data entry element, and is so oriented
with respect to the light source and the individual photosensitive
device for that data entry means, that when a selected data entry
device is operated, its reflective surface is moved, from a recess
in which it is normally located, into a position which causes it to
intercept light from the light source and reflect that light onto
the photosensitive device corresponding to the selected data entry
element. Illumination of the photosensitive device produces a
signal which is effective, through a logical encoding network, to
produce an output signal representing the character for the
operated data entry element. A shift element is effective, through
additional circuitry, to produce a selected one of two possible
output signal combinations represented by a given data entry
element. Interlocks and various control functions are formed
electronically.
Inventors: |
Patti; David M. (Dayton,
OH) |
Assignee: |
The National Cash Register
Company (Dayton, OH)
|
Family
ID: |
25233062 |
Appl.
No.: |
04/821,311 |
Filed: |
May 2, 1969 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
341/31; 178/17C;
250/229; 235/145R |
Current CPC
Class: |
H03K
17/969 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
H03K
17/969 (20060101); H03K 17/94 (20060101); G06f
003/02 () |
Field of
Search: |
;340/365,337 ;200/61.42
;235/145,146 ;178/17,79 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Richardson; Robert L.
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. Data entry means comprising, in combination,
a housing member;
a plurality of data entry elements, each representing at least one
character, located in said housing and capable of moving between
first and second positions;
radiation source means located within said housing member;
a plurality of radiation-sensitive elements, one for each data
entry element, located within said housing member;
radiation-reflecting means associated with each data entry element
and capable of altering the path of radiation from the radiation
source means, said radiation reflecting means for each data entry
element being positioned out of the path of radiation from the
radiation source means when the data entry means is in said first
position, said radiation reflecting means for a selected data
element being positioned to intercept a portion of the radiation
from said radiation source means and to direct it onto the
radiation-sensitive element corresponding to the selected data
entry element when said selected data entry element is depressed
into said second position; and
encoding means for producing a combination of output signals
representing a character selected by causing moving of a selected
data entry element from said first position to said second
position.
2. The data entry means of claim 1, also including a plurality of
memory elements for storing the combination of output signals
generated in response to operation of a data entry element.
3. The data entry means of claim 2, also including repeat means
cooperating with said memory elements and capable of producing a
repetition of the combination of output signals representing a
selected character.
4. The data entry means of claim 1, also including means to prevent
the generation of spurious output signals resulting from
inadvertent operation of a second data entry element immediately
following operation of a first data entry element.
5. The data entry means of claim 1, also including character shift
means operable for selecting a desired one of two possible
characters corresponding to a single data entry element, and
shift logic means for producing a combination of output signals
representing a selected character in accordance with the selection
of a corresponding data entry element and the condition of the
character shift means.
6. The data entry means of claim 5 in which indicating means are
provided to indicate the condition of the shift means.
7. The data entry means of claim 5 in which the character shift
means are manually operable.
8. The data entry means of claim 1 in which the data entry elements
are manually operable.
9. The data entry means of claim 1 in which the radiation
reflecting means are mirrors secured to the lower portion of the
data entry elements.
10. The data entry means of claim 1 in which the
radiation-sensitive elements are positioned in line with, but
separated from, the corresponding data entry elements, so that
radiation from the radiation source means passes between a given
data entry element and its corresponding radiation-sensitive
element when the data entry element is in said first position, a
portion of said radiation being deflected by the radiation
reflecting means onto the radiation-sensitive element when the
corresponding data entry element is moved into said second
position.
11. The data entry means of claim 10 in which the radiation
reflecting means are mirrors mounted at an angle to the data entry
elements to deflect radiation from said radiation source means onto
the radiation-sensitive elements when said data entry elements are
moved into said second position.
12. The data entry means of claim 10 in which recesses are provided
within said housing member to receive the radiation reflecting
means when the corresponding data entry elements are in said first
position.
13. The data entry means of claim 10 in which shielding means is
provided within said housing member for each radiation-sensitive
element to minimize the impingement thereon of stray radiation.
14. The data entry means of claim 10 in which the data entry
elements are urged by resilient means to said first position.
15. The data entry means of claim 10 in which the data entry
elements are provided with key tips for manual operation from said
first position to said second position.
16. Data entry means comprising, in combination,
a plurality of data entry elements, each capable of representing an
upper case character and a lower case character;
a plurality of data channel circuits, each capable of producing an
output code signal;
code signal modifying means;
encoding means for applying signals to selected ones of the data
channel circuits and the code signal modifying means in response to
operation of the data entry elements, according to a predetermined
code;
shift means for controlling the data entry means to operate
selectively in an upper case mode or a lower case mode; and
circuit means controlled by the shift means and the code signal
modifying means for causing a different combination of output code
signals to be produced by the data channel circuits in response to
operation of a given data entry element when the data entry means
is in an upper case mode of operation than when said data entry
means is in a lower case mode of operation.
17. Data entry means comprising, in combination,
a plurality of data entry elements, each capable of representing an
upper case character and a lower case character;
a plurality of data channel circuits each capable of producing an
output code signal;
an "add" channel circuit;
a "subtract" channel circuit;
encoding means for applying signals to selected ones of the data
channel circuits, the "add" channel circuit, and the "subtract"
channel circuit in response to operation of the data entry
elements, according to a predetermined code;
shift means for controlling the data entry means to operate
selectively in an upper case mode or a lower case mode; and
control circuit means controlled by the shift means, the "add"
channel circuit, and the "subtract" channel circuit for causing a
different combination of output code signals to be produced by the
data channel circuits in response to operation of a given data
entry element when the data entry means is in an upper case mode of
operation than when the data entry means is in a lower case mode of
operation.
18. The data entry means of claim 17 in which the shift means
includes a bistable element, and in which the control circuit means
includes a NAND gate having one input connected to the "subtract"
channel circuit and one input connected to one output of the
bistable element, a first AND gate having one input connected to
said one output of the bistable element and one input connected to
the "add" channel circuit, an OR gate having one input connected to
one of the data channel circuits and one input connected to the
output of the first AND gate, and a second AND gate having one
input connected to the output of the OR gate and one input
connected to the output of the NAND gate, the output of the second
AND gate producing a normal output signal representative of the
signal applied to said one of the data channel circuits when the
data entry means is in a lower case mode of operation and producing
a different output signal when the data entry means is in an upper
case mode of operation.
19. The data entry means of claim 18 in which indicating means are
connected to first and second outputs of the bistable element to
indicate whether the data entry means is in the upper case or lower
case mode of operation.
20. The data entry means of claim 18 in which the bistable element
is a flip-flop.
Description
The invention here described was made in the course of or under a
contract or subcontract thereunder with the Department of the Air
Force.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to an electro-optical data entry means for
producing encoded electrical data output signals in response to
manually entered information. These data output signals may be used
to effect the entry of information into a utilizing device such as,
for example, a teleprinter or an electronic data processing
system.
A number of systems have been developed for the generation of data
signals in response to manually entered information, using
electro-optical means. One such system is shown in U.S. Pat. No.
3,092,310, issued June 4, 1963, inventors Werner Flieg et al., in
which a system of mechanical blocking of light paths is employed
for producing output signals in accordance with manually entered
information. In U.S. Pat. No. 2,651,463, issued Sept. 8, 1953,
inventors P. H. Allen et al., certain controls of the operation of
a calculating machine are exercised by controlling of light beams
through mirrors affixed to control keys.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention provides a data entry device which has the
desirable characteristics of compactness, lightweight, high
reliability, and flexibility in keyboard size, keyboard layout, and
the code employed. These are achieved through the use of
electro-optical means for converting information into electrical
signals, with each input key being a separate and distinct element,
capable of performing its data entry function independently of
other keys of the data entry device.
In the present device, the various keys comprising the keyboard are
mounted in a substantially lightproof housing. A photosensitive
element corresponding to each key is mounted in direct alignment
with it in a recessed portion of the housing. A light source in the
housing provides light through a space in the housing between the
keys and the photosensitive elements. A reflective surface is
mounted on the stem of each key, and is so oriented with respect to
the light source and the individual photosensitive element for that
key, that when the key is depressed, its reflective surface is
moved into a position which causes it to intercept light from the
light source and reflect that light onto the photosensitive element
for the respective key.
Illumination of the photosensitive element produces a signal which
is effective, through a logical encoding network, to produce an
output signal representing the character for the depressed key.
Shift keys are effective, through additional circuitry, to
condition the data entry device to function in either an upper case
or a lower case mode of operation. Interlocks and other keyboard
functions are performed electronically.
It is accordingly an object of the present invention to provide
electro-optical data entry means capable of producing output data
signals and control signals in response to operation of input
elements of the data entry means.
A further object is to provide electro-optical data entry means
which uses reflected light as a means of encoding data
characters.
An additional object is to provide electro-optical data entry means
which is compact, lightweight, reliable, and flexible in capacity
and encoding capability.
With these and other objects, which will become apparent from the
following description, in view, the invention includes certain
novel features of construction and combinations of parts, a
preferred form or embodiment of which is hereinafter described with
reference to the drawings which accompany and form a part of this
specification.
In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a plan view, partially broken away, of the keyboard unit
of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a sectional view, taken on line 2--2 of FIG. 1.
FIG. 3 is a block diagram, showing the overall organization of the
novel data entry means of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram, showing certain representative keys
of the keyboard and associated encoding circuitry.
FIGS. 5A, 5B, and 5C, taken together, constitute a schematic
diagram of the operating circuitry forming part of the present
invention.
FIG. 6 shows a plurality of electrical waveforms associated with
specified components of the operating circuitry.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
Referring now to FIGS. 1 and 2 of the drawings, a plurality of keys
20 are mounted for vertical shifting movement in a suitable
keyboard arrangement in the upper surface 22 of a housing 24 which
is of substantially lightproof construction. Each key 20 includes a
key tip 26 and a key stem 28, and is normally biased to a
nonoperated position by a spring 30 positioned between a pin 32 in
the key stem and a lower keyboard plate 34 secured to the surface
22 by brackets 36. The lower end of the key stem 28 is angled to
receive a mirror or other reflecting surface 38. When the keys are
in a nonoperated position, the mirrors 38 are positioned within
openings 40 in a block 42 secured within the housing 24. Depression
of any key 20 shifts its associated mirror 38 downwardly to a
position below the block 42.
A second block 44 is positioned below the block 42 a sufficient
distance to provide a space for transmission of light therebetween,
as shown in FIG. 2. Aligned with each opening 40 in the block 42 is
a cylindrical opening 46 in the block 44, with each such space
having an upper bore 48 of reduced diameter.
Positioned with each opening 46 is a photosensitive element 50,
which may be a photodiode or other suitable device having the
characteristic of undergoing a change in electrical properties,
such as a change in resistance, when illuminated by light or other
suitable radiation. The reduced diameter bore 48 of the opening 46
minimizes the illumination which can fall upon the element 50,
except from directly overhead. Also since the area of each mirror
38 is substantially larger than the corresponding bore 48,
alignment problems are minimized. The photosensitive elements 50
are supported on a member 52 which is secured to the block 44. If
desired, the member 52 may be a printed circuit board to which the
electrodes 54 of the photosensitive elements are connected for
incorporation into the operating circuitry of the data entry
device, as will subsequently be described in detail.
A light source is provided with the housing 24 and consists in the
illustrated embodiment of a plurality of individual light sources
56, such as light bulbs or other radiation-emitting elements,
positioned along one interior side of the housing 24 by means of a
base 58 secured to said side. The light sources 56 are positioned
to cast their illumination primarily into the previously described
space between the blocks 42 and 44, both of which are cut away at
one side to receive the light sources 56.
The housing 24 is shown in FIG. 2 as being broken away below the
block 44. If desired, this housing may be made of sufficient volume
to accommodate the operating circuitry for performing various
decoding, shift and control functions. Alternatively, the
electronic circuitry may be separately housed, if desired. An
electrical receptacle 60 is provided at one end of the housing, so
that all required electrical circuitry can be interfaced to another
device or devices through this receptacle.
The relationship of the keyboard of FIGS. 1 and 2 to the operating
circuitry of the data entry means of the present invention is shown
generally in the block diagram of FIG. 3. The same reference
characters 20, 38, 50, and 56 as were applied to the corresponding
elements in FIGS. 1 and 2 are applied to blocks in FIG. 3
representing, respectively, the keys 20, the mirrors 38, the
photosensitive elements 50, and the light sources 56.
The operating circuitry will subsequently be described in detail,
but is generally represented in FIG. 3 in block form. As shown
there, the photosensitive elements 50 corresponding to the various
data keys of the keyboard are connected to a diode encoding matrix
62 which converts each output signal from a photosensitive element
50 into a signal on one or more of a plurality of code channels.
These signals, in turn, are amplified and shaped by signal
amplification and detection circuitry represented by the block 64.
As will subsequently be described in detail, certain keys of the
keyboard, which perform control functions, have their
photosensitive elements 50 directly connected to other portions of
the operating circuitry of the data entry device, without passing
through the diode encoding matrix.
The keyboard is provided with two shift keys to permit certain keys
to have both upper and lower case characters of differing
significance, thus effectively increasing the capacity of the
keyboard. The shift keys are in the group referred to above in
which connections are not made through the diode encoding matrix,
but rather directly, to other portions of the circuitry. As will
subsequently be described, shift function circuitry, represented by
the block 66, controls "Add" and "Subtract" channel circuitry,
represented by the block 62, to produce a different combination of
channel output signals when a single data key is depressed,
depending upon the condition of the shift function circuitry as
determined by operation of a shift key.
The output signals from the signal amplification and detection
circuitry of block 64 are applied through an electronic interlock,
represented by block 70, to output gating circuitry, represented by
block 72. The output signals from block 72 may then be applied over
terminals 73 in the case of control signals and terminals 74 in the
case of data signals to a suitable utilizing device.
The electronic interlock functions to prevent improper keyboard
operation and spurious output signals. A timing and control
circuit, represented by block 76, cooperates with the electronic
interlock circuitry to provide this function. The electronic
circuitry also provides a signal to a strobe control circuit,
represented by block 78, for generation of a strobe, or timing,
signal which may also be applied over a terminal 80 to a utilizing
device for clocking purposes.
The operation of the data entry means shown schematically in FIG. 3
will now be described. When any data key 20 of the keyboard is
depressed, its mirror 38 deflects light from the light source 56
vertically through the reduced-diameter bore 48 onto its
corresponding photosensitive element 50. The change in resistance
in this element, caused by its illumination, produces a signal
which is applied over certain channels, according to the particular
code established by the diode encoding matrix 62, to the signal
amplification and detection circuit 64.
In the amplification and detection circuit 64, the signals on the
selected channels are amplified and shaped, and a signal on one
channel may be added or subtracted in accordance with whether the
data entry device is in an upper case or lower case mode of
operation, as controlled by the shift keys.
The output signals in the selected channels are then transmitted to
the electronic interlock circuitry represented by block 70, where
controls are provided to insure that the signals generated by the
depression of only one key at a time are provided as outputs from
the data entry device of the present invention. The signals on the
selected channels from the electronic interlock circuitry 70 are
then applied to the output gating circuitry represented by the
block 72. As has been previously mentioned, control signals appear
on terminals 73 associated with the output gating circuitry 72.
Data channel output signals from the output gating circuitry 72 may
take either the form of signals appearing for brief intervals on
terminals 74 corresponding to the various channels, or of
information which is stored in storage devices, such as bistable
elements, associated with the various channels, to permit the
encoded information to be sampled at any desired time until the
next key 20 is depressed to produce a different combination of
encoded output signals.
The strobe signal produced by the strobe control circuit 78 and
appearing on the terminal 80 may be used for data sampling, as well
as for other purposes, if desired.
The operating circuitry of the data entry device generally shown in
block form in FIG. 3 is shown in detail in FIGS. 4, 5A, 5B, and
5C.
Included in FIG. 4, in the bracket at the left side of the figure,
is a grouping of representative data entry keys 20 of the keyboard,
each with its associated photosensitive element 50 and encoding
circuitry, said circuitry extending from a terminal 90 to which may
be applied a source of negative potential, over the photosensitive
element 50, and one or more encoding conductors, in each of which
is connected a diode 94 to prevent "sneak" conductive paths. Each
encoding conductor is connected to a terminal 96, 98, 100, 102,
104, 106, 108, or 110. Correspondingly numbered terminals appear in
FIGS. 5A and 5B to denote the connection of the various encoding
channels to the signal amplification and detection circuitry. The
terminals 96 to 110 in FIG. 4 are labeled according to the channels
which they represent. These terminals are employed for convenience
in showing the relationship of the circuit elements on the various
sheets of the drawings, and would not be necessary in the actual
circuitry.
Not all of the data entry keys of a typical keyboard are shown at
the left side of FIG. 4. However, it would be obvious to develop
code combinations for as many additional keys as would normally be
required.
It will be noted that the encoding conductors corresponding to the
various channels are labeled accordingly. The manner in which the
"Add" and "Subtract" channels are used to indicate the upper case
or lower case condition with respect to certain of the keys 20 will
be subsequently described.
Referring now to FIGS. 5A and 5B, the terminals 96, 98, 100, 102,
104, and 106 shown in these figures as well as in FIG. 4 are each
connected to a circuit for one of the previously described
channels. The circuits of Channels 1, 2, 3, 4, and 6 are identical,
while the circuits of Channel 5 and the "Add" and "Subtract"
channels differ in certain respects because of the previously
mentioned shift function. For the sake of simplicity in the ensuing
description, identical elements in all of the various channel
circuits are given the same reference characters.
Each of the terminals 96 and 110 is connected to a point 112 in its
respective channel circuit. From the point 112, a first circuit
branch extends over a diode 114 to a common 116, which is connected
to a base reference potential, shown here as ground. A terminal 118
is also connected to the common 116.
A second circuit branch extends from the point 112 over a resistor
120 to a second common 122 which is connected over a terminal 124
to a positive source of potential.
A third circuit branch extends from the point 112 of the various
channels over a series-connected amplifier 126 and an inverter 128.
In the case of Channels 1, 2, 4, and 6, the circuit continues from
the inverter 128 over a branching point 130 to one input of an AND
gate 132, the other input of which is connected over a conductor
133 to a "character entry" one-shot, as will subsequently be
described.
The output of each AND gate 132 branches at a point 134, with one
branch connected directly to an output terminal 136, while the
other branch is connected to the input of a bistable device or
flip-flop 138, the output of which is connected to an output
terminal 140. A reset input of the flip-flop 138 is connected over
a conductor 142 to a "reset" one-shot, as will subsequently be
described.
In the case of Channel 5, which includes terminal 104, the circuit
continues from the inverter 128 to one input of an OR gate 144. The
connection to the other input of the OR gate 144 will be
subsequently described. The output of the OR gate 144 is connected
to one input of an AND gate 146, having a second input, the
connection of which will subsequently be described. The output of
the AND gate 146 is connected over a point 130 to one input of an
AND gate 132, which is identical to the AND gates 132 previously
described for Channels 1, 2, 3, 4, and 6. From this point on, the
Channel 5 circuit is identical to the channel circuitry previously
described for the other numbered channels, with an output terminal
136 extending from the branch point 134, and a second output
terminal 140 being connected to a flip-flop 138.
In the case of the "Add" channel, which includes the terminal 108,
the circuit continues from the inverter 128 to one input of an AND
gate 148, having a second input, the connection of which will
subsequently be described. The output of the AND gate 148 is
connected to the second input of the previously described OR gate
144 in the Channel 5 circuit.
In the case of the "Subtract" channel, which includes the terminal
110, the circuit continues from the inverter 128 to one input of a
NAND gate 150, having a second input, the connection of which will
be subsequently described. The output of the NAND gate 150 is
connected to the second input of the previously described AND gate
146 in the Channel 5 circuit.
In the bracket at the right side of FIG. 4 are shown certain
additional keys 20, with their corresponding photosensitive
elements 50 and associated circuitry. These are special-purpose
keys, the photosensitive elements 50 of which are not connected
into the diode encoding matrix represented by block 62 of FIG. 3,
but instead are connected into the amplification and detection
circuitry shown in FIGS. 5B and 5C. For convenience of
illustration, the circuit connections between the photosensitive
elements 50 on the right of FIG. 4 and the amplification and
detection circuitry in FIGS. 5B and 5C are represented by terminals
152, 154, 156, 158, 160, 162, 164, and 166, but it will be
recognized that such terminals would not be necessary in the actual
circuitry.
Among the keys shown at the right side of FIG. 4 are two shift keys
20. Each of these keys is associated with a corresponding
photosensitive element 50, and each of the two photosensitive
elements 50 is included in a parallel branch extending from a
terminal 90 to which a negative source of potential is applied,
over the element 50 and a diode 168 to a common point 170, from
which the circuit extends to the terminal 152. Referring now to
FIG. 5B, the circuit extends from the terminal 152 to a common
point 112, from which three branches extend in the same manner as
previously described for the numbered channel circuits. A first
branch extends from the point 112 over a diode 114 to the common
116; a second branch extends from the point 112 over a resistor 120
to the common 122; and a third branch extends from the point 112
over a series-connected amplifier 126 and inverter 128 to an input
of a flip-flop 172.
A first output from the flip-flop 172 is connected over a resistor
174 to the base of an NPN-type transistor 176, having its emitter
connected to a base reference potential, shown as ground, while its
collector is connected over a lower case shift indication lamp 178
to a terminal 180, to which is applied a source of positive
potential.
A second output of the flip-flop 172 has a first path connected
over a resistor 182 to the base of an NPN-type transistor 184,
having its emitter connected to a base reference potential, shown
here as ground, while is collector is connected over an upper case
shift indication lamp 186 to a terminal 188, to which is applied a
source of positive potential. A second path from the second output
of the flip-flop 172 extends to a point 190. From the point 190, a
first branch extends to a second input of the AND gate 148, and a
second branch extends to the second input of the NAND gate 150. The
manner in which operation of a shift key functions through this
logic to provide the desired encoding signals will subsequently be
described in the explanation of the circuitry.
Also among the keys 20 shown at the right side of FIG. 4 are a
"Null" key and a "Back Space" key, the associated circuitry of each
of which extends from terminals 90 (FIG. 4) over photosensitive
elements 50 and the terminals 154 and 156 to a point 112 (FIG. 5B),
from which a first branch extends over a diode 114 to the common
116; a second branch extends from the point 112 over a resistor 120
to the common 122; and a third branch extends from the point 112
over a series-connected amplifier 126 and inverter 128 and over a
point 130 to one input of an AND gate 132.
The other input of the AND gate 132 in each case is connected to
the common 133, while the output of said AND gate is connected to a
terminal 192 for the circuit for the "Null" key 20 and to an output
194 for the circuit for the "Back Space" key 20. Signals from the
output terminals 192 and 194 may be applied to a utilizing device
or otherwise employed as desired.
Also among the keys shown at the right side of FIG. 4 are a
plurality of additional special function keys labeled in accordance
with the function which they control. These keys are associated
with circuitry shown terminating in FIG. 4 at the previously
mentioned terminals 158, 160, 162, 164, and 166. The same terminals
are shown in FIGS. 5B and 5C connected to the remaining circuitry
associated with these keys. Each of the terminals mentioned above
is connected to a point 112, and in each instance three branches
extend from the point 112, as has been previously described in
connection with the other keys. A first branch extends over the
diode 114 to the common 116; a second branch extends over a
resistor 120 to the common 122; and a third branch extends from the
point 112 over an amplifier 126 connected in series with an
inverter 128. From the inverter 128, the circuit associated with
these keys extends over a point 130 to output terminals numbered
196, 198, 200, 202, and 204, respectively. Signals applied to these
output terminals by depression of a corresponding key may be used
in a corresponding utilizing device or otherwise employed as
desired.
It will be recalled that in the circuitry associated with each of
the numbered channels and with each special function key except the
shift keys, the circuit from the inverter 128 extends over a point
130 to either a gate 132 or an output terminal. From the point 130,
the various branches are connected to inputs of an OR gate 206,
shown in FIG. 5B. The output of the OR gate 206 is connected over
an inverter 208 to a point 210 (FIG. 5C), over a conductor 212.
From the point 210 a first branch extends over a point 214 to the
input of an "interlock" one-shot 216, the output of which is
connected back, over an inverter 218, to the point 210.
A second branch extends from the point 210 to the input of a
"delay" one-shot 220, the output of which is connected to a point
222. From the point 222, a first branch extends to the input of a
"character entry" one-shot 224, the output of which is connected to
the previously described conductor 133.
From the point 222 a second path extends to a first contact 225 of
a switch 226. A second contact 228 of the switch 226 is connected
to the input of a "strobe" one-shot 230, the output of which is
connnected over a point 232 to an output terminal 234. A second
pair of contacts 236 and 238 of the switch are provided, with the
contact 238 being permanently connected to the contact 228, and
with the contact 236 being connected to the input of a "cycle"
one-shot 240. The output of the "cycle" one-shot 240 is connected
to the point 232. As shown in FIG. 5C, the switch 226 is normally
in a position in which the contacts 224 and 228 are connected, but
may be thrown into a position in which the contacts 224 and 228 are
not connected, and in which the contacts 236 and 238 are connected.
The purpose for this arrangement will be subsequently
described.
Returning now to the point 214, a further circuit branch extends
from that point to the input of a "reset" one-shot 242. The output
of this one-shot is connected over an amplifier 244 and an inverter
246 to the previously described conductor 142.
Referring now to FIG. 5A, the light sources 56 are shown therein as
being connected in parallel between two conductors 248 and 250,
with said conductors being connected to terminals 252 and 254, to
which appropriate sources of potential can be connected for
providing energy to illuminate the light sources 56.
The manner in which the circuitry of FIGS. 4, 5A, 5B, and 5C
functions to produce the desired output signals when various keys
20 of the data entry device are depressed will now be described
with the aid of reference to the various waveforms shown in FIG. 6.
The relationship of these waveforms to the circuitry may readily be
ascertained by reference to the particular components to which they
pertain, and which are identified by reference character in the
descriptive column to the left of the waveforms in FIG. 6.
In commencing this operating description, it will be assumed that
power to the data entry device is on and that no key is depressed.
The photosensitive elements 50 associated with the various keys are
therefore in a high-resistance state.
It may be noted in passing that the diodes 94, in combination with
the channel conductors to which they are connected, make up the
diode encoding matrix referred to generally as the block 62 in FIG.
3. These diodes are employed for the purpose of preventing "sneak"
paths which might otherwise cause the production of spurious
information on the output terminals from the device.
It may also be noted in passing that the diodes 114 connected
between the point 112 of each channel and the ground conductor 116
are clamping diodes which prevent the input signal to each
amplifier 126 from exceeding a certain potential difference with
respect to ground. This prevents the full negative voltage from
being applied to the amplifiers 126, which may be of integrated
circuit form, and which might be damaged by excessive voltage. The
resistors 120 are provided between the conductor 124 and the point
112 to maintain the amplifiers 126 in a turned-on condition.
When any key 20 is depressed, the corresponding photosensitive
element 50 is illuminated by the deflection of light from the light
source 56 onto said element by the mirror 38 of the key, as has
been previously described. Illumination of the photosensitive
element 50 causes its resistance to drop substantially, so that the
negative potential applied to the terminal 90 is reflected at the
point 112, as shown in the corresponding wavelength of FIG. 6. This
negative-going signal is amplified and inverted by the amplifier
126 and the inverter 128 in the channels of each of the terminals
98 to 110 which are connected through the diode encoding matrix to
the photosensitive element 50 of the selected key. Since this
signal at the point 112 has been inverted, it is shown in FIG. 6 as
a positive-going signal. This signal is applied to one input of the
AND gates 132 of the selected channels, and is also applied over
the point 130 to the OR gate 206, which thus produces a positive
output signal, which in turn is inverted by the inverter 208 and
applied over the conductor 212 to the point 210. From the point
210, the signal is applied simultaneously to the "interlock"
one-shot 216, the "delay" one-shot 220, and the "reset" one-shot
242, as shown by the corresponding waveforms in FIG. 6.
As may be seen in FIG. 5A, the output from the data output AND
gates 132 may be taken either directly at the output terminals 136
which are connected to the points 134, connected in turn to the
outputs of the AND gates 132 for the various data output channels,
or the output signals for the various channels may be taken from
the output terminals 140 which are connected to the outputs of
flip-flops 138. Each of these flip-flops 138 is triggered by the
output from the corresponding gate 132 which is applied to the
input of the flip-flop 138.
Use of the output flip-flops 138 provides the advantage that the
output signals on the terminals 140 may be maintained for as long a
period as necessary. This is particularly valuable when the
capability of repeating characters which have been previously
entered into the keyboard is desired. It may be readily seen that
characters can be stored in the flip-flops, and repeat signals may
then be utilized to read these characters out a desired number of
times. The manner in which a repeat pulse can be generated by the
data entry device of the present invention will be subsequently
described.
When the flip-flops 138 are utilized for the storage of output
information, means must be provided at the beginning of the next
data entry operation to reset these flip-flops to zero so that the
previously stored information is removed therefrom. This is
accomplished by the "reset" one-shot 242. As may be seen in the
waveform of FIG. 6, the "reset" one-shot 242 has a relatively very
short-duration positive-going pulse, which is applied over the
amplifier 244, the inverter 246, and the conductor 142 to a reset
input of each of the flip-flops 138, for resetting all of said
flip-flops at the beginning of each data entry operation of the
data entry device.
The "delay" one-shot 220 serves the purpose of providing time for
stabilization of transient conditions in the circuit to take place
on the outputs of the various inverters 128 for the respective
channels before sampling of output data can be initiated.
On the fall of the positive-going pulse from the "delay" one-shot
220, the "character entry" one-shot 224, and the "strobe" one-shot
230 are triggered, and positive-going pulses from these one-shots
are initiated, as may readily be seen by an examination of the
respective waveforms in FIG. 6. The "character entry" one-shot 224
has its output connected, as has been previously described, over
the conductor 133 to the second inputs of the various output gates
132, so that the operation of output signals from these gates must
await the application of the "character entry" signal on the
conductor 133.
The "strobe" one-shot 230 provides an output signal on the terminal
234. This terminal is usually connected to a utilizing device, for
sampling purposes, and controls the utilizing device to sample the
data signals on the various channels, either at the terminals 136,
or at the terminals 140.
If desired, repeated "strobe" signals may be produced by operation
of the switch 226 from the position in which it is shown in FIG. 5C
to its other position, in which the contacts 236 and 238 are
electrically connected. When the switch has been moved to this
alternate position, the "strobe" one-shot 230 and the "cycle"
one-shot 240 are interconnected to trigger each other and provide a
repetition of "strobe" signals on the terminal 234 until the switch
226 is moved back to its initial position, in which it is shown in
FIG. 5C. The "strobe" one-shot 230 is selected to have circuit
configuration and biasing such that the change in signal level at
its input produced by operation of the switch 226 to its alternate
position is effective to cause initial triggering of the "strobe"
one-shot, while the "cycle" one-shot causes its subsequent
triggering.
As may be seen by an examination of the waveforms of FIG. 6, the
"interlock" one-shot 216 has a much longer pulse duration than the
"delay" one-shot 220. The output signal from the "interlock"
one-shot 216 is applied through the amplifier 218 to the input of
the "delay" one-shot 220 and the "reset" one-shot 242 at the point
210, which effectively thus applies the output of the "interlock"
one-shot 216 to its own input, thus effectively locking out itself,
the "delay" one-shot 220, and the "reset" one-shot 242, to prevent
spurious information from an inadvertently depressed second key
from being processed by the circuitry of the data entry device
during the period that the "interlock" one-shot output signal
remains at a positive level.
The manner in which the shift circuitry of the present invention
functions will now be described. Whenever one of the two shift keys
20 is depressed, the resulting signal is applied over the terminal
152 and associated circuitry to the input of the upper case-lower
case flip-flop 172 (FIG. 5B), to change the state of this
flip-flop. The signals on the outputs of the flip-flop 172 then
change state, and are applied over the resistors 174 and 182 to
change the state of conduction of the transistors 176 and 184, to
thereby cause one of the lamps 178 and 186 which has previously
been illuminated to be extinguished, and to cause the other one of
said two lamps to be illuminated. At the same time, the output
signal from the flip-flop 172 is applied over the point 190 to the
AND gate 148 and to the NAND gate 150.
The purpose of the shift circuitry, controlled by the two shift
keys 20, is to increase the capacity of the keyboard of the data
entry device, while still maintaining the same number of keys, by
making all or some of these keys perform a dual function in
indicating one of two possible characters, depending upon whether
the data entry device is in an upper case or lower case mode of
operation. The mode of operation in which the data entry device is
at any given time is shown by the two indication lamps 178 and 186.
When the lamp 178 is illuminated, the data entry device is in a
lower case mode of operation, and when the lamp 186 is illuminated,
the data entry device is in an upper case mode of operation. Either
of the two shift keys 20 may be operated to change the mode of the
data entry device from upper case to lower case and vice versa,
with successive operations of the shift keys being operable to
change the mode from whichever mode the data entry device was in
previously, to the other mode.
It will be noted from the representative keys shown on the left
side of FIG. 4 that all of those keys having both upper case and
lower case characters have, in addition to terminals connected to
certain of the numbered channels, also a terminal either for the
"Add" channel (terminal 108) or for the "Subtract" channel
(terminal 110). Signals generated by the illumination of
photosensitive elements connected to either the "Add" or "Subtract"
channels are applied through the logic network shown in FIGS. 5A
and 5B to the numbered channel 5 to produce possible alterations in
the output of that channel, depending upon whether the data entry
device is in the upper case or lower case mode. If, for example, a
given key has both the channel 5 terminal 104 and the "Subtract"
terminal 110 associated therewith, depression of that key will
produce an output signal in channel 5 if the data entry device is
operating in the lower case mode, but will not produce an output in
channel 5 if the data entry device is operating in the upper case
mode, because of the added presence of a signal from the "Subtract"
channel. Similarly, if a key having both upper case and lower case
characters does not have a terminal for channel 5 associated
therewith, but does have a terminal 108 associated with the "Add"
channel associated therewith, then, if the key is depressed when
the data entry device is operating in lower case mode, no signal
will be produced on the channel 5 output terminal. However, if the
key is depressed when the data entry device is operating in an
upper case mode, an output signal will be produced on the channel 5
output terminal by depression of that key.
Let it now be assumed, for example, that the key 20 shown in FIG. 4
which has the letter "M" in the lower case position is depressed
when the data entry device is operating in an upper case mode.
Through normal functioning of the circuit of FIGS. 4, 5A, 5B, and
5C, positive output signals are produced for channels 1, 3, and 4.
In addition, a positive signal appears at the output of the
inverter 128 of the "Add" channel and is applied to one input of
the AND gate 148. Since the data entry unit is operating in the
upper case mode, the output of the flip-flop 172 which is connected
to the point 190 is at a positive level, and therefore positive
input signals are applied to the associated inputs of the AND gate
148 and the NAND gate 150.
The positive signals at both inputs of the AND gate 148 result in a
positive output from that gate, which is applied to one input of
the OR gate 144 to produce a positive output from that gate, even
though the other input to the OR gate 144, from the channel 5
inverter 128, remains negative. The positive output from the OR
gate 144 is applied to one input of the AND gate 146.
Since the output of the inverter 128 of the "Subtract" channel
remains at a negative level, the associated input to the NAND gate
150 remains negative, and there is accordingly a positive-level
output signal from the NAND gate 150 which is applied to the second
input of the AND gate 146, resulting in a positive output from that
gate, and therefore a positive channel 5 output signal.
If the same key is depressed when the data entry device is
operating in a lower case mode, the signal level at point 190 is
negative, and therefore the output of the AND gate 148 is negative,
as is the output of the OR gate 144. Consequently the output of the
AND gate 146 is negative, producing a negative channel 5 output
signal.
In a further example, let it be assumed that the key 20 shown in
FIG. 4 which has the number "2" in the lower case position is
depressed when the data entry device is operating in an upper case
mode. Through normal functioning of the circuit of FIGS. 4, 5A, 5B,
and 5C, output signals will be produced for channels 2, 5, and 6.
In addition, a positive signal appears at the output of the
inverter 128 of the "Subtract" channel, and is applied to one input
of the NAND gate 150. Since the data entry device is operating in
the upper case mode, the output of the flip-flop 172 which is
connected to point 190 is at a positive level, and therefore
positive input signals are applied to the associated inputs of the
AND gate 148 and the NAND gate 150.
Since the signal level at the output of the inverter 128 for the
"Add" channel is negative, the output of the AND gate 148 is also
negative, even though a positive signal has been applied to the
other input of said gate from the point 190. The negative output
signal from the AND gate 148 is applied to one input of the OR gate
144, to the other input of which a positive signal from the channel
5 inverter 128 is applied, resulting in a positive output signal
from the OR gate 144 which is applied to one input of the AND gate
146.
Since both inputs to the NAND gate 150 are positive, this gate
produces a negative output signal which is applied to the other
input of the AND gate 146, resulting in a negative output from that
gate, and consequently a negative channel 5 output signal.
If the same number "2" key is depressed when the data entry device
is operating in a lower case mode, the signal level at point 190 is
negative, and therefore the output of the AND gate 148 is still
negative. This negative signal, combined with the positive signal
from the output of the inverter 128 for channel 5, when combined by
the OR gate 144, results in a positive output signal from the OR
gate which is applied to one input of the AND gate 146.
Since the input to the NAND gate 150 applied from the point 190 is
negative, the output from said NAND gate is positive and, when
applied to the other input of the AND gate 146, results in a
positive output from said gate, and consequently a positive channel
5 output signal.
The four examples given above are believed to illustrate clearly
the manner in which the shift circuitry for the data entry device
of the present invention functions. It will be seen from the above
that the "Add" and "Subtract" channels function to modify the
output of channel 5 when the data entry device is in the upper case
mode. In the event that additional keyboard capacity is needed, the
channel signal modifying logic can be extended to other data
channels in addition to channel 5 by paralleling the logic in a
manner believed obvious to one skilled in the art. Also only one
signal output modifying channel, either an "Add" channel or a
"Subtract" channel, rather than both "Add" and "Subtract" channels,
could be employed, if desired, by using obvious variations in the
logic circuitry. Thus, a large number of output signal combinations
can be produced if desired, using a given number of input keys and
shift circuitry of the type described herein.
With respect to the various control or special function keys 20
shown on the right side of FIG. 4, it is believed that their
operation is clear from an examination of FIGS. 5B and 5C of the
drawings. It may be noted that the "Null" and "Back Space" keys 20
produce pulsed output signals, due to the fact that the outputs of
the inverters 128 for these channels are connected to AND gates
132, the other inputs of which are connected to the "character
entry" one-shot 224, to produce the desired pulsed outputs on the
terminals 192 and 194 respectively. On the other hand, the special
purpose keys associated with the terminals 158, 160, 162, 164, and
166 are connected directly to their corresponding output terminals
196, 198, 200, 202, and 204, without the use of intervening gates,
and therefore the signals produced by depression of these keys
change strictly in accordance with the condition of the keys, so
that the signal on any of these output terminals remains at a
negative level until the key is depressed, and then remains at a
positive level until the key is released.
* * * * *